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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF ECOFRIENDLY TECHNIQUES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF STEM BORERS, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) AND Sesamia inferens (Walker) IN MAIZE
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) ANIL KUMAR, K; MADHUMATHI, T
    Investigations on the effect of organic amendments at high and normal densities of maize on the incidence of stem borer, influence of morphological and biochemical plant characters of maize on the stem borer incidence, evaluation of organics and botanicals in the management of stem borer were conducted at College Farm and Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla and a roving survey was conducted in Guntur and Krishna districts of Andhra Pradesh to ascertain the occurrence of maize stem borers. All these experiments were conducted for four consecutive seasons i.e., on kharif 2017-18, rabi 2017-18, kharif 2018-19 and rabi 2018-19 on Chilo partellus Swinhoe (in kharif) and Sesamia inferens Walker (in rabi) The two plant densities (main plots) of maize tested were on par with each other with regard to the stem borer infestation and organic amendments (sub plots) significantly differed from others with lowest per cent leaf infestation (12.23%), dead hearts (1.48%), stem tunneling (2.66%), number of exit holes (0.45), number of larvae (0.31) and number of pupae (0.18) observed in untreated control and highest leaf infestation (22.91%), dead hearts (5.36%), stem tunneling (16%), number of exit holes (1.55), number of larvae (1.00) and number of pupae (0.74) in RDF treatment against C. partellus during kharif 2017-18 & 18-19. Similarly during rabi the same trend was followed with lowest per cent leaf infestation (16.0%), dead hearts (3.25%), stem tunneling (8.52%), number of exit holes (0.93), number of larvae (0.63) and number of pupae (0.28) observed in untreated control and highest leaf infestation (29.54%), dead hearts (7.32%), stem tunneling (17.47%), number of exit holes (2.16), number of larvae (1.36) and number of pupae (0.75) in RDF treatment against S. inferens. However all the organic amendments alone treated plots are on par with untreated control having lower infestation levels and yields while organic manures + 75% RDF treated plots are almost on par with RDF treated plots in terms of infestation levels and yield of maize. xxii Correlations of morphological plant characters with stem borer incidence revealed that some of morphological characters have correlation with the stem borer infestation and showed significance in both normal plant density and high plant density of maize. During kharif 2017-18 & 2018-19 the morphological plant characters like number of nodes, plant height, cob height, leaf length and leaf width recorded nonsignificant positive correlation with leaf infestation and dead hearts by C. partellus. Significant positive correlations with leaf infestation and dead heart damage were observed with cob length, internodal length, stem diameter, 100 grain weight and dry matter. However, significant negative correlation was observed between leaf infestation, dead heart and trichome density. Similar results were also observed with high density planting. During rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19, the morphological plant characters like cob height, leaf length, leaf width recorded non-significant positive correlations while, number of nodes, plant height, cob length, internodal length, stem diameter, 100 grain weight recorded significant positive correlation with S. inferens leaf infestation and dead heart damage whereas, trichome density recorded significant negative correlation. At high density, the morphological characters like number of nodes, plant height, cob height, leaf length, leaf width, total dry matter of the plant, cob length recorded nonsignificant correlation with S. inferens leaf infestation and dead heart damage whereas 100 grain weight, internodal length and stem diameter showed significant correlation with both leaf infestation and dead heart damage. During kharif 2017-18 & 2018-19, at 45 days after sowing (normal plant density), the biochemical plant characters like nitrogen, carbohydrate and protein recorded significant correlation with leaf infestation of C.partellus while, phenols recorded non-significant negative correlation. Similar correlation results were observed at 75 days after sowing. During rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19, at 45 days after sowing (normal plant density), the biochemical plant characters like nitrogen, carbohydrate and protein recorded significant correlation with leaf infestation of S. inferens while, phenols recorded non-significant negative correlation. Similar correlation results were observed at 75 days after sowing. Survey conducted during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19 revealed that in Guntur district, the least infestation of maize by C. partellus in terms of per cent leaf infestation (12.37%), dead heart percentage (8.64%), stem tunneling length (1.83), no. of larvae (0.32), no. of pupae (0.17) and no. of exit holes (0.33) was observed in Narasaraopet mandal. The highest per cent leaf infestation (23.39%), with high dead heart percentage (21.56%) recorded in Pedanandipadu mandal while, Ponnur recorded highest tunneling length (3.6) and found more no. of larvae (0.49), no. of pupae (0.29) and no. of exit holes (0.58) compared to other mandals surveyed. In Krishna district, Veerullapadu mandal recorded the least infestation of maize by C. partellus in terms of per cent leaf infestation (10.25%), dead heart percentage (6.67%), stem tunneling length (1.87) and found less no. of larvae (0.24), no. of pupae (0.11) and no. of exit holes (0.23) and Musunuru mandal recorded the highest per cent leaf infestation (22.66%), dead heart percentage (20.16%), tunnel length (3.00) and found more no. of larvae (0.42), no. of pupae (0.22) and no. of exit holes (0.48) compared to other mandals surveyed during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19. More number of spiders and coccinellids were recorded in Pedanandipadu mandal (2.96 & 7.09) and xxiii least in Narsaraopet mandal (1.58 & 3.82) of Guntur district and in Krishna district more number of spiders and coccinellids were recorded in Musunuru mandal (3.53 & 7.33) and least in Veerullapadu mandal (1.40 & 3.68). During rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19, Narasaraopet mandal recorded the least infestation of maize by S. inferens in terms of per cent leaf infestation (18.28%), dead heart percentage (15.16%), stem tunneling length (2.66) and found less no. of larvae (0.39), no. of pupae (0.22) and Battiprolu mandal recorded the least no. of exit holes (0.38). However, Ponnur mandal recorded the highest per cent leaf infestation (28.05%) with stem tunneling length (5.71), Battiprolu mandal recorded highest dead heart percentage (22.66%) and no. of pupae (0.34), Pedanandipadu mandal recorded more no. of larvae (0.63), and no. of exit holes (0.48) compared to other mandals surveyed in Guntur district. In Krishna district, Veerullapadu mandal recorded the least infestation of maize by S. inferens in terms of per cent leaf infestation (15.33), dead heart percentage (12.97), stem tunneling length (2.10) and found less no. of larvae (0.24), no. of pupae (0.18) and no. of exit holes (0.17) and Mylavaram mandal recorded the highest per cent leaf infestation (24.28), dead heart percentage (21.26) and musunuru mandal recorded highest tunnel length (3.81) and G. Konduru found more no. of larvae (0.51), Mylavaram mandal recorded more no. of pupae (0.33) and no. of exit holes (0.57). More number of spiders and coccinellids were recorded in Battiprolu mandal (2.42); Ponnuru mandal (4.74) and least in Narsaraopet mandal (1.39), Battiprolu (3.54) in Guntur district and more number of spiders recorded in Mylavaram mandal (2.69), coccinellids in Musunuru mandal (7.12) and least in Veerullapadu mandal (1.18; 2.58). During kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19 carbofuran 3G@ 12.5 kg ha-1 recorded 47.7 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation of maize by C. partellus over untreated control (UTC), lowest per cent dead hearts (2.28%) followed by NSKE (5%) which recorded 35.2 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation over UTC with 4.33% dead hearts. However, UTC recorded highest dead hearts (8.52%) by C. partellus. Similarly, during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 carbofuran 3G @ 12.5 kg ha-1 found to be the best over other treatments and recorded 45 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation of maize by S. inferens over UTC, lowest per cent dead hearts (7.05%) followed by NSKE (5%) which recorded 33.7 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation over UTC with 8.00% dead hearts. However UTC recorded highest dead hearts (13.96%). The data of stem tunneling, exit holes, larvae of C. partellus and S. inferens also followed the same trend. The results of benefit to cost ratio inferred NSKE (5%) as the best treatment in reducing the C.partellus infestation and increasing of yields with 3.89 in kharif and 2.99 in rabi. It was followed by carbofuran 3G @ 12.5 kg ha-1 with 2.53 in kharif and 2.35 in rabi. All other botanicals and organics tested proved to be ineffective and showed very low benefit to cost ratios. The pooled data (four seasons) pertaining to effect of botanicals and organics on natural enemies showed highest number of spiders in UTC (1.15), NSKE (5%) (1.10) and cow urine (10%) (1.06) and lowest number of spiders found in carbofuran 3G@ 12.5 kg ha-1 (0.38) and panchagavya (3%) (0.51). Similarly, highest number of coccinellids were recorded in UTC (1.38), NSKE (5%) (1.34) and cow urine (10%) (1.25) and lowest in carbofuran 3G@ 12.5 kg ha-1 (0.49) and panchagavya (3%) (0.61)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF TENDER COCONUT WATER
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2016) ANIL KUMAR, K; SATYANARAYANA, Ch.V.V.
    Coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) is an ancient tropical beverage whose original properties have drawn the attention of manufacturers as a natural functional drink. The tender coconut water (TCW) technically the liquid endosperm, is the most nutritious wholesome beverage that the nature has provided for the people of the tropics. TCW is rich in essential minerals such as potassium, sodium and natural nutrients like polyphenols. The water inside the nut is sterile but when it is extracted and exposed to air it becomes vulnerable to oxidation besides microbial contamination. Thermal treatments combined with chemical additives are used by the industry but other technologies such as micro and ultrafiltration are yet to be used on an industrial scale. In thermal and chemical processes, taste, aroma and colour are difficult to control and maintain to achieve fresh like taste in the product. The membrane separation processes such as Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse osmosis (RO) are promising novel alternative non-thermal and non-chemical methods that are relatively less energy intensive and retain heat labile components. MF and UF offer excellent potential in food industry for clarification and pasteurization of liquid foods to replace conventional processing techniques. Therefore a study was conducted to develop process technology for bottling TCW using membrane filtration, pasteurization and chemical additive and suggest a suitable method. A continuous cross flow flat sheet membrane module was used in the study to process by MF and UF. Initially the permeate fluxes were established using pure water on 0.2μm pore size and 40 kDa and 500 Da molecular weight cut off (MWCO) membranes at various transmembrane pressures (TMPs). The experiments revealed that permeate flux increases with an increase in TMP and membrane pore size or MWCO. The steady state fluxes were relatively higher with MF in comparison to UF and NF at the given TMP. The permeate flux of microfiltered TCW declined from 189.98 L /m2h and reached a steady flux at 88.51L/m2h at a TMP of 5.06 kg/cm2. The flux also declined from 107.54 to 82.07 L/m2 h in UF. The flux decline during MF and UF is perhaps due to concentration polarization and consequent fouling. Five different treatments were investigated to develop process technology and extend shelf life during storage of TCW. In the first treatment, the coconut water was passed through a microfiltration membrane of 0.2 µm pore size at a pressure of 5.06 kg/cm2 to remove microbes and suspended particles. In the second treatment, coconut water was passed through ultrafiltration membranes of 40 kDa MWCO at pressures about 5.06 kg/cm2 to remove enzymes such as polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). In the third treatment, the coconut water was bottled and pasteurized at 85 oC for 10 min. In the fourth and fifth treatments, the coconut water was filtered through a MF membrane and chemical preservative nisin was added in two concentrations of 5000 I.U. and 2500 I.U. The TCW filtered through muslin cloth was taken as control sample. The control as well as all the treated samples were bottled and stored at 4 °C. The samples were taken at four days interval and their physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were determined upto 20 days of storage. The TSS of TCW generally decreased during storage except for pasteurized samples. Pasteurized TCW did not show any change in TSS compared to all other treatments. The pH generally decreased in all the treatments during storage up to 20 days. The percentage reducing sugars increased for all the samples during storage. However, pasteurized samples recorded lower increase in reducing sugars. The turbidity of the TCW increased during storage as indicated by decrease in the light transmittance values. Turbidity was observed to be relatively low for microfiltered and ultrafiltered TCW suggesting that membranes processes are useful for clarification of TCW. E.coli, Fungal and bacterial count were observed to be less in pasteurized samples. Overall based on different quality attributes, pasteurized treatment, MF and UF have been found to give a better quality bottled TCW in that order, the first treatment being the best. It can be concluded that membrane processing of TCW is one of the alternate methods along with thermal processing for producing quality product. Keywords: Membrane processing, Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Permeate flux
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPATIBILITY OF RECOMMENDED INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF PADDY
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) ANIL KUMAR, K; Dr. A. SITHA RAMA SARMA
    Studies on “COMPATIBILITY OF RECOMMENDED INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF PADDY” were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology and Agricultural College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh during 2014-15. In the investigations, seasonal incidence of insect pests and diseases of paddy, physical, chemical compatibility and biological efficacy of insecticides, fungicides alone and in combinations were studied. A bulk plot of 200 m2 and a light trap was maintained to study the seasonal incidence of pests of paddy during kharif, 2014. The leaf folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis L. infestation started during 39th standard week (September 24th- 30th) with 12.95 per cent per 50 hills and reached a peak level at 48th standard week (November 26th- December 2nd) with 18.31% and declined gradually to 8.10% in 49th standard week. The symptoms of rice leaf blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae appeared initially during 43rd standard week (October 22nd – 28th) with 1.55 per cent disease severity and reached a peak level at 48th standard week with 14.66% and decreased gradually to 2.55% at 51st standard week. In light trap the catches of brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens L. started appearing from 25th October (15.00) and gradually increased and attained two peaks during 9th November (5400) and 3rd December (2145) respectively thereafter the population gradually decreased towards the end of the season. However the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens L. catches started appearing from 31st October (11.33), gradually increased and attained two peaks during 15th November (2328.67) and 15th December (4731.33) respectively and thereafter the population gradually declined. The leaf folder adults in light trap started appearing from 6th November (1.33) and attained peak at 12th December (20) and thereafter gradually decreased. No significant correlation between weather factors studied with brown planthopper catches and leaf folder infestation. However, green leafhopper catches showed a non-significant and negative correlation with maximum temperature and rainfall and significant and positive correlation with morning and evening relative humidity. Whereas the leaf folder adult catches in light trap showed a non- significant correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and significant and positive correlation with morning relative humidity. Leaf blast incidence showed a significant and negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature but significantly positive correlation was observed with morning relative humidity. Laboratory experiment conducted in the Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla to test the physical and chemical compatibility of insecticide and fungicide combinations. There was no formation of sediment at the bottom and the creamy layer at the top when insecticides and fungicides mixed in distilled water, tap water and standard hard water. The specific gravity values, pH and EC values also did not vary much. The experiment conducted in green house at Agricultural College, Bapatla to assess the phytotoxicity revealed that no phytotoxicity symptoms were observed when insecticides and fungicides mixed and applied to potted plants at recommended and higher dose (double). The per cent leaf injury was less than one implying the tested insecticides and fungicides are physically, chemically and biologically compatible with each other. From the field experiment conducted during kharif, 2014 in the College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla to evaluate the efficacy of foliar sprays of insecticides, fungicides alone and in combination against major pests of paddy. Chlorantraniliprole + isoprothiolane (0.3 ml l-1+1.5 ml l-1) emerged as the most effective treatment to control leaf folder infestation with 83.04 per cent leaf damage reduction over control followed by chlorantraniliprole (0.3 ml l-1) and chlorpyriphos (2.5 ml l-1) with 81.86 and 79.67%. With respect to leaf blast, tricyclazole (0.6 g l-1) was found superior over other treatments in reducing leaf blast severity with 74.13 per cent reduction of disease over control followed by isoprothiolane (1.5 ml l-1) with 69.42 per cent reduction of disease incidence over control. Significantly highest yield (5.39 t ha-1) was recorded in chlorantraniliprole + isoprothiolane (0.3 ml l-1+1.5 ml l-1) followed by all other combination, individual treatments. The untreated control recorded the lowest yield (2.00 t ha-1). There was no reduction in the efficacy of insecticides when mixed with fungicides and vice-versa against both leaf folder infestation and leaf blast severity.