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Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

The history of agricultural education in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1896 when a scheme was evolved in the erstwhile Travancore State to train a few young men in scientific agriculture at the Demonstration Farm, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, presently, the Cropping Systems Research Centre under Kerala Agricultural University. Agriculture was introduced as an optional subject in the middle school classes in the State in 1922 when an Agricultural Middle School was started at Aluva, Ernakulam District. The popularity and usefulness of this school led to the starting of similar institutions at Kottarakkara and Konni in 1928 and 1931 respectively. Agriculture was later introduced as an optional subject for Intermediate Course in 1953. In 1955, the erstwhile Government of Travancore-Cochin started the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Mannuthy, Thrissur for imparting higher education in agricultural and veterinary sciences, respectively. These institutions were brought under the direct administrative control of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Husbandry, respectively. With the formation of Kerala State in 1956, these two colleges were affiliated to the University of Kerala. The post-graduate programmes leading to M.Sc. (Ag), M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees were started in 1961, 1962 and 1965 respectively. On the recommendation of the Second National Education Commission (1964-66) headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, the then Chairman of the University Grants Commission, one Agricultural University in each State was established. The State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) were established in India as an integral part of the National Agricultural Research System to give the much needed impetus to Agriculture Education and Research in the Country. As a result the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) was established on 24th February 1971 by virtue of the Act 33 of 1971 and started functioning on 1st February 1972. The Kerala Agricultural University is the 15th in the series of the SAUs. In accordance with the provisions of KAU Act of 1971, the Agricultural College and Research Institute at Vellayani, and the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, were brought under the Kerala Agricultural University. In addition, twenty one agricultural and animal husbandry research stations were also transferred to the KAU for taking up research and extension programmes on various crops, animals, birds, etc. During 2011, Kerala Agricultural University was trifurcated into Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) and Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). Now the University has seven colleges (four Agriculture, one Agricultural Engineering, one Forestry, one Co-operation Banking & Management), six RARSs, seven KVKs, 15 Research Stations and 16 Research and Extension Units under the faculties of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Forestry. In addition, one Academy on Climate Change Adaptation and one Institute of Agricultural Technology offering M.Sc. (Integrated) Climate Change Adaptation and Diploma in Agricultural Sciences respectively are also functioning in Kerala Agricultural University.

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Subject: Agricultural Entomology × Author: Anju Viswanathan, K × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Insecticide mixtures for the management sucking pest complex in chilli
    (Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 2019) Anju Viswanathan, K; KAU; Ambily Paul
    A study on "Insecticide mixtures for the management of sucking pest complex in chilli" was undertaken at College of Agriculture, Vellayani and farmers field at Kalliyoor during 2018 October to 2019 January. The objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide mixtures against sucking pest complex in chilli and to study the pesticide residues in chilli fruits. Major pests recorded during the study include white fly, Aleurothrixus trachoides Back, thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hoods, mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks and aphid. Aphis gossypii Glover. The laboratory experiment was laid out in CRD to study the efficacy of insecticide mixmres viz., thiamethoxam 12.6 % + lambda cyhalothrin 9.5 % ZC @ 33 + 15.75 g a.i ha"', beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % CD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha"', flubendiamide 19.92% + thiacloprid 19.92 % SC @ 48 + 48 g a.i ha"', fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"', spiromesifen 22.9% SC + thiamethoxam 25 % WG (hand mixed) (1:1) @ 96 + 50 g a.i ha"' along with two positive controls T6- spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 96 g a.i ha"'and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 50 g a.i ha"' against pests of chilli. Results of the laboratory screening revealed that fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"' was the effective treatment in managing all sucking pests, in which whiteflies, thrips, mites and aphids were not present on seventh day after spraying. This was followed by beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha"' and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 50 g a.i ha"'. No mite population was observed in spiromesifen 22.9 SC @ 96 g a.i ha"' treated plants from second day after application. The insecticide mixtures / insecticides selected for the field studies were fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"', beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha"', spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 96 g a.i ha"' and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 50 g a.i ha"' by considering their effectiveness in managing sucking pests under laboratory conditions. The results of field evaluation revealed that less incidence of whiteflies was observed on fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"' (0.43 leaf') treated plants on seventh day after spraying followed by beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha-'(0.60 leaf ') and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 50 g a.i ha"' (2.23 leaf'). No population of thrips was observed in plants treated with fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"' on tenth day after spraying followed by beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha-'(1.30 leaf'). Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 96 g a.i ha"' showed superiority over other treatments, in checking the population of mites, P. latus and no mites were observed on plants treated with spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 96 g a.i ha"' from seventh day after spraying followed by fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"' (1.63 leaf') and beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha"' (2.30 leaf'). Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 96 g a.i ha"' found to be safe to natural enemies as compared to other treatments. Number of chilli aphids, A. gossypii was lower in fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"' (0.52 leaf' ) treated plants followed by beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha"'(0.60 leaf') after seven days of spraying. Dissipation of residues of these effective insecticides was studied by analysing the chilli fruits collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 30 days after treatment and the results showed that in fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG sprayed fruit, fipronil dissipated within two hours of spraying and imidacloprid dissipated in three days. Beta cyfluthrin £uid imidacloprid in beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD mixture dissipated within fifteen and seven days respectively. The risk assessment study also proved the safety of the insecticide mixtures. The results of the present study revealed that spraying of fipronil 40% + imidacloprid 40% WG @ 175 + 175 g a.i ha"' or beta cyfluthrin 8.91% + imidacloprid 19.81 % OD @ 15.75 + 36.75 g a.i ha"' could effectively manage pest complex in chilli with minimal risk to end users.