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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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20131
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SIMULATION OF GROUNDWATER TABLE FLUCTUATIONS IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2013) SRAVANTHI, A; SAMBAIAH, A
    In the present day context, the human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life. It is a pre-requisite to the realization of all other human rights. Water is a precious natural resource, a basic human need and a prime natural asset. The extent to which the water is plentiful or scarce, clean or polluted, beneficial or destructive profoundly influences the extent and equality of human life. The relentless increase in population and the resulting spurt in the demand for water, require careful planning and management of the limited water resources. Among various sources of water on the earth, shallow groundwater is a major natural resource and an integral part of the hydrological cycle. Groundwater represents one of the most important water sources in India and accounts for over 400 km3 of the annual utilizable resource in the country. Due to highly variable nature of the climate, groundwater has become a popular alternative for irrigation and domestic water use across India. The present study is focused on the ground watertable fluctuations of Krishna Western Delta. The Krishna Delta Irrigation system is one of the earliest major irrigation projects in Southern India. It consists of an ayacut on the river Krishna at the present Barrage site near Vijayawada, Krishna District. The objective of the presented study is to investigate the overall status of the fluctuations of groundwater level and to evaluate the possibility to use modelling for simulation of groundwater level for prediction of the future scenarios and to delineation of the rate of growth of waterlogged areas. The Krishna Western Delta being a canal irrigated region, it’s vulnerability to the vagaries of the monsoon has been detrimental to the crop production activity, which can be combated by exploring and safe exploitation of groundwater from the aquifers. Before plan for such conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources, it is essential to conduct the complete groundwater balancing with more scientific approach and simulate various scenarios of recharge and draft on the behaviour of the watertable fluctuations. This study will help establishing a safe groundwater draft and groundwater recharge strategies for the future. The regional groundwater balance approach was used for the estimation of regional groundwater potential of the study area. To determine the actual utilizable ground water resource of Krishna western delta “A regional ground water recharge and balance” approach was used which included the inflow and outflow components also unlike CGWB waterbalance models. Simulation of a groundwater system refers to the construction and operation of a model whose behaviour assumes the appearance of the actual aquifer behaviour (James W. Mercer, 1980). Model used for this purpose can be a physical or electrical analog or mathematical. A mathematical model is simply a set of equations, which subject to certain assumptions, describes the physical process active in the aquifer. While the model itself obviously lacks the detailed reality of the ground water system, the behaviour of the valid model approximates that of the aquifer. These numerical or mathematical models are deterministic or stochastic in nature. The data collected will be processed and will be fed to the MODFLOW through descretization and solved for the simulation of groundwater table fluctuations. MODFLOW simulates the steady state and non- steady flow in the irregularly shaped flow system in which the aquifer layers can be confined or unconfined or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow from the external stresses, such as flow to wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, flow to drains, and flow to river beds, can be simulated. Hydraulic conductivities or transmissivities for any layer may differ spatially and be anisotropic and the storage coefficients may be heterogeneous. The predicted and observed groundwater fluctuations will be compared. The future scenarios, if recharge is increased (flood) or decreased (drought), the impacts on groundwater resources of KWD will be studied. The results obtained will be used for identifying the waterlogged and potential areas for groundwater draft, through delineation of the same using MODFLOW and SURFER softwares. The groundwater balance study revealed that the Krishna Western Delta received 1,59,768.4 ha.m of rainfall and was given 7,23,760.4 ha.m of irrigation water both from surface and groundwater in the year 2011. Out of these, 1,92,064.88 ha.m goes away as crop evapotranspiration, 1,59,233.58 ha.m as evapotranspiration from uncultivated land, 4,578.68 ha.m from forest land and 1388.70 ha.m as ground water draft. The total surface runoff that goes out of the KWD into the drains was estimated to be 33,427.46 ha.m. The aquifers of KWD received 40388 ha.m of canal seepage in the year 2011 and 33,059.06 ha.m seepage from the tanks. From KWD, the monthly net groundwater recharges for the year 2011 were estimated and found ranging between -14,807 ha.m and – 15,509 ha.m (negative recharge) in May and June months respectively and rest of the months, the net ground water recharge found to range between 4,730 in April and 1,52,086 ha.m in the month of August. The total net ground water recharge in the year 2011 was estimated to be 6,95,024 ha.m. In this ground water balance study, it was estimated that in KWD, on average 14,392 wells can be operated with a safe well discharge 30m3/hr assuming 7 hr of pumping for a day. This needs to be established after thorough assessment of ground water quality in KWD for using the same for irrigation and consumption. It was found that the model MODFLOW predicted the groundwater table fluctuations during calibration (2005-2007) in close agreement with the observed ground water table fluctuations when hydraulic conductivity was reduced by 20% and specific yield was increased by 10%. The Percent Error for the pre-monsoon calibration was found between 0.12 to 0.15 and 0.08 to 0.1 for post-monsoon periods. The iso-bath maps drawn for these periods also reveal the occurrence of groundwater table contours (b.g.l) found to be similar. The calibrated model MODFLOW was validated using the observed ground water table fluctuations of the years from 2008 to 2010. The statistical analysis of this validation of these model revealed the percentage error for prediction of pre monsoon periods is found ranging from 0.07 to 0.12 and 0.06 to 0.11 for post monsoon. The validated model was used for prediction of future scenarios of ground water table fluctuations in the increment of 1 year, 3 years and 5 years i.e., for the years 2011, 2012, 2015 and 2020. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by decreasing and increasing recharge component by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% to study the sensitivity of the model to recharge. The model MODFLOW is found sensitive to recharge component with an index value ranging from 0.59 to 0.66 for 10, 30, 40 and 50% decrease of recharge and found very less sensitive to 20% decrease with an index of 0.25, from which it can be inferred that an initial decrease of 10% increment after initial 10% reduction did not cause much change in the process of aquifer recharge. The model MODFLOW was subjected to sensitivity analysis to increased recharge and found to have sensitivity index value ranging from 0.52 to 0.61, from which it can be inferred that the model is much sensitive to increased recharge in the process of aquifer recharge. The observed groundwater table fluctuation of years 2005 to 2011 and predicted groundwater table fluctuation of 2012, 2015 and 2020 used for delineation of water logged areas, reveal that the waterlogged area increased from 19,253.5 ha in the year 2005 to 47,842.1 ha in the year 2020 with an increase of about 150 %. The critical area increased from 17503.2 ha in 2005 to 26569.0 ha in 2020 with an increase of 52%. The potential area for water logging decreased from 106118.8 ha in 2005 to 58680.6 ha in 2020 by 45%, which might be due to conversion of potential area into critical and waterlogged area.