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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPE RIPENED CHILLI HARVESTER
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PRABHAKARA RAO, T; RAMANA, C
    India is the world’s largest producer, consumer and exporter of chilli. Chillies are cultivated mainly in tropical and sub-tropical countries like India, Japan, Mexico, Turkey, United states of America and African countries. Chilli is believed to have been introduced to India by Portuguese explorers at Goa in 17th century. The fruit of chilli plants have a variety of names depending on place and type. It is commonly called chilli pepper, red or green pepper, or sweet pepper in Britain, and typically just capsicum in Australian and Indian English. In Indian subcontinent, chillies are produced throughout the year. Two crops are produced in kharif and Rabi seasons in the country. Chilli grown best at 20–30°C temperatures, growth and yields suffer when temperatures exceed 30°C or drops below 15°C for extended periods. Now-a-days, cost of cultivation of chilli is increased day by day due to indiscriminate use of inputs like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides and also scarcity of labour. The major harvest season is between December-March with supply reaching peak levels in February-April. Planting is held mainly during August-October. Chilli cultivation needs more number of labourers for harvesting apart from the usual field operations such as sowing, weeding, pesticide applications, etc. as compared to other field crops. It is harvested (picking) 2 to 4 times and these harvestings are within a short span of time to get the quality produce, otherwise market price of chilli will be reduced. High cost and dearth of labour for hand harvest has resulted in increased chilli production cost declining even as consumption grows. Mechanization is only the way to reduce the cost of harvest and there by cost of production to make farmer comfortable with cost of harvest. The experimental set up was designed with two counter rotating double helical rollers of each length 200 cm and overall diameter 14 cm. The base frame was developed with the height of 100 cm, width of 85 cm and length of 160 cm to house the double helical rollers inside of the base frame. The rollers were fixed in the base frame inclined to the horizontal. The electrical motor was used as a prime mover to operate the double helical rollers at required speed for harvesting of ripens chilli pods. The experimental set up was tested to optimize the design parameters to get the maximum harvesting efficiency.The experimental unit of chilli harvester was fabricated to accommodate four different gaps between two rollers and four rotational speeds of counter rotating double helical rollers. The pulleys were changed on the double helical roller to get the four numbers of speeds like 289 rpm, 393 rpm, 484 rpm and 658 rpm by keeping constant pulley on power source. The four numbers of gaps were provided between the two rollers as 31cm, 32cm, 33cm and 340cm. The chilli harvester efficiency was calculated and varied from 29% to 31%. The harvesting efficiency of experimental set up was not in the acceptable range. The experimental set up was tested in all possible operating parameter combinations. The computed harvesting efficiency of machine observed at rollers speed of 289 rpm and rollers having gap of 320 mm was 9.41% at 2.0 km. h-1 forward speed. Likewise efficiency of machine at 330 mm gap of rollers was 9.97%, 14.00% efficiency was got at 340 mm space between rollers and 13.88% machine efficiency was observed at 350 mm gap between rollers with same 289 rpm of rollers speed with 2.0 km. h-1 forward speed. The roller speed was changed to 393 rpm and the computed resultant efficiencies of machine were 15.65%, 21.04%, 42.16% and 43.78% at rollers gap 320, 330, 340 and 350 mm respectively. The machine was run at 2.0 km. h-1 forward speed 481 rpm rollers speed with 320, 330, 340 and 350 mm space between rollers and computed efficiencies were 15.50%, 46.09%, 73.21% and 64.95% respectively. The efficiencies of machine at 658 rpm rollers speed with variable gaps between rollers 320, 330, 340 and 350 mm were 15.81%, 65.52%, 73.75% and 67.02%, respectively at same forward speed 2.0 km. h-1. In the similar way the machine was tested at 3.5 km. h-1 forward speed with variable gaps between rollers 320, 330, 340 and 350 mm at variable roller speeds 289, 393, 481 and 658 rpm respectively. The maximumefficiency 59.52% at rollers speed 658 rpm with gap 340 mm and minimum efficiency was observed 7.04% at 289 rpm rollers speed with gap between rollers 320 mm. The maximum mechanical damage of the harvested crop was 3.6%. The experimental set up was modified with regards power supply to double helical rollers, rotational speed and gap between the two rollers. The prototype ripened chilli harvester was fabricated with optimized design parameters and hitched to the high clearance tractor with help of two linkages. The power was transmitted to run the double helical rollers from the high clearance tractor PTO. The machine was evaluated in the farmers fields at Murikipadu village in Guntur district. The prototype harvester was operated with the optimized combinations of rollers speed and gap between two rollers like S1G1, S1G2, S1G3, S1G4, S2G1, S2G2, S2G3, S2G4, S3G1, S3G2, S3G3, S3G4, S4G1, S4G2, S4G3 and S4G4. The prototype chilli harvester was evaluated at each combination of rollers and the harvesting efficiency of prototype ripen chilli harvester was 72.08% at the speed 2.0 km. h-1 and roller gap of 340 mm. Thecalculated efficiencies were compared with existing practice of harvesting in manual harvesting. The labour required for harvesting of ripened chilli varied from 350 to 400 man.days per acreand approximate cost incurred for pickings was Rs.93750/- per acre whereas mechanical harvesting with developed machine was Rs.1567 per picking and for two pickings it is Rs.3134 per acre (Rs.7835/- per hectare). More importantly the labour saving was 98% and 2904 man hours when compared to manual harvesting.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF FARMER PRODUCER ORGANISTIONS (FPOs) IN KURNOOL DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SUNEESHA, G; BHAVANI DEVI, I
    The present study entitled “A Study on Performance of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh” was intended to examine various economic activities, technical efficiency, marketing practices, price spread and constraints of production and marketing on FPO and non-FPO farms. Kurnool district was purposively selected for present study as the district is having nine actively functioning FPOs (six under NABARD and three under SFAC). The list of the mandals along with corresponding number of FPO farmers was prepared. One mandal from the district with maximum number of FPO farmers was selected purposively. The selected FPO was found xii covering four villages in Dhone mandal. Hence all the four villages in the mandal were purposively selected for present study. All the FPO farmers in selected villages were listed out and 40 farmers were randomly selected. Another sample of 40 non-FPO farmers from the same villages were also randomly selected to serve as a control group. The information related to the present study was collected using a well-defined and pre-tested schedule through personal interview method. Detailed information was collected from the sample farms and it pertained to the agricultural year 2016-2017. Tabular analysis and linear programming technique (DEA) were employed to analyse the set objectives. The average size of the farm was 2.375 ha on FPOs and 2.6 ha on non- FPOs. The per hectare value of assets for FPOs was Rs.13,13,069 and the same for non-FPOs was Rs. 13,35,00. Total human labour utilized was 171 and 161.2 man days per hectare on onion FPO and non-FPO farms. On an average the total cost of cultivation per hectare of onion was Rs. 1,07,958 on FPO farms and Rs. 1,05,031 on non-FPO farms. The price per quintal was more on FPO farms with Rs. 920 compared to Rs.831 on non-FPO farms. The gross income realized on FPO farms was higher with Rs. 1,97,800 as against Rs. 1,61,600 on non-FPO farms., The net income was higher on FPO farms with Rs. 89,842 compared to Rs. 56,568 per hectare on non-FPO onion farms. Total human labour utilized was 104.38 (100 per cent) and 100.4 (100 per cent) man days per hectare on groundnut FPO and non-FPO farms respectively. The total cost of cultivation per hectare of groundnut was Rs. 58,142 on FPO and Rs. 57,526 on non-FPO farms. The price per quintal was slightly more on FPO farms with Rs. 4482 against to Rs.4380 on non- FPO farms. In groundnut the gross income realized on FPO farms was slightly higher with Rs. 78,804 as against Rs. 74,030 on non-FPO farms. The xiii net income was higher on FPO farms with Rs. 20,661 compared to Rs. 16,503 per hectare on non-FPO farms. Between FPO farms and non-FPO farms of onion and groundnut, FPO farms were better off in respect of OTE, PTE and SE than non-FPO farms in both onion and groundnut crops. The analysis of price spread in onion marketing revealed that the producer was getting higher share of consumer’s rupee in Channel I (80.29 per cent) than that of Channel II (58.1 per cent). The same trend was observed in the case of groundnut also, where the producer was getting higher share of consumer’s rupee in Channel I (80.71 per cent) than that of Channel II (78.4 per cent). Major problem putforth by both FPO farmers and non-FPO farmers was labour shortage during the crop growth period. Pests and diseases was another problem as ventilated by 70 per cent of FPO farmers and 72.5 per cent of non-FPO farmers.
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    OtherItemOpen Access
    TECHNO-STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS FOR PROFITABLE AGRICULTURE
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2018) Dr. V. Padma; Dr. V. Padma, Dr. Lal Ahamed M., Dr. M. Raghavendra, Mr. S. Vinod Babu, Ms. D. Swarajya Lakshmi