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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN KRISHIKOSH : A STUDY
    (INDIAN JOURNAL OF INFORMATION, LIBRARY & SOCIETY, 2021-12-24) SREENIVASARAO, T; VEERANJANEYULU, K; RAJIV K, PATERIA
    Agriculture has always been the back bone of India's livelihood and continues to playa major role in the Indian economy after the green revolution of 1968. While . the population of the country is heading towards 1.23 billion, Indian agricultural scientists are engaged in increasing the food grain production to address the food security challenge. The importance of agricultural production in the context of global competition has occupied a significant place in the national development plan. One ofthe major constraints faced by the Indian agriculture is dissemination of knowledge generated in the research laboratories to the stake-holders, i.e. farmers and field workers. With a view to modernize the agricultural libraries, the Government of India had initiated several measures to strengthen the agricultural information access and delivery mechanism through various projects, agencies and networks. The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), the e-Granth Project and Consortium of e-Resources in Agriculture (CeRA) are some of the initiatives taken up under the National Agricultural Research System.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Library services and resources on agriculture: With reference to Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University
    (The Pharma Innovation Journal, New Delhi, 2021-12-24) SREENIVASARAO, T; LALITHA, A; RAVI KUMAR, NP
    Library has been Chief conserve of Knowledge and Ideas of Man. It is a vital link in the chain of the man’s communication. But, above all Library is a Human Enterprise. This article discusses the agricultural resources available in ANGRAU libraries and e-Resources. Services provided by the library of automation, digitization, resource sharing, LMS software, Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture (CeRA) and institutional repositories Krishikosh. The role library to updating the information in the field of agricultural society wants to be update for latest agricultural research, move forward to key role in increasing productivity and self sufficiency in agriculture information service.
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    ArticleItemOpen Access
    Social media platforms for increase the visibility of research publication
    (The Pharma Innovation Journal, New Delhi, 2021-12-24) SREENIVASARAO, TEEKANAM; RAVI KUMAR, NP
    To increase citation count researcher can choose supportive techniques for their research output. Article impact is more important for an author to promote their article reputation, to increase their university ranking and getting funds from fund providers. This article describes citation analysis, journal popularity, new methods of visibility and measures of the research work through social media. Publishing a research work is the beginning of article visibility and impact; as a result dissemination of research output has to be proactive. Author can uphold their research output in different ways. The published article information that the journal where it is published is indexed in the most common databases, especially Scopus and Web of Science, is often helpful for visibility of a paper.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS INTO ANTAGONISTIC BASIS OF ROOT ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN THE CONTROL OF CHICKPEA DRY ROOT ROT PATHOGEN (Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2021-12-21) CHIRANJEEVI, N; REDDI KUMAR, M
    A survey was conducted during January, 2017 Rabi season in five major chickpea growing districts of Andhra Pradesh viz., Kurnool, Y.S.R Kadapa, Anantapuramu, Prakasam and Guntur to assess the status of dry root rot incidence under field conditions. Mean maximum dry root rot incidence was observed in Anantapuramu (11.50 %) followed by Kurnool (9.61 %), Y.S.R Kadapa (7.92 %) and Prakasam (7.50 %) and the least was observed in Guntur (6.00 %). Disease occurrence was observed irrespective of cropping system, soil types and cultivars. The disease incidence was low in the irrigated fields compared to rainfed fields. A total of 22 isolates of R. bataticola were obtained and purified by single sclerotial isolation technique. Variability in the cultural and morphological characters of 22 isolates of R. bataticola were studied by growing on potato dextrose agar medium. Among all the isolates CRb 10 taken significantly least time (2.50 days) to occupy the full plate and higher radial growth at 42 hrs was observed with CRb 10 isolate (75.78 mm). However, fluffy colonies were produced by CRb 2 and CRb 15 isolates while, velvety colony texture was observed with CRb 13 and remaining all the isolates showed appressed colony texture. Similarly, out of 22, jet black, light black and grey colour mycelia was observed in total of seventeen, four and one isolates respectively. Among all the isolates, significantly maximum time was taken by CRb 18 isolate for sclerotial initiation and least time was taken by CRb 16 (1.83 days). However, among the isolates higher number of sclerotia per 10 x microscopic field and sclerotial size was observed with CRb 16 (33.33) and CRb 6 (119.32 µm) respectively. Similarly, among 22 isolates, irregular, ovoid and round shaped sclerotia were observed in total of 3, 9 and 10 isolates respectively. Pathogenicity of R. bataticola isolates was proved by soil inoculation method. When observations were collected on disease incidence (%), among the isolates tested maximum disease incidence (100 %) was observed in CRb 9 and it was considered as a most virulent pathogen isolate and used for further studies. A total of 40 antagonistic endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy roots of different chickpea varieties and the antagonistic efficiency was tested using dual culture technique. Among the isolates CREB 37 showed maximum antifungal efficiency with 74.04 % inhibition against virulent R. bataticola isolate CRb 9. Based on the results it was considered as a potential isolate and used for further studies. Mannitol @ 2 %, soytone @ 2 % pH 7 and temperature 30oC were found to be optimum for cell growth and antibiotic production. Similarly, significant improvement in the cell growth and antibiotic production was observed with the modified Luria broth than the basal medium (Luria broth). Crude antibiotic substances were extracted and tested their bio-efficacy against R. bataticola by agar well diffusion assay. Among the different concentrations tested significantly higher inhibition was recorded at 100 µl (77.23 %). The microscopical examination of the crude antibiotic extract treated mycelia of the R. bataticola revealed its effect on the fungal morphology. Light microscopic analysis revealed that severe mycelial destruction and the SEM images clearly explained the disruption of the fungal hyphae due to the mechanistic effect of antibiotic compounds on fungal cell wall. Among the 14 potential isolates, Gram negative (7) and Gram positive (7) were recorded in equal proportion and all were rod shaped bacteria. Out of the 14 isolates, a total of 9, 7, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 13, 6, 3 and 0 showed positive for amylolytic activity (starch hydrolysis), proteolytic activity (Gelatin hydrolysis), lactose utilization, indole production, methyl red test, Voges-Proskeur test, citrate utilization, presence of catalase activity, ammonia production, HCN production and siderophore production respectively. 16S r DNA sequence analysis was used to identify the potential bacterial isolates such as CREB 9, CREB 21 and CREB 37 and which were exhibited close similarity of 97.75, 98.48 and 93.28 per cent with Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Talc based formulation of potential endophytic bacterial isolate B. subtilis (CREB 37) was prepared and tested the bio-efficacy of formulation and crude antibiotic extract in pot culture. Under glasshouse conditions treatment T7 (seed treatment with potential bacterial antagonist (talc formulation) @ 10 g kg-1 + soil application with talc based formulation of potential bacterial antagonist @ 100 g pot-1) was found to be superior as it recorded maximum germination per cent, plant height, root length, dry weight and least per cent disease incidence compared to other treatments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF ZINC AND SILICA SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES ON CROP GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIRECT SOWN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2021-12-21) VINOD BABU, s; VIJAYA GOPAL, A
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the important staple food for more than 50 % of the world’s population providing major source of the food energy. Rice plays a crucial role in Indian agriculture contributing to 20-25 % of agricultural income. It contributes about 43% of the total food grain production and about 46 % of the total cereal production in India. Depending on water and labour paucity, farmers are altering rice establishment methods from transplanting to direct seeding in unpuddled soil as it is possible to save water and labour wages etc. In direct sown rice, zinc and silica deficiencies were observed in most of the rice growing areas of India posing a threat to the crop plant growth and yield. Keeping in view of future requirements and present needs this study was framed to develop bacterial inoculants for zinc and silica solubilisation in direct sown rice. A total of thirty two zinc solubilising bacterial inoculants and twenty eight silica solubilising bacterial inoculants were isolated from Kurnool district (Mandals of Atmakur, Kothapalle, Jupadu bungalow, Pamulapadu and Velugodu), Prakasam district (Mandals of Tripuranthakam, Yerragondapalem, Dornala, Markapuram and Giddalur), Guntur district (Mandals of Vinukonda, Narasaraopet, Chilakaluripet, Sattenapalle and Piduguralla) and Anantapur district (Mandals of Guntakal, Gooty, Pamidi, Tadipatri and Uravakonda). After through screening for different plant growth promoting characteristics i.e., zinc solubilization efficiency, silica solubilization efficiency, phosphate solubilization efficiency, potassium releasing efficiency, exopolysaccharide production activity, indole acetic acid production activity, siderophore production activity and different biochemical tests, two efficient zinc solubilizing bacterial isolates and two efficient silica solubilizing bacterial isolates were selected. The efficient isolates were identified as ZnKJJ-4 (Pseudomonas knackmussii B13 - 99.80 % identity), ZnPGG-1 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FQM - 99.66 %), SiKPP-1(Bacillus mucilaginosus strain CGMCC 1.2326 - 99.95 % identity), SiPYY-3 (Bacillus megaterium PSB1 - 99.92 % identity) by using 16S rRNA phylogenetic study. Further, shelf life of efficient zinc and silica solubilizing bacterial isolates were studied using different carrier material (Lignite, peat and charcoal powder) to check the viability in a period of six months of storage in the incubator at 250C. Zinc solubilizing bacterial isolates survived better in the lignite. Silica solubilizing bacterial isolates persisted in charcoal powder. Pot culture and field trials were conducted with efficient zinc and silica solubilizing bacterial isolates and their consortia (ZnKJJ-4 + ZnPGG-1 + SiKPP-1 + SiPYY-3) in combination with different treatments and recommended dose of fertilizer. In the pot culture experiment, significantly highest zinc solubilizing bacteria (6.94 Log CFU g-1 soil), silica solubilizing bacteria (6.98 Log CFU g-1 soil), total bacteria (9.85 Log CFU g-1soil), fungal population (5.37 Log CFU g-1 soil) and actinomycetes population (6.68 Log CFU g-1 soil) were observed in T13 (RDF + ZnKJJ-4 & ZnPGG- 1 + SiKPP-1 & SiPYY-3) at 90 DAS. Highest chlorophyll content (1.94 mg g-1), dry matter production (47.7 gm pot-1),available nitrogen (249.4 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (61.8 kg ha-1), available potassium (347.9 kg ha-1), zinc (0.99 ppm) and silica content (90.8 ppm) in soil was highest in T13 in pot culture experiment. Highest dehydrogenase activity (574.7 μg TPF g-1 day-1), acid phosphatase activity (85.36 μg pNP g-1 h-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (138.69 μg pNP g-1 h-1) and urease activity (69.61 μg TPF g-1 day-1) in soil was observed in T13. Highest nitrogen (0.99 %), phosphorous (0.58 %) and potassium (2.18 %) percentage in plant was found in T13 at 90 DAS in pot culture. Similarly, zinc (0.75 ppm) and silica (0.99 ppm) content in plant and also total zinc (0.39 ppm) and silica (0.89 ppm) content in grain were highest in T13 in pot culture experiment at 90 DAS. Plant height at 90 DAS (75 cm), panicle length (17.4 cm panicle-1), number of grains per panicle (145 panicle-1), number of filled grains per panicle (127 panicle-1), 1000 grain weight (17.1 g), grain yield (27.9 g pot-1) and straw yield (49.7 g pot-1) were significantly higher in T13 when compared to the other treatments in pot culture. In the field studies, T13 (RDF + ZnKJJ-4 & ZnPGG- 1 + SiKPP-1 & SiPYY-3) at 90 DAS recorded significantly highest zinc solubilizing bacteria (6.98 Log CFU g-1 soil), silica solubilizing bacteria (6.94 Log CFU g-1 soil), total bacteria (9.96 Log CFU g-1 soil), fungal population (5.48 Log CFU g-1 soil) and actinomycetes population (6.89 Log CFU g-1 soil). Highest chlorophyll content (2.04 mg g-1), dry matter production (2547kg ha-1), available nitrogen (262.3 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (64.7 kg ha-1), available potassium (349.6 kg ha-1), zinc (1.14 ppm) and silica (98.9 ppm) content in soil were found highest in T13. Highest dehydrogenase activity (583.6 μg TPF g-1 day- 1), acid phosphatase activity (90.18 μg pNP g-1 h-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (148.69 μg pNP g-1 h-1) and urease activity (72.72 μg TPF g-1 day-1) in soil was observed in T13. Highest nitrogen (1.10 %), phosphorous (0.67 %) and potassium (2.29 %) percentage as well as zinc (0.96 ppm) and silica (1.08 ppm) content in plant were found in T13 at 90 DAS in field conditions. Under field conditions, T13 recorded highest total zinc (0.58 ppm) and silica (0.98 ppm) content in grain. Plant height at 90 DAS (77.1 cm), total number of tillers per m2 (496), panicle length (18.2 cm panicle-1), number of grains per panicle (157 panicle-1), number of filled grains per panicle (140 panicle-1), 1000 grain weight (19.2g), grain yield (5523 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6893 kg ha-1) were significantly higher in T13 when compared to the other treatments. The present investigation showed influence of efficient zinc and silica solubilizing microorganisms on the plant growth and yield of direct sown paddy crop under pot culture and field conditions. Zinc and silica solubilising bacteria along with RDF (T13) enhanced the availability N, P, K, Zn and Si nutrients in the soil and nutrient content in plant, improved the enzymatic activity, soil microflora, soil health and fertility status of the soil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) IN SWEET CORN”
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-09) LAVAN KUMAR REDDY, MONDEM; . RAJESH, Dr. A
    Investigations on “Seasonal incidence and management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sweet corn” were carried out at Dryland farm and Insectory of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, during kharif 2019. Investigations on seasonal incidence of S. frugiperda in sweet corn with three dates of sowing viz., early sowing (15th June), mid sowing (1st July) and late sowing (16th July) revealed that the incidence of S. frugiperda started from 12 to 17 days after sowing in all the three dates of sowing, attained peak at 25-45 days after sowing and remained on the crop till harvest. Correlation studies between weather parameters and incidence of S. frugiperda in early, mid and late sown sweet corn revealed a significant negative correlation with rainfall in early as well as late sowing and morning and evening relative humidity in mid sown crop. The results of the field experiment on evaluation of various insecticides against S. frugiperda revealed that, all the insecticide treatments tested were effective in management of S. frugiperda than the untreated control. The order of efficacy in terms of overall per cent reduction of mean larvae per plant over control was emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with Battery operated sprayer (BOS) > emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with Taiwan Sprayer (TS) > novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with BOS > novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with TS > spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with BOS > spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with TS > emamectin benzoate w@ 0.6 g/l with BOS > emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with TS > novaluron @ 1.0 ml/l with BOS > novaluron @ 1.0 ml/l with TS, > spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with BOS > spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with TS. The order of efficacy in terms of overall per cent reduction of mean number of damaged leaves per plant over control was emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with BOS followed by emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with TS, novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with TS, spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with BOS, spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with TS, emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/l with BOS, emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/l xiv with TS, novaluron @ 1.0 ml/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1.0 ml/l with TS, spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with BOS and spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with TS. The lowest per cent cob damage inflicted by S. frugiperda larvae on sweet corn was recorded in the treatment emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with BOS followed by emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with TS, emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/l with TS, emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with TS, spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with BOS, spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1.0 ml/l with BOS, spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with TS, novaluron @ 1ml/l with TS and spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with TS. The highest green cob yield recorded in the treatment emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with BOS followed by emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with TS, emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/l with BOS, emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 g/l with TS, novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with TS, novaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1.0 ml/l with BOS, spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with BOS, novaluron @ 1ml/l with TS, spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with BOS, spinosad @ 0.45 ml/l with TS, spinosad @ 0.3 ml/l with TS andnovaluron @ 1.5 ml/l with TS. The treatment emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with BOS resulted in significantly low green cob damage and significantly higher cob yield than the other treatments, indicating the superiority of emamectin benzoate @ 0.6 g/l with BOS in managing S. frugiperda in sweet corn. Among the three species of trichogrammatids evaluated the highest percent parasitization and adult emergence was in the order of Trichogramma pretiosum> Trichogramma chilonis>Trichogramma japonicum.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS BIOFERTILIZERS ON DYNAMICS AND FRACTIONS OF SOIL P AND PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-09) PRATHYUSHA, T.; LALITHA KUMARI, Dr. A.
    A field experiment on “Effect of phosphorus biofertilizers on dynamics and fractions of soil P and performance of maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2019. The experimental soil was clay in texture, slightly alkaline in nature, non-saline, medium in organic carbon, medium in available nitrogen, high in available phosphorus, high in potassium and sufficient in all micro nutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu). The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine treatments replicated thrice.The treatments comprised of T1- Control ( without P ), T2 - 100% Recommended Dose of Phosphorus (RDP), T3 - 100% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1 , T4 - 100% RDP + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 , T5 - 75% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1 , T6 - 75% RDP + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 , T7 – PSB @ 1 L ha-1 , T8 –VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 , T9 - PSB @ 1 L ha-1 + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 . Well decomposed farmyard manure @ 5 t ha-1 was applied before sowing. A common dose of nitrogen @ 200 kg ha-1 was applied in the form of urea in four equal splits i.e., 1/4 as basal, 1/4 at knee high, 1/4 at tasseling and 1/4 at 60 DAS. Recommended dose of P2O5 @ 60 kg ha-1 was applied as per the treatments as basal just before sowing through single super phosphate. A common dose of 50 kg K2O ha-1was applied as muriate of potash, in two equal splits as half at basal and half at tasseling stage. Biofertilizers viz., PSB@ 1 L ha-1 and VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 were mixed with farm yard manure and applied as per the treatments. xviii To study the influence of various treatments on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, soil physico-chemical properties, available nutrients, Pfractions and P dynamics, nutrient content and uptake at different stages and protein content in kernel were determined by standard procedures. The findings of the experiment revealed that the soil physico-chemical (pH and EC) at knee high, tasseling and harvest stage and chemical properties (N, K2O, Fe, Mn and Cu ) were not markedly influenced at tasseling and harvest stage of maize by the imposed treatments. However, application of different levels of phosphorus along with biofertilizers significantly influenced P2O5 and zinc status of the soil at tasseling and harvest stages. The P fractions (saloid-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P and total –P) were significantly influenced by application of 100% RDP .Available P and Saloid-P were higher in surface soil (0-15cm) than sub surface soil (15-30cm) and were significantly influenced by application of 100% RDP along with biofertilizers. There was a significant improvement in the drymatter accumulation, yield attributes, kernel and stover yield of maize with application 100% RDP + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 (T4) and it was on par with T3 (100% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1 )and T2 (100% Recommended Dose of Phosphorus (RDP)). Lowest was recorded in T1 [Control (without P)]. The N, K, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plant were not significantly influenced among the imposed treatments whereas P, S and Zn were significantly influenced by the treatments. Significant increase in nutrient (N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) uptake was recorded with 100% RDP + VAM @ 12.5 kg ha-1 (T4 ) when compared to T1 [Control (without P)]. The protein content was not significantly influenced with the imposed treatments although highest protein content was recorded with 100% RDP +VAM@12.5 kg ha-1 (T4) followed by 100% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1 (T3) From the present investigation, it can be concluded that 100% RDP +VAM@12.5 kg ha-1 (T4) performed better in giving maximum yield and nutrient uptake followed by 100% RDP + PSB @ 1 L ha-1 (T3). The combined application of inorganic fertilizer + biofertilizer proved significantly superior over control and biofertilizers alone in obtaining better growth and higher yield of maize.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF SOIL HEALTH IN RICE GROWING AREAS OF BAPATLA MANDAL OF GUNTUR DISTRICT
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-09) SOWJANYA, BONIGALADr. CH. BHARGAVA RAMI REDDY; BHARGAVA RAMI REDDY, Dr. CH.
    An investigation entitled “Assessment of soil health in rice growing areas of Bapatla mandal of Guntur district” was carried out to assess the soil health in different rice based cropping systems in Bapatla mandal, Guntur district. Places were selected and surface soils were dug vertically down at a depth of 0-15cm and samples were collected for analysis from farmers fields in four different rice based cropping systems in Bapatla mandal. The coordinates at each location were recorded by using GPS co-ordinates. The present study area, Bapatla Mandal occupies a geographic extent of about 30km2 and the decennial average rainfall is about 1031.1mm of which 621 mm is received during the south-west monsoon, 319.5 mm in the north-east monsoon and 90.4 mm during the rest of the year. Globally this mandal lies between 160 56’ 87.586’’ to 150 54’’ north latitude and 780 31’ 1.298’’ to 800 30’ east longitude. The town experiences tropical climate with the average annual temperatures records at 28.40 C (83.10 F). Hot summers and cool winters are observed due to its proximity to the coast of Bay of Bengal. It receives both South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon as well. It is most affected by the cyclonic storms that occur on the east coast. Critical analysis of the data revealed that soils of the study area in general were dominantly fine textured clay followed by sandy and sandy clay loam. The WHC was found to be high in Rice-Pulse cropping system (54.10%) and lowest WHC was found in Rice-Groundnut (15.43%) cropping system. Bulk density was found to be high in Rice-Groundnut (1.54 Mg m-3 ) cropping system whereas lowest bulk density was reported in Rice-Sorghum (1.26 Mg m-3 ) cropping system. Aggregate stability% was found to be very high to high in Rice-Pulse cropping system ranged from 50.05-70.47% with a mean value of 60.03% whereas no soil aggregation was reported in Rice-Groundnut cropping system as the soils were sandy in texture. xvi pH of the soils were reported neutral to strongly alkaline in reaction. Overall EC of soil samples varied from 0.07-1.78 dS m-1 with a mean values of 0.17 and 0.82 dS m-1 respectively. The results revealed that 100% of soil samples were found under normal category ( non-saline). CEC of soils were found to be high in Rice-Pulse cropping system ranged from 48.1-54.8 cmol (p+ ) kg-1 with a mean value of 52.73 cmol (p+ ) kg-1 whereas lowest CEC was found in Rice-Groundnut cropping system ranged from 5.6-7.8 cmol (p+ ) kg-1 with a mean value of 6.33 cmol (p+ ) kg-1 . Organic carbon percent was found to be low in all the soil samples. Highest percent of OC was reported in Rice-Sorghum cropping system ranged from 0.28-0.47% with a mean value of 0.36% and lowest value was reported in Rice-Groundnut cropping system ranged from 0.12-0.28% with a mean value of 0.20% The available nitrogen content of all the soil samples were found to be low (90%). The available phosphorus content was found to be low to medium. Available potassium content was found to be high in almost all the soil samples (91.6%). Available sulphur content was found to be sufficient in black soils and in sandy soils it was found to be deficient. Among the DTPA extracted micronutrients iron, manganese and copper was found to be sufficient in almost all the soil samples and zinc was found to be deficient in majority of the soil samples. Dehydrogenase and urease activity was found to be normal in range in most of the soil samples. Active carbon pools ( MBC, WSC, KMnO4 oxidisable carbon and K2Cr2O7 oxidisable carbon) was reported low as the soils were low in organic carbon. Soil quality index for all the four different rice based cropping systems was calculated and the SQI values were 320, 259, 309 and 315 in Rice-Pulse, Rice-Groundnut, RiceMaize and Rice-Sorghum cropping systems respectively. The relative soil quality index (RSQI) values were 80 (class II), 64 (classIV), 77 (class III) and 78 (class III) in Rice-Pulse, Rice-Groundnut, Rice-Maize and Rice-Sorghum cropping systems respectively. Correlation among rice yields and clay percent showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.768**), WHC showed positive correlation (r=0.824), organic carbon showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.933**) nitrogen showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.956**) phosphorus showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.931**) potassium showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.951**) zinc showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.632**) iron showed positive correlation (r=0.636) manganese showed significant positive correlation (r=0.621*) copper showed positive correlation (r=0.666) dehydrogenase activity showed positive correlation (r=0.793) and urease activity showed highly significant positive correlation (r=0.671**)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL NUTRIENT TRANSFORMATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF DIRECT SOWN RICE (Oryza sativa) AS INFLUENCED BY LIQUID BIOFERTILIZERS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2021-12-09) PRASANTH NAIK, B.; . LALITHA KUMARI, Dr. A
    A field experiment entitled “soil nutrient transformations and performance of direct sown rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by liquid biofertilizers” was conducted during kharif, 2019 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh. The experimental soil was sandy clay in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction. The soil was medium in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, high in available potassium and sufficient in all available divalent cationic micronutrients (Zn, Fe. Mn and Cu). The experiment was laid out in RBD with eleven treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of T1-Control , T2 -100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF), T3 - 100% RDF + Azospirillum , T4 - 100% RDF + Azospirillum +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB), T5 - 100% RDF + Azospirillum + Potassium releasing bacteria (KRB), T6 -100% RDF + Azospirillum +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) + Potassium releasing bacteria (KRB), T7 – 75% RDF + Azospirillum, T8 -75% RDF + Azospirillum + PSB, T9 -75% RDF + Azospirillum + KRB, T10 -75% RDF + Azospirillum + PSB + KRB, T11 - Azospirillum + PSB + KRB. A recommended dose of nitrogen @ 180 kg ha-1 was applied as per the treatments in the form of urea in three equal splits i.e., 1/3 as basal, 1/3 at active tillering and 1/3 at panicle initiation stage. Phosphorus in the form of single super phosphate was applied as per the treatments as basal just before sowing. A recommended dose of 40 kg K2O ha-1 was applied as per the treatments in the form of muriate of potash, in two equal splits as half at basal and half at panicle initiation stage. Vermicompost was mixed with biofertilizers viz., Azospirillum, PSB and KRB@ 1L ha-1 were applied a as per the treatments. xxi To study the influence of various treatments, data on growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, soil physic-chemical properties, available nutrients, microbial populations and enzyme activity, nutrient transformations (N, P and K fractions), nutrient content and uptake at different stages were determined by standard procedures. The findings of the experiment revealed that the soil physico-chemical properties (pH, EC and OC) and chemical properties (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) were not markedly influenced at tillering, panicle initiation and harvest stage of direct sown rice by the imposed treatments. However, application of different levels of fertilizers along with liquid biofertilizers significantly increased N, P and K status of the soil, microbial populations and enzyme activity at tillering, panicle initiation and harvest stage. The N fractions (ammonical-N, nitrate-N and total-N) were significantly influenced by the application of 100% RDF along with liquid biofertilizers. The P fractions (Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P) and K fractions (exchangeable-K, nonexchangeable-K and fixed-K) were significantly increased by the 100%RDF. Whereas, saloid-P and water soluble –K were significantly improved by the application of 100% RDF along with biofertilizers. There was significant improvement in the drymatter accumulation, yield attributes, grain and straw yield of direct sown rice with the application of 100% RDF + Azospirillum +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) + Potassium releasing bacteria (KRB) (T6). However this was on par with 100% RDF + Azospirillum + Potassium releasing bacteria (KRB) (T5) and 100% RDF + Azospirillum +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) (T4). While the lowest drymatter, grain and straw yield were recorded in control (T1). The Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plant were not significantly varied among the imposed treatments whereas N, P and K were significantly influenced by the treatments. Significant increase in nutrient (N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) uptake was recorded with 100% RDF + Azospirillum +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) + Potassium releasinging bacteria (KRB) (T6) when compared to control (T1). From the present investigation, it can be concluded that 100% RDF + Azospirillum +Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) + Potassium releasing bacteria (KRB) (T6) performed better in giving maximum yield and nutrient uptake. This combined methods (inorganic fertilizer + liquid biofertilizers) proved significantly superior over control and biofertilizers alone in obtaining good growth and yield of direct sown rice.