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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR POTHAKAMURU WATERSHED
    (guntur, 2022-11-09) . ANILA, P; RAGHU BABU, M.
    Water requirement has been increasing by 1% since 1980. Over two billion people live in countries experiencing high water stress. Water stress is not a factor that solely depends on water availability. At the same time it depends on the management of available resources. Watershed based study is considered as the best way to manage water resources properly. The study was conducted on Pothakamuru watershed of Darsi Mandal in Prakasam District. Prakasam District is one of the drought affected districts in coastal Andhra Pradesh. A number of soil and water conservation works has done on this watershed from 2012 to 2018. So that Pothakamuru watershed has been selected for fulfilling following objectives. i) To assess surface and groundwater resources and estimate the water demand for agricultural sector of Pothakamuru watershed. ii) To develop sustainable water resources plan for the watershed using appropriate optimization techniques. iii) To assess the impact of soil conservation measures on crops and water bodies. DEM of the study area was downloaded for the generation of watershed boundary, drainage lines, drainage area and slope map of watershed. The watershed comprises an area of 12952.85 ha with a population of 54599 people. The farmers on the watershed mainly depend on groundwater for irrigation. The surface waterbody on the watershed comprises an area of 574.68 ha. The watershed has a stream having a water spread area of 198.96 ha. LISS III data of 2012 and 2018 were downloaded from BHUVAN website, for the generation of LULC map and NDVI map. Sentinel 2 satellite image from USGS Earth Explorer was used for the extraction of agricultural areas on different agricultural seasons of the hydrological year 2017-2018. Total agricultural water demand was estimated by adding the crop water requirement and livestock water demand. The crop water demand of the study was estimated from Modis ET data product( MOD16A2) by the extraction of crop area. Livestock water demand was obtained from livestock population. Total water demand for the agricultural sector was obtained as 21.14Mm3 for the year 2017-2018 where crop water requirement is obtained as 20.7Mm3 and livestock water demand is found to be 0.44Mm3. Water requirement for the domestic sector is obtained as 1.09Mm3. Hydrological soil group map and LULC map were made in for the estimation of runoff. Highest percentage of of soil came under the category of moderately high runoff potential. The runoff from the watershed was estimated using SCS Curve number method. Out of 572.4 mm of average rainfall, 151.41 mm of water was going as runoff from the watershed which is 26.45% of the total precipitation. This runoff joins into the surface water resources. Drainage map of the watershed was obtained from SRTM DEM file.the study has drainage order four. Drainage density of watershed was obtained and drainage density map was generated. Runoff map of the watershed was prepared in ArcMAP. Runoff coefficient for the entire watershed was obtained as 0.3. Runoff coefficient map was generated with the help of the GIS platform. Most of the soil and water conservation measures on the study area were concentrated on the upstream side of the watershed. A better water resource management plan was needed for the study area. Water resource management plan for the study area was adopted from decision rules which are separate for water conservation structures and soil conservation measures. Soil conservation measures were adopted by considering LULC and slope of the study area. Water conservation measures were adopted by considering slope, drainage order and runoff potential of the area. Contour bunding, grassed water way, farm ponds, silt application, drainage disposals, forest restoration and crop plantation were the soil conservation measures selected. Farm ponds, percolation ponds, gully plugs and subsurface dykes were the water conservation structures adopted for the watershed. Decision rules were applied in the study area, by considering a grid of 25 ha in ArcGIS. Soil conservation works on the watershed between 2012 to 2018 were collected. LULC map of the study area in 2012 and 2018 was prepared from LISS III satellite image. The LULC map showed a noticeable change in land use pattern. Built up area, agricultural area, plantation area and water spread area of watershed had increased. At the same time, the area of wasteland was reduced. A portion of wasteland was converted into agricultural land and plantation. NDVI maps of respective years were prepared. Area came under the category of no vegetation on 20111-2012 and decreased on 2017-18. Area came under moderate vegetation which includes agriculture and plantation on 2011-12 increased on 2017-18.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF AQUA PONDS ON REDUCTION IN PADDY AREA IN GUNTUR DISTRICT USING RS & GIS
    (guntur, 2022-11-09) PALLAVI, CHIPPE; HEMA KUMAR, H. V.
    Commercial aqua ponds and aquaculture has experienced a remarkable increase in global production in the last decades. Rice farms are the favored sites for conversion into aqua ponds because they provide several characteristics well suited for aquaculture. The coastal belt of Guntur district is one such area where aquaculture activity is spreading at a rapid pace. Conversion of agricultural lands into aqua ponds leads to salinization of soil and ground water resources reducing crop production and fertile paddy croplands. Hence, it is desirable to monitor the problem and trends in conversion of paddy fields to aqua ponds by the modern techniques of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). The present study is proposed to assess the impact of aqua ponds in Guntur district coastal area which consists of Bapatla, Karlapalem, Nagaram, Nizampatnam, Pittalavanipalem and Repalle mandals as major concern. The assessment of extent of area under aqua ponds were estimated by the NDWI image thresholding method, the Hybrid classification approach which combines the benefits of unsupervised and supervised classification approaches were used for the estimation of area under paddy cultivation in the study area. The effect of aqua ponds on crop production was estimated by the reduction of area (ha) under paddy cultivation and the total yield obtained (t/ha). Soil and ground water samples were collected during pre and post-monsoons (2019-20) at various distances away from aqua ponds (100, 500 and 1000 m). Various physico-chemical and chemical properties of soil and ground water were analyzed. The benefit cost analysis of aqua pond enterprise considering economic water productivity was performed by using necessary data collected from well- structured questionnaire through technical survey. The classified images of aqua ponds and paddy cultivation from 2012 to 2019 showed the total area of 954.39 ha of paddy lands were converted in aqua ponds. Among, the six mandals under study Nizampatnam with 335.1 (ha) has the maximum and Bapatla with 63.0 (ha) has the minimum area under conversion of paddy lands into aqua ponds. The results showed that the total reduction in crop yield due to aqua ponds under the study area from 2012 to 2019 was 5,156.57 (t). The pH values of soils from six mandals ranked from neutral (6.5 to 7.5) to strongly alkaline (8.5 to 10.0). The electrical conductivity values recorded in soils ranked from low salinity ( 2.25 dSm-1). The results showed that soil samples collected in 6 mandals has shown soil salinization. The available nitrogen content in soils adjacent to ponds ranked low (< 280 kg ha-1). Available phosphorus content in soils ranked between low (< 25 kg ha-1) and medium (25 to 59 kg ha-1). The soils indicated that they are low (< 145 kg ha-1) with respect to available potassium. Available calcium content in soils was grouped under low category (< 145 meq l-1). A minimum of 5.6 meq l-1 in Nagaram and maximum of 63.7 meq l-1 in Repalle of available magnesium content was recorded in six mandals under study. The organic carbon of soils ranged from low productive to average productive. The pH of ground water samples from six mandals was neutral to slightly alkaline, whereas, EC was found to be saline (1.74 to 18.34 dSm-1). Bicarbonates were in excess of permissible limits of 200 ppm. The chlorides and sulphates were also very much higher than the permissible limit of 250 ppm in all six mandal. The concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium, RSC and SAR of water samples were all in excess of permissible limits and indicated that most samples studied were not suitable for irrigation All the cations & anions indicated ground water contamination. All the cations and the anions in ground water samples have shown to decrease with increase in distance in both seasons, except carbonates which were not detected in some mandals. The aquaculture has shown to have negative effect in water properties than soil properties. The overall analysis for pooled farmers in aquaculture showed that benefit cost ratio of 1.51 means that aqua farming gives net benefit cost ratio of Rs. 0.51 with a payback periods of 156 culture days. Study revealed that one crop in a year Rs.5,75,529/ha of net profit. The overall gross and net economic water productivity obtained as Rs.93.6/m3 and Rs.31.5/m3. The overall analysis for pooled farmers in paddy cultivation showed that benefit cost ratio of 1.18 means that aqua farming gives net benefit cost ratio of Rs. 0.18 with a payback periods of 206 culture days. Study revealed that one crop in a year Rs.16,441.46 /ha of net profit. The overall gross and net economic water productivity obtained as Rs.6.5/m3 and Rs.1.0/m3 Keywords: Aqua Ponds, Paddy Cultivation, NDWI, Hybrid Classification approach, Crop production, soil and ground water quality, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, Aquaculture, Benefit cost analysis, Economic water productivity.