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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Agricultural Entomology × Author: Banka Kanda, Kishore Reddy × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Insecticide mixtures for the management of pest complex in cowpea
    (Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2018) Banka Kanda, Kishore Reddy; KAU; Ambily Paul
    A study on “Insecticide mixtures for the management of pest complex in cowpea” was undertaken in College of Agriculture, Vellayani and in the farmers field at Kalliyoor during 2016 to 2018. The main objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide mixtures having component molecules of different mode of action against pests of cowpea and to study the dissipation pattern of mixtures in cowpea pods. Major pests documented in the experimental field were sucking pests viz., pod bug, Riptortus pedestris Fabricius, cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius, and leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Experiment was laid out in RBD to study the efficacy of insecticide mixtures viz., chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC @ 150 g a.i ha-1, lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC @ 30 g a.i ha-1, thiamethoxam 12.6 % + lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % ZC @ 27.5 g a.i ha-1, beta cyfluthrin 8.49 % + imidacloprid 19.81 % SC 15.75+36.7 g a.i ha-1, flubendiamide 19.92 % + thiacloprid 19.92 % SC @ 48+48 g a.i ha-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC +thiamethoxam 25 % WG (hand mixed) @ 1:1 @ 0.30 mL L-1 along with standard checks chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 0.30 g L-1 against cowpea pests (Cowpea variety- Vellayani Jyothika). The results of the study revealed that chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC @ 150 g a.i ha-1 was found effective in managing the population of pod bug, R. pedestris, followed by followed by followed by followed by followed by thiamethoxam 12.6 % + lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % ZC @ 27.5 g a.i ha-1 and beta cyfluthrin 8.49 % + imidacloprid 19.81 % SC @ 15.75+36.7 g a.i ha-1. Less incidence of bug was found in effective treatments after 7 days of spraying. More or less similar result was obtained in the management of cowpea aphid, A. craccivora. Less number of aphid was observed in the plants treated with chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC @ 150 g a.i ha-1, thiamethoxam 12.6 % + lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % ZC @ 27.5 g a.i ha-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC + thiamethoxam 25 % WG (hand mixed) @ 1:1 @ 0.30 mL L-1 and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 30 g a.i ha-1 against 211.67 aphids plant-1 in control after 15 days of spraying. Significantly higher reduction in leaf damage by S. litura was recorded in plants treated with lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 (25.03) which was on par with thiamethoxam 12.6 % + lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % ZC @ 27.5 g a.i ha-1 (26.46) and chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC @ 150 g a.i ha-1 (30.20) 10 days after spraying. Whereas, in the management of cowpea pod borer, M. vitrata, less incidence of larvae was found in lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 and chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plants after 5 days of spraying against 6.67 larvae in control. Dissipation of residues of these effective insecticide mixtures were studied by analysing the pods collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after treatment and the result showed that both the single insecticides in chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC were dissipated within ten days with half-lives of 5.34 and 3.01 respectively and in lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC, lambda cyhalothrin dissipated in five days and chlorantraniliprole dissipated in seven days with half-lives of 5.58 and 13.67 days respectively. The infestation of sucking pests, borers and leaf feeders simultaneously occur in cowpea especially in pod bearing stage. The results of the study revealed that spraying chlorantraniliprole 8.8 % + thiamethoxam 17.5 % SC @ 150 g a.i ha-1, thiamethoxam 12.6 % + lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % ZC @ 27.5 g a.i ha-1 and lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 could effectively manage pest complex in cowpea with minimal or no risk to the consumers.