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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Textile and Apparel Designing × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF CHITIN ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC DYED COTTON FABRIC AND DYE EFFLUENT LOAD
    (ACHARYA NG RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2023-07-13) POORNIMA, A.; ANITHA, D.
    With increasing awareness of environmental pollution and health hazards associated with the use of synthetic textile dyes, use of eco-friendly processes during and after dyeing processes has become imperative. This could be achieved by surface functionalization of fabrics with biopolymers that aids in enhanced dye uptake, improving functional properties and simultaneously remove chemical load from the textile effluent. Among biopolymers, chitin and chitosan are used for various diversified applications especially in dyeing and printing areas. Chitin has diverse applications when converted to chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin. The solubilised form of chitin, the chitosan assists greater amount of dye molecules to transfer on to the textile substrate because of its adsorptive character, thereby reducing dye wastage in the bath. This in turn helps reduces the colour part of the dye effluent. Cotton fabric a natural cellulosic fibre and popularly used by the consumers was selected for the study. Chitosan extracted from shrimp shells that is 75 per cent deacetylated was used for treatment. Reactive, naphthol and vat dyes that are used in local dyeing units and small dyeing industries were selected. Blue colour, the darkest colour among primary colours was selected from the specified dye classes Remazol Brilliant Blue R, ASBO and blue B Base and Indantherene Blue RS Colloisol. Method of chitosan treatment was optimized based on the stiffness and colour strength maintained by the treated sample after five washes. Volume by volume method was selected for the treatment with four concentration levels 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 per cent. Along with pre and post treatment, fabrics were subjected to solar radiation+pretreatment and pretreatment+solar radiation at all four chitosan concentration levels. Chitosan treated samples were dyed in 1 and 2 per cent dye shade in selected dye classes using both exhaust and padding methods. Fabric samples with maximum colour strength, dyed in combination of different treatment and dyeing methods were selected for assessment of comfort and other properties. In exhaust method of dyeing, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% of chitosan was selected for pretreatment and dye using naphthol dyes. Two chitosan concentration levels 1.5 and 2.0 per cent, treated with solar radiation+pretreatment method were selected for reactive dyes. Pre treated and vat dyed sample have exhibited maximum colour strength at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% concentration levels of chitosan. Solar radiation+pretreatment in pad dyeing method yielded maximum colour strength with all the three selected dyes. Chitosan concentration levels of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 per cent with reactive and vat dye and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent concentration in xvi naphthol dyed fabrics gave higher colour values in dyed fabrics. Higher colour strength values were noted in samples of pad dyeing method over exhaust method. All treated and dyed samples were evaluated for colourfastness properties to all the serviceable conditions namely washing, sunlight, crocking and perspiration. All dyed samples exhibited fair to good fastness in exhaust method and fair to excellent fastness in samples dyed using padding method. Solar radiation + pretreatment with chitosan exhibited better fastness properties than pretreatment with chitosan alone. Among comfort properties and other properties of selected dyed fabrics, reduced wicking property was seen in all dyed fabrics over control. Pad dyed fabrics had less wicking property over exhaust dyed ones. In all fabrics, water repellent rating was same irrespective of chitosan concentration and dyeing method, with initial time delay in absorption. Air permeability decreased as the chitosan concentration has increased in exhaust method while pad dyed fabrics had higher decrease over their counterparts. Thermal conductivity reduced in all with higher chitosan concentration. Electrical conductivity of test fabrics indicated that these treated fabrics can be used for electrostatic discharge textiles and does not have the conductivity properties similar to metals. The protection against UV transmission is not significant but decrease in transmission of UV rays was observed in contrast to untreated sample. Blocking of UVB % was more in all tested samples. Antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.aureus and A. niger was observed in treated and dyed samples. Increase in zoi was observed as the chitosan concentration has increased. Dye effluent for BOD and COD showed that effluent load in dye liquor after chitosan treatment was lower than control dye liquor. Padding method of dyeing was found superior over exhaust method. Cost of treatment was found to be less as the fabric was treated using volume and volume concentration method. Hence it is economically viable to adopt it in small scale dyeing units as treating cotton with little amount of chitosan would produce enhanced properties in the fabric. The above results suggest that chitosan treatment of cotton fabric through volume-by-volume method had yielded a supple fabric with insignificant stiffness, enhanced dye fastness properties and with notable functional properties. Reduced effluent load is an encouraging aspect of the study which was due to biodegradable polymer used in treating the fabric.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF USER FRIENDLY PROTECTIVE CLOTHING FOR PESTICIDE APPLICATORS AND DE-STALKERS IN CHILLI CROP
    (guntur, 2022-08-23) PRABHAVATHI, R.; ANITHA, D.
    Pesticides are best tools for timely management of crop pests and diseases which contain some amount of toxic substances that is also harmful to human beings and other domestic animals. Research proved that among the three routes of exposure, majority of the pesticide penetrates human body through skin. Hence, some type of protective clothing is essential and necessary for prevention of such entry. Survey was conducted on 120 pesticide sprayers in Chebrolu Mandal of Guntur district to understand the mode, frequency and type of pesticide used, related health aspects and constraints in using protective garments along with their opinion on user friendly protective gear. Survey results lead to designing of 16, protective garments. Full hands shirt with regular and raglan sleeve, 2 medium sized pockets in the front of shirt and bifurcated pant. Extra protection was provided by adding extra layer of material in scalp of hood and crotch of pant. Net material was provided at the neck of shirt and in hood to make the wearer comfortable. Beak mask, goggles, chemical protective gloves and shoes were provided. Designs were evaluated by experts of subject area and applicators for selection of 5 best designs. Selection of fabric for designed protective garments was done based on previous studies. Two blends were selected i.e. PC and PV in 2 different thickness with a blend ratio of 67:33. Spray testing was done to select one blend. Through spray test results both PC fabrics (PC1 and PC2) were considered. Both fabrics were treated with water repellent finishes - BOND-WR-12 A RTU (F1) and BOND-WR-12 NEAT (F2) following various finishing parameters, and were tested for functional properties. Air permeability values were lower in PC1 at pH 5 for all 4 conc. of finish. Higher pH and higher concentration of finish reduced the wicking ability of fabrics. Reduced wicking ability was observed in PC1 over PC2. PC1 had more thermal insulation than xvii PC2. PC1 fabric had better properties over PC2 with F1 finish. Optimized finishing parameters were conc. 5%., pH-4.5., Drying temperature 1050C., drying time 3 min., curing temperature: 1650C and curing time: 3min. The test fabric was used for construction of 5 protective garment designs selected based on subjective evaluation by applicators and experts. Further treated fabric was tested for barrier performance in the laboratory and in the field situations for 3 toxic pesticides, Phosphamidon, Monocrotophos and Dimethoate that are used by sprayers in chilli crop. Spraying of pesticide was done on samples in the laboratory using a hand spray while field testing consisted of patch test and swab test. After testing, extracts from both control and treated fabrics were evaluated in GC for quantification of pesticide residue. The residues present in 64 cm2 of fabric area were measured and expressed as ng/cm2. The results of the study were statistically analyzed by four factor experiment with CRD. Percentage reduction of absorption and penetration of pesticides in treated fabrics ranged from 42% to 57% over control. Torso front and thigh regions received higher averages in patch test with highest reduction values incase of Monocrotophos. Swab test indicated that skin covered with treated fabric gave good protection for all three pesticides. Higher residue values were observed in both control and treated fabric with Monocrotophos over the other two pesticides. The findings of various tests related to Phosphamidon, Monocrotophos and Dimethoate absorption, penetration and transmission with test fabric samples revealed that PC1 with F1 finish had better barrier properties. Survey on problems associated with de-stalking of dried chilli pods at chilli processing units in and around Guntur was studied and that the study reported that the majority de-stalkers faced the scorching on fingers, cracking on fingers and deformation on nails and hands while on removing stalks. Based on the survey a protective gadget was designed, constructed and evaluated to minimize the problems associated with de- stalking of dried chill pods. Initially 4 types of glove designs were designed and developed and out of which suitable one was selected through subjective evaluation by the subject experts as well as stake holders for their convenience and comfort in wearing. Final glove was made with two types of selected fabric such as 100% cotton and knitted material. Cotton was placed at palm view and knitted was placed at top view of the glove. Finally wear trials were conducted and recorded their opinion. Further, the survey on de-stalkers indicated that they were not wearing any protective gadgets for hands while removing stalks of dried chilli pod. Hence, 4 different designs of gloves were designed of which one was selected by experts and subjects. It‟s a three fourth length style without quirks, with a combination of cotton and knitted material. Both the protective garment and the glove were rated high by maximum number of experts in terms of features and subjects have given high scores for aspects of ease in wearing, comfort and protection. Subjects also opined that developed protective gear will be used by them if available in the market.