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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Agricultural Meteorology × Author: Ajith, K × End date: 1999 × Start date: 1996 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Agroclimatology in crop planning for central zone of Kerala
    (Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, 1999) Ajith, K; KAU; Kesava Ravo, A V R
    A study was undertaken to determine weekly index of moisture adequacy (I MA) and water availabi I ity periods for various locations in the central zone of Kerala and to examine the viability of important crops. Daily rainfall data for the period 1978-97 were collected from 26 stations in the central zone. Daily data on maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, maximum and minimum relative humidity and bright sunshine hours for Kochi, Palakkad, Pattambi and Vellanikkara were collected. Soil data and crop data were also collected for the zone. Mean weekly, monthly, seasonal & annual rainfall and coefficient of variation for all stations were worked out. Spatial variation of mean rainfall and coefficient of variation during the different seasons were studied. Monthly , dependable rainfall at 75 per cent and 90 per cent ' •• vere calculated using the ranking method suggested by Frere and Papov, and its spatial variation over the zone was studied. Initial and conditional probabilities of receiving 30 mm or more rainfall per week following Markov chain model for all the rain gauge stations were worked out and discussed. Water balance elements were computed for the 26 stations following book- keeping method of Thornthwaite. PET was computed following the modified Penman method as suggested by Doorenbos and Pruitt. Annually, the actual evapotranspiration (AET) varied from <400 mm in the eastern region of the zone to >700 mm in the southern part of the zone. The lowest AET ,. of 311 mm was observed at Parambikulam and a highest of 779 mm at Piravom. A I gradual increase of AET can be observed from northern part to southern part. The midland and of the central part of the zone had higher values of water deficit (WD) \ 1 '~L t '. compared to the northern and southern parts i.e., more than 1300 mm. Parambikulam had highest value for WD i.e., 1606 mm. Almost all the coastal region and midland of the northern and southern parts were found to have lesser WD value « 1300 mm.) Water surplus (WS) was high in the midland and coastal areas of the zone. The highest value of WS, 913 mm was observed at Wadakkancherry followed by Kunnamkulam (614 mm) both in the coastal region. Almost all stations in the coastal region were found to have higher values ofWS, i.e., more than 400 mm except a small patch around Kochi. Water availability periods were identified comparing the AET and PET. It was found that water availability periods followed the same pattern for most of the stations in the central zone. It was characterised by a 1 st sub humid period followed by a humid period and a 2nd subhumid period. The highest number of moist days was recorded at Piravom (203) followed by Aluva and Perumbavoor(188). At this station the humid period extended for 170 days which is also the highest value compared to all other stations. The least number of moist days was observed at Parambikulam (82). At this station there is a break in the humid period which gave way to a sub humid period. Most of the stations have total number of moist days more than 150. Generally, the water availability period starts in the 2nd week of June and extends up to 3rd week of November. " The cropping system of the central zone of Kerala was analysed and it was found that the cropping patterns fall under three major categories (1) mainly paddy (2) mainly coconut and (3) plantations other than coconut. The viability of these cropping patterns based on water availability periods and soil information are discussed.