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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY OF PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN ADVANCE BREEDING LINES OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (guntur, 2022-11-11) PRASANTHI, GOLLA.; JAYALAKSHMI, V.
    The present investigation entitled “Stability of phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in advance breeding lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, during rabi 2020-21 to study the nature and extent of genotype by environment interaction on phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in chickpea and to investigate the stability and adaptability of the advance breeding lines of chickpea to various sowing windows of Andhra Pradesh. The study was taken up with 10 advance chickpea breeding lines and four released varieties planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications sown during October (E1), November (E2) and December (E3) representing various sowing windows adopted by farmers in Andhra Pradesh. The analysis of variance for nineteen characters viz., phenological traits like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, duration of reproductive phase, days to maturity, leaf area index; yield attributing traits namely plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, seed yield; and quality traits like hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time, protein content, zinc content and iron content recorded in three days of planting revealed significant variation among genotypes for all these traits, except for harvest index and protein content in E1 and days to first flowering and duration of vegetative phase in E3. Across various environments, advance breeding lines NBeG 690, NBeG 776 and NBeG 699 and released variety NBeG 119 exhibited high per se performance for phenological traits. Desi genotypes, NBeG 776, NBeG 779 and NBeG 690 were identified as promising for seed yield while in Kabuli genotypes, NBeG 789 is promising for harvest index, 100 seed weight and zinc content. NBeG 833 is a large seeded Kabuli with desirable quality traits like high protein content, hydration capacity and swelling capacity. Stability analysis as per Eberhart and Russel (1966) revealed highly significant genotype × environment interaction for days to 50% flowering, duration of flowering, leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index, seed yield, hydration capacity, swelling capacity and iron content indicating a variable response of the genotypes to different dates of planting studied. Environments + (genotype x environments) were significant for all characters except for leaf area index, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, iron content and zinc content. The higher magnitude of mean sum of squares for environment (linear), compared to genotype × environment (linear) indicated that linear response of environment accounted for major part of the total variation for all the traits studied and might be responsible for high adaptation of the genotypes in relation to yield and other traits. Except for days to first flowering, cooking time, protein content and zinc content, the mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant indicating the importance of both linear and non-linear components in genotype × environment interaction observed for the traits in the present investigation. The E1 environment (October) was favourable for phenological traits, yield attributing traits and quality characters and E2 environment (November) was congenial for yield attributing traits. NBeG 47, NBeG 798 and NBeG 690 were stable genotypes with respect to the seed yield and considered to be promising genotypes for achieving high yields under variable environments. Genotypes NBeG 699, NBeG 440, NBeG 789, NBeG 833, NBeG 119 and KAK 2 were recommended for December planting (late planting) where as NBeG 779, NBeG 776, NBeG 452, NBeG 857 and NBeG 810 could be suggested for rich environment (October) for realizing enhanced yield. With respect quality traits, Kabuli genotypes NBeG 833, NBeG 789 and NBeG 440 had stable performance in all three sowing windows. The studies on variability revealed that there is sufficient genetic variability for leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height, harvest index, seed yield, 100 seed weight, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time and iron content in the genotypes and the traits exhibited high heritability and high to moderate genetic advance. Breeders can exploit the additive gene effects of these traits and transgressive segregation in breeding programmes would be fruitful for further genetic improvement in chickpea to develop high yielding chickpeas with matching phenology to various environments and with faster cooking time and high iron content. Seed yield exhibited positive and significant association with phenological traits viz., duration of flowering and duration of reproductive phase in all the three sowing windows. These key traits were influencing seed yield indirectly via other contributing characters like days to first flowering, duration of vegetative phase, leaf area index and days to maturity in October sowing and traits like plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and also harvest index in late planting situation where crop is exposed to high temperature. Number of pods per plant though exhibited highly significant correlation with seed yield but had negative direct effect in October planting and high positive direct effect in December planting. Its significant correlation during October planting was established indirectly through duration of vegetative phase, days to maturity and leaf area index. Plant height with significant positive correlation with seed yield in December planting had high positive direct effect and also high indirect effect via duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, number of branches per plant. Swelling capacity, hydration capacity and cooking time are positively associated with 100 seed weight, but cooking time increased with the increase in seed weight. Strong correlations have been established between seed size and cooking time especially in Kabulis and therefore, special emphasis may be given for improving the seed size with less cooking time in extra-large seeded Kabulis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRI SNACK ITEMS FROM PUFFED AMARANTH SEEDS
    (guntur, 2022-09-12) SPURTHI, N.; LAKSHMI, K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STABILITY OF PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN ADVANCE BREEDING LINES OF CHICKPEA
    (guntur, 2022-09-12) PRASANTHI, GOLLA.; JAYALAKSHMI, V.
    The present investigation entitled “Stability of phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in advance breeding lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, during rabi 2020-21 to study the nature and extent of genotype by environment interaction on phenological traits, seed yield and quality traits in chickpea and to investigate the stability and adaptability of the advance breeding lines of chickpea to various sowing windows of Andhra Pradesh. The study was taken up with 10 advance chickpea breeding lines and four released varieties planted in Randomized Block Design with three replications sown during October (E1), November (E2) and December (E3) representing various sowing windows adopted by farmers in Andhra Pradesh. The analysis of variance for nineteen characters viz., phenological traits like days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, duration of reproductive phase, days to maturity, leaf area index; yield attributing traits namely plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, seed yield; and quality traits like hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time, protein content, zinc content and iron content recorded in three days of planting revealed significant variation among genotypes for all these traits, except for harvest index and protein content in E1 and days to first flowering and duration of vegetative phase in E3. Across various environments, advance breeding lines NBeG 690, NBeG 776 and NBeG 699 and released variety NBeG 119 exhibited high per se performance for phenological traits. Desi genotypes, NBeG 776, NBeG 779 and NBeG 690 were identified as promising for seed yield while in Kabuli genotypes, NBeG 789 is promising for harvest index, 100 seed weight and zinc content. NBeG 833 is a large seeded Kabuli with desirable quality traits like high protein content, hydration capacity and swelling capacity. Stability analysis as per Eberhart and Russel (1966) revealed highly significant genotype × environment interaction for days to 50% flowering, duration of flowering, leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index, seed yield, hydration capacity, swelling capacity and iron content indicating a variable response of the genotypes to different dates of planting studied. Environments + (genotype x environments) were significant for all characters except for leaf area index, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, iron content and zinc content. The higher magnitude of mean sum of squares for environment (linear), compared to genotype × environment (linear) indicated that linear response of environment accounted for major part of the total variation for all the traits studied and might be responsible for high adaptation of the genotypes in relation to yield and other traits. Except for days to first flowering, cooking time, protein content and zinc content, the mean squares for pooled deviation (non-linear) were also significant indicating the importance of both linear and non-linear components in genotype × environment interaction observed for the traits in the present investigation. The E1 environment (October) was favourable for phenological traits, yield attributing traits and quality characters and E2 environment (November) was congenial for yield attributing traits. NBeG 47, NBeG 798 and NBeG 690 were stable genotypes with respect to the seed yield and considered to be promising genotypes for achieving high yields under variable environments. Genotypes NBeG 699, NBeG 440, NBeG 789, NBeG 833, NBeG 119 and KAK 2 were recommended for December planting (late planting) where as NBeG 779, NBeG 776, NBeG 452, NBeG 857 and NBeG 810 could be suggested for rich environment (October) for realizing enhanced yield. With respect quality traits, Kabuli genotypes NBeG 833, NBeG 789 and NBeG 440 had stable performance in all three sowing windows. The studies on variability revealed that there is sufficient genetic variability for leaf area index, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height, harvest index, seed yield, 100 seed weight, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time and iron content in the genotypes and the traits exhibited high heritability and high to moderate genetic advance. Breeders can exploit the additive gene effects of these traits and transgressive segregation in breeding programmes would be fruitful for further genetic improvement in chickpea to develop high yielding chickpeas with matching phenology to various environments and with faster cooking time and high iron content. Seed yield exhibited positive and significant association with phenological traits viz., duration of flowering and duration of reproductive phase in all the three sowing windows. These key traits were influencing seed yield indirectly via other contributing characters like days to first flowering, duration of vegetative phase, leaf area index and days to maturity in October sowing and traits like plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and also harvest index in late planting situation where crop is exposed to high temperature. Number of pods per plant though exhibited highly significant correlation with seed yield but had negative direct effect in October planting and high positive direct effect in December planting. Its significant correlation during October planting was established indirectly through duration of vegetative phase, days to maturity and leaf area index. Plant height with significant positive correlation with seed yield in December planting had high positive direct effect and also high indirect effect via duration of vegetative phase, duration of flowering, number of branches per plant. Swelling capacity, hydration capacity and cooking time are positively associated with 100 seed weight, but cooking time increased with the increase in seed weight. Strong correlations have been established between seed size and cooking time especially in Kabulis and therefore, special emphasis may be given for improving the seed size with less cooking time in extra-large seeded Kabulis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTING STYLES WITH PERSONALITY AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS
    (guntur, 2022-09-06) BABITHA, BOJJAGANI; UMA DEVI, L.
    Adolescence is transition period from a relatively dependent childhood to the adulthood’s psychological, social and economic independence. Adolescence is an important phase for parents and children. They make special efforts to understand one another. The proper role of the parents is to provide encouragement, support and access to activities that enable the child to master key developmental tasks.Parenting style is one of the vital variables of personality growth and development in adolescence. Personality and identity formation during adolescence is influenced by the dyadic parent-child association (Schofield et al. 2012). Children learn about moral values from how parents share about rules and the penalties of violating them, but they absorb even more when parents conversation about people’s feelings and how those feelings are affected by the child’s conduct (Killen and Smetana, 2006). The current research is about connection between parenting styles with moral and personality development of adolescents, which wasconducted in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Current research was planned using exploratory research design. The sample was selected randomly, 180respondentswho are in the age of 12-21 years and their parents (either of the parent). The study focused on child related, parent related and family related factors which includes age, gender, education/ class of study, ordinal position, parent education, parent occupation, type of family, size of family and socio- 12 economic status, parenting styles. Personality and moral developmentwere dependentvariables. The personal information of the selected sample was collected through general information schedule. The data related to parenting patterns adopted by the parents was collected through a standardized scale developed Shyny. T.Y and V. G. Omana in 2017which consists of fourparenting styles i.e. Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive and Uninvolved. The personality development of adolescents was assessed by using a Big Five Personality test developed by Goldberg in 1992 which comprised of 5dimensions i.e. Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to experience. The moral development of adolescents was assessed by using Moral Development scale developed by Alpanan Sen Gupta and Shagufta Fakhrudden in 2015 which consists of five dimensions i.e. Lying, Stealing, Dishonesty, Cheating and Moral reasoning. Most of the parents of selected adolescents were not well-educated and are from nuclear families and nearly one third of them are from upper middle, lower middle and upper lower class of socio-economic status. Majority of the parents of selected adolescents adopted democratic parenting and only few of the parents adopted permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. The data regarding personality factors revealed that early adolescents had high level of agreeableness and low level of neuroticism. Conscientiousness and agreeableness personality factors seem to be high in middle adolescents. Late adolescents scored high on positive personality traits and low in negative traits. Irrespective of adolescents age, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness dimensions had high level in adolescents and low level of extraversion and neuroticism. Gender of the respondents did not differ much in all the personality factors. Early adolescents had scored high in moral development as compared to middle and late adolescents. Irrespective of age, majority of the adolescents scored high level of moral development followed by low and medium. Boys and girls did not differ significantly in moral development. The outcomes of the current study showed that, Democratic parenting was found to have positive relation with extraversion and agreeableness. Authoritarian parenting had negative relationship with conscientiousness and agreeableness personality factors. Permissive parenting had significant and negative related with openness to experience 13 and uninvolved parenting has a positive relation with agreeableness, neuroticism personality factors of adolescents. Among demographic variables, age, education was correlated with openness to experience, conscientiousness and agreeableness personality factors. Gender was positively correlatedwithconscientiousness and negative relationship with openness to experience personality factors. Socio-economic status had positive relation with neuroticism personality factor only. Democratic and authoritarian parenting was positively significantly correlated with adolescents moral development. Neglected and indulgent parenting had negative relation with adolescentsmoral development. Among demographic variables, gender, family size, family type had positive relationship with moral development of adolescent. Socio-economic status and adolescent’s moral development was found to be negatively significant. Hence, Democratic parenting style is good than the other parenting styles and it has good impact on adolescent’s personality and moral development. Similarly joint families contributing better in adolescent’s moral development as compared to nuclear families.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INCIDENCE OF INSECT PESTS OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn) AND THEIR MANAGEMENT WITH BIOPESTICIDES AND NEEM BASED PRODUCTS
    (guntur, 2022-08-26) MURALIDHAR, LOVA; ANIL KUMAR, D.
    A field experiment entitled as “Studies on incidence of insect pests of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn) and their management with biopesticides and neem based products” was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Naira during rabi, 2020-21. The peak incidence of pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (12.89 % DH) was observed during 5th-6th standard meteorological weeks. Whereas, in case of white ear heads (8.40 % WEH) the peak incidence was observed during 7th-8th standard week. On observing the multi regression analysis, it was found that all abiotic factors together accounted for 53.6 and 21.6 per cent variation in dead heart and white ear heads infestation, respectively. The minimum temperature (r = -0.539) and evening relative humidity (r = -0.712) showed significant negative correlation with the incidence of dead hearts formation. Whereas in case of white ear heads incidence, all the weather parameters had a non significant positive correlation except rainfall (r = - 0.161) which exhibited a non significant negative correlation. The incidence of natural fauna viz., spiders and lady bird beetles population was noticed from 3rd standard week, whereas the maximum incidence of spiders was observed at 6th -7th and lady beetles was observed at 5th -6th standard meteorological weeks. A significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity (r = 0.626) and significant negative correlation with evening relative humidity (r = -0.699) was observed with ladybird beetle population. Whereas a non-significant correlation was observed with all weather parameters related to spiders occurrence. The data of overall and cumulative mean related to management of ragi pink stem borer, S. inferens revealed that cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @ 2 g/l (9.36% DH, 10.42% WEH) was highly effective followed by Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. The treatments, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and azadirachtin 10000ppm were observed to be effective among biopesticides and botanicals tested, respectively. The performance of the botanicals remained the same all along the period of experimentation where azadirachtin 10000 ppm was followed by azadirachtin 3000 ppm, NSKE 5% and azadirachtin 300 ppm. The studies on management with biopesticides and neem based products in finger millet revealed that, Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @ 2.0 g/l was found to be very effective in containing ragi pink borer. The highest B: C Ratio of 2.64: 1 was obtained by Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP @ 2.0 g/l with a yield of 30.68 q/ha followed by other treatments which were observed to be significantly superior over untreated control (1.42:1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS USING GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLE POWDERS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ANEMIA
    (guntur, 2022-08-25) SRAVYA, S; LAKSHMI, J.
    Pesticides are best tools for timely management of crop pests and diseases which contain some amount of toxic substances that is also harmful to human beings and other domestic animals. Research proved that among the three routes of exposure, majority of the pesticide penetrates human body through skin. Hence, some type of protective clothing is essential and necessary for prevention of such entry. Survey was conducted on 120 pesticide sprayers in Chebrolu Mandal of Guntur district to understand the mode, frequency and type of pesticide used, related health aspects and constraints in using protective garments along with their opinion on user friendly protective gear. Survey results lead to designing of 16, protective garments. Full hands shirt with regular and raglan sleeve, 2 medium sized pockets in the front of shirt and bifurcated pant. Extra protection was provided by adding extra layer of material in scalp of hood and crotch of pant. Net material was provided at the neck of shirt and in hood to make the wearer comfortable. Beak mask, goggles, chemical protective gloves and shoes were provided. Designs were evaluated by experts of subject area and applicators for selection of 5 best designs. Selection of fabric for designed protective garments was done based on previous studies. Two blends were selected i.e. PC and PV in 2 different thickness with a blend ratio of 67:33. Spray testing was done to select one blend. Through spray test results both PC fabrics (PC1 and PC2) were considered. Both fabrics were treated with water repellent finishes - BOND-WR-12 A RTU (F1) and BOND-WR-12 NEAT (F2) following various finishing parameters, and were tested for functional properties. Air permeability values were lower in PC1 at pH 5 for all 4 conc. of finish. Higher pH and higher concentration of finish reduced the wicking ability of fabrics. Reduced wicking ability was observed in PC1 over PC2. PC1 had more thermal insulation than xvii PC2. PC1 fabric had better properties over PC2 with F1 finish. Optimized finishing parameters were conc. 5%., pH-4.5., Drying temperature 1050C., drying time 3 min., curing temperature: 1650C and curing time: 3min. The test fabric was used for construction of 5 protective garment designs selected based on subjective evaluation by applicators and experts. Further treated fabric was tested for barrier performance in the laboratory and in the field situations for 3 toxic pesticides, Phosphamidon, Monocrotophos and Dimethoate that are used by sprayers in chilli crop. Spraying of pesticide was done on samples in the laboratory using a hand spray while field testing consisted of patch test and swab test. After testing, extracts from both control and treated fabrics were evaluated in GC for quantification of pesticide residue. The residues present in 64 cm2 of fabric area were measured and expressed as ng/cm2. The results of the study were statistically analyzed by four factor experiment with CRD. Percentage reduction of absorption and penetration of pesticides in treated fabrics ranged from 42% to 57% over control. Torso front and thigh regions received higher averages in patch test with highest reduction values incase of Monocrotophos. Swab test indicated that skin covered with treated fabric gave good protection for all three pesticides. Higher residue values were observed in both control and treated fabric with Monocrotophos over the other two pesticides. The findings of various tests related to Phosphamidon, Monocrotophos and Dimethoate absorption, penetration and transmission with test fabric samples revealed that PC1 with F1 finish had better barrier properties. Survey on problems associated with de-stalking of dried chilli pods at chilli processing units in and around Guntur was studied and that the study reported that the majority de-stalkers faced the scorching on fingers, cracking on fingers and deformation on nails and hands while on removing stalks. Based on the survey a protective gadget was designed, constructed and evaluated to minimize the problems associated with de- stalking of dried chill pods. Initially 4 types of glove designs were designed and developed and out of which suitable one was selected through subjective evaluation by the subject experts as well as stake holders for their convenience and comfort in wearing. Final glove was made with two types of selected fabric such as 100% cotton and knitted material. Cotton was placed at palm view and knitted was placed at top view of the glove. Finally wear trials were conducted and recorded their opinion. Further, the survey on de-stalkers indicated that they were not wearing any protective gadgets for hands while removing stalks of dried chilli pod. Hence, 4 different designs of gloves were designed of which one was selected by experts and subjects. It‟s a three fourth length style without quirks, with a combination of cotton and knitted material. Both the protective garment and the glove were rated high by maximum number of experts in terms of features and subjects have given high scores for aspects of ease in wearing, comfort and protection. Subjects also opined that developed protective gear will be used by them if available in the market.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GRAIN QUALITY AND GLYCEMIC INDEX STUDIES IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY ANGRAU
    (guntur, 2022-08-23) DIVYA PRASANNA KUMARI, S.; NIRMALA DEVI, G.
    Twenty popular rice varieties developed by ANGRAU, including sixteen released and four pre-released varieties obtained from Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Maruteru during Kharif – 2019, were screened for quality traits such as physicochemical and cooking properties, micronutrient content (iron and zinc), proximate composition, glycemic index and correlation between these parameters were also studied to identify the varieties with desirable quality, nutritional composition and glycemic index. Analysis of variance has revealed a significant difference for all the traits evaluated and among the varieties except for glycemic index. Mean values are described character-wise. For most of the characters, a vast difference was observed among varieties. Chandra, Bhavapuri Sannalu, Indra, Swarna and Samba Mahsuri among the released rice varieties and the pre-released rice varieties MTU 1210, MTU 1224 recorded high per cent hulling, milling and head rice recovery with intermediate amylose, alkali spreading value, soft gel and higher volume expansion ratio and minimum elongation ratio.Among the varieties investigated for mineral content six varieties namely Swarna, Sri Dhruthi, Indra, MTU 1210, MTU 1224 and MTU 1262 were under a high iron category. Five varieties Swarna, Sri Dhruthi, Indra, MTU 1224and MTU 1262, were under the high zinc category. Moreover, varieties such as Swarna, MTU 1224 and MTU 1262 have high iron and zinc levels. Mineral content (Iron and Zinc) decreased during polishing. The per cent loss during polishing was given according to the grain type. It is revealed that the percent loss of iron was more in 16 medium slender grains (61.90-74.02%) followed by long bold (64.66-73.88%) and long slender (62.77 -72.52 %) at 5% and 10%, respectively. Varieties such as Pushyami, Chandra, Swarna, MTU 1239 have recorded desirable proximate composition of high protein, ash, crude fiber and low fat. Glycemic index evaluation has shown no significant difference in the glycemic index within the varieties studied. Glycemic index ranged between 56.72 -66.43 with a general mean of 60.67. Furthermore, all the varieties were categorized as medium GI varieties (56-69). Among all the varieties, Pushyami has shown the least value (56.72) for glycemic index. Correlation studies have shown a significant positive correlation among the parameters such as hulling with milling, head rice recovery and iron; 1000 grain weight with kernel length, kernel breadth; Kernel length with elongation ratio; Alkali spreading value with water uptake and kernel length; zinc with protein and ash; iron with ash. A significant negative correlation was observed as kernel breadth with L/B ratio; kernel breadth with zinc content; carbohydrate with fat. Glycemic index had no significant correlation with any of the quality traits and nutritional parameters. However, it has nonsignificant positive relation with amylose, iron and negative correlation with fiber and carbohydrates. Selection for these significant positively associated characters will improve the overall quality trait. Among the twenty varieties studied, rice varieties such as Chandra, Indra, SriDhruthi, Swarna, Samba Mahsuri, MTU 1210, MTU 1224and MTU 1262 recorded intermediate amylose, alkali spreading value, high iron, zinc, medium GI, high protein, low fat which are desirable for rice consumers predominantly diabetic population while counting for rice variety with the best quality and glycemic index.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE-ADDED BISCUITS BY INCORPORATING FINGER MILLET (Eleusine coracana) AND COLOCASIA LEAF POWDER (Colocasia antiquorum)
    (guntur, 2022-08-23) ASWINI, POTHARAJU; LAKSHMI, J.
    ABSTRACT Increase in non-communicable diseases in the country is diverting the people to increase the inclusion of green leafy vegetables and millets in their diet to reduce the diseases. Finger millet is enriched with fibre, protein, calcium, chromium, magnesium, zinc, and sufficient quantity of manganese. Colocasia leaves are concentrated sources of protein, iron, phosphorous, calcium, fibre and vitamins (vitamin C and niacin). The study was aimed to standardize the process for preparation colocasia leaf powder and finger millet incorporated biscuits and to analyze the sensory parameters, physical properties, proximates and selected minerals as well as to determine the shelf life of developed biscuits using different packaging materials. Colocasia leaf powder was prepared and nutrient analysis of powder was done by using standard analytical techniques. The finger millet flour, wheat flour and colocasia leaf powder were used in the ratios of 90:10:0 (formulation 1), 70:20:10 (formulation 2), 65:20:15 (formulation 3) to develop the biscuits. Various additional ingredients such as choco powder, tuity fruities, dessicated coconut powder, jeera powder, vamu powder and strained ginger paste were added to prepare sweet and salt biscuits with all 3 formulations and thus 18 types of biscuits were standardized. These 18 standardized biscuits were subjected to sensory evaluation using hedonic rating scale and results revealed that acceptability was high for biscuits that had 10 g of colocasia leaf powder and 70 g of finger millet flour. The highly accepted biscuits (formulation 2 of all variations) along with their control biscuits (formulation 1) were taken for estimating physical properties and nutrient content. Data on analysis of physical properties revealed that the weight of the biscuits of all variations ranged from 12-14 g. The diameter, thickness, length and spread factor of the biscuits of all variations ranged from 41-45 mm, 7.5-7.8 mm, 45 - 47.7 mm and 52.5 - 58.4 respectively. There was no increasing / decreasing trends in the weights of biscuits 1 but a gradual decrease in the diameter and spread factor of biscuits was observed with increasing the colocasia leaf powder incorporation in all the variations. Addition of colocasia leaf powder and decrease in the ragi flour decreased the ‘L’ and ‘b’ values while ‘a’ value changed from + to –. Nutrient composition of colocasia leaf powder incorporated biscuits in comparison with control biscuits (without colocasia leaves) per 100 g proved that incorporation of colocasia leaf powder increased iron, calcium, protein, fibre and fat in the biscuits even with decrease of finger millet flour. The moisture, ash, fat, protein and fibre content of all formulation 2 biscuits ranged from 2.1- 2.8 %, 1.6 - 2.1 g, 11-13 g, 5.4- 6.5 g and 7.5 – 9 g per100 g respectively. The iron, zinc and calcium content of the biscuits differed from 3.3 - 4.1 mg, 1.23-1.49 mg and 205- 256 mg per 100 g respectively. Consumption of 100 g of this formulation 2 biscuits can meet 10-12 % protein, 19-20 % fibre, 34-43 % calcium, 12-15 % zinc and 16-20 % iron of RDA for adult woman. The shelf life qualities for most accepted formulation 2 biscuits were assessed for a period of one month. For assessing the shelf life of biscuits, the biscuits were packed in two different packaging materials i.e., High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) covers and aluminum foil and then samples were sealed and kept in a clean, dry and well ventilated room for a period of one month. Biscuits were drawn once in 15 days and evaluated for sensory quality, moisture content, free fatty acid analysis and microbial analysis. Organoleptic evaluation of stored biscuits revealed significant decrease in all sensory parameters in both the packaging materials with increase in storage period. However, overall acceptability ranged between “liked slightly to liked moderately” even after the 30 days of storage in both the packaging material. Moisture and free fatty acid content of stored biscuits increased with increase in storage period from 0th day to 30th day in all biscuits stored in HDPE covers and in aluminium foil. However, the increase in moisture and free fatty acid content of biscuits stored in HDPE covers was higher than that of biscuits stored in aluminium foil as, aluminum foil has impervious nature to air, water vapor and can protect against light by acting as a catalyst for oxidation process. Microbial estimation during storage showed that the fungal colonies growth ranged from 2.00× 105 CFU/g to 3.00× 105 CFU/g and bacterial colonies ranged from 2.00× 105 CFU/g to 3.00× 105 CFU/g on 30th day of storage , The increase in microbial load was high in biscuits stored in HDPE than the biscuits stored in aluminium foil. It can be concluded from the present study that the biscuits made with millets and green leafy powders especially colocasia leaves (up to certain level) possess the potential to enter bakery industry.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DNA Fingerprinting of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes
    (guntur, 2022-08-23) SHEENA SABATINA, A.; LAL AHAMED, M.
    Thirty elite improved lines of mungbean were characterized morphologically by using PPV&FRA DUS descriptors and studied for genetic variability parameters to know the variability in the studied material. Further, the genotypes were characterized using molecular markers (RAPD, ISSR and SSR) to know diversity and utilizing them in DNA fingerprinting. The DUS descriptors, plant growth habit and plant habit, plant height, petiole colour, stem colour, stem pubescence, leaf vein colour, flower petal colour, pod colour and seed size showed no variation among the genotypes. The genotypes differed significantly for the descriptors like anthocyanin pigmentation, leaflet lobes, leaf shape, colour and size, time of flowering, premature pod colour, pod pubescence, pod position, curvature of mature pod, pod length, seed colour, lustre and shape among the genotypes indicating their utilization in characterization, registration, protection and purity maintenance. In the present study, PCV was more than the GCV for all the ten quantitative characters indicating the presence of environmental influence on character expression. Further, the genetic variability was more for the characters viz., no. of branches/ plant, no. of clusters/ plant, no. of pods/ plant and test weight. High heritability and high genetic advance for characters no. of branches/ plant, no. of clusters/ plant, no. of pods/ plant, test weight and seed yield per hectare indicated the additive gene effects role and exploitation of simple selection for these traits improvement. These genotypes were characterized using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers for DNA Fingerprinting of these genotypes. Nine RAPD and Seven ISSR and 50 SSR primers were used for the characterization while, Six RAPD, five ISSRs and 44 SSR produced scorable with clear and consistent amplification profiles. six RAPD markers produced 27 amplification products with an average of 4.6 fragments per primer. The size of the band varied from 500 bp to 2600. The PIC values ranged from 0.27 (OPN 9) to 0.50 (OPN 10, OPA 9 and OPA 19) with an xiv average of 0.42. The genetic similarity values range was zero to 0.85 indicating the presence of huge genetic diversity at molecular level among the genotypes. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped the thirty genotypes into two clusters. The genotype, LGG 709, formed a separate cluster indicating its divergent nature and utilization in the breeding programmes. The five ISSR primers produced a total of 23 amplified bands with an average of 4.6 fragments per primer, out of which 14 were found polymorphic with an average of 2.8. The size of the band varied from 500 bp to 3000 bp. PIC values ranged from 0.37 (UBC-879) to 0.50 (UBC-848) with an average of 0.43. The genetic similarity values range was zero to 0.27 indicating the presence of low genetic diversity at molecular level among the studied thirty genotypes. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped the thirty genotypes into two clusters. The genotypes, LGG 698 and LGG 709, formed a separate cluster indicating their utilization in the breeding programmes. Among the 44 SSR primers amplified, only nine SSR primers produced polymorphism and produced a total of 236 bands. The size of the bands ranged from 160-200bp. PIC values varied from 0.06 to 0.69 with an average of 0.36. The genetic similarity values range was 0.05 to 0.33. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped the thirty genotypes into two clusters. The genotypes, LGG 696, LGG 697 and LGG 698, formed into a separate cluster indicating their divergent nature from the other genotypes. The simulated DNA Fingerprinting profiles of the genotype, LGG 698, had the unique banding pattern for the primers, CEDG-008 (180bp) and CEDG-015 (180bp), CEDG-056 (180bp), CEDG-092 (180bp), GLLC-108 (180bp), PBALC-13 (180bp), PBALC-217 (180bp) and Vr SSR-014 (200bp) while, bands were absent for the primer CEDG- 068. The genotype, LGG 708, also produced unique profile as two primers, CEDG-056 at 200bp and 160bp and GLLC-108 at 200bp and 180bp, were not amplified indicating the use of these markers for this genotype identification from others. The highly informative primers identified in this study, could be utilized in generating useful molecular descriptors for fingerprinting of mungbean genotypes