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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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20171
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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × Author: RAMANJANEYA REDDY, A × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SOIL RELATED CONSTRAINTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET ORANGE [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] IN YSR DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) RAMANJANEYA REDDY, A; MUNASWAMY, V
    An investigation was carried out to study the soil related constraints and their effect on yield and quality of sweet orange in YSR district of Andhra Pradesh. To prosecute this investigation, fifty sweet orange orchards aged between 12 to 13 years were selected and soil samples were collected from these orchards at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth. Further, fifty index leaf samples, fruit samples and irrigation water samples were also collected from respective soil sampled orchards. The soil samples were analyzed for physical properties like texture, colour, bulk density, particle density, percent pore space and water holding capacity, physico-chemical characteristics viz., pH, EC, OC, CEC, SAR, ESP and free CaCO3 and chemical properties viz., available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Similarly, leaf samples were analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu and fruit samples were analyzed for per cent juice, titrable acidity, juice pH, TSS and vitamin-C. In irrigation water, quality parameters such as pH, EC, cations viz., Na+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and anions viz., CO3 2- , HCO3 - , Cl- , and SO4 2- were analyzed. The various soil textural classes identified were loamy sand (18%), sandy loam (42%), sandy clay loam (34%) and sandy clay (6%) at surface and sandy (4%), loamy sand (14%), sandy loam (38%), sandy clay loam (38%) and sandy clay (6%) at subsurface soils of the study area. The colour of the soils of the study area had their Munsell colour notation in the hue of 10YR/7.5YR/5YR/2.5YR with value 2 to 4 and chroma 0 to 4 at 0-30 cm depth and at 30-60 cm depth the hue of 10YR/7.5YR/5YR/2.5YR with value 2 to 4 and chroma 1 to 6. xvi The study area soil reaction varied widely, that indicated about 72% of the samples were mildly alkaline, 16% were moderately alkaline and 12% were strongly alkaline at 0-30 cm and at 30-60 cm, 48% were strongly alkaline, 38% were moderately alkaline and 14% were mildly alkaline in pH. The orchards were non-saline in nature as the EC of these soils was far below 4.0 dS m-1 . The study area soils were low to medium in organic carbon at surface and low in sub-surface. The organic carbon content decreased with increasing depth. Out of all the soils of sweet orange orchards studied, 82% were deficit in N and 18% were medium in N, 20% were deficient in P, 60% were medium in P and 20% were high in P, but in case of available K, 32% were in medium range and 68% were in high range. The higher exchangeable calcium and magnesium status was observed in all the orchards both in the surface and subsurface soils. In soils of sweet orange orchards studied, 24% and 78% were very low in available Fe and Zn, respectively. Low in available Fe, Zn and Mn were 68%, 18% and 8%, respectively. Medium in available Fe, Zn Mn and Cu were 8%, 4%, 38% and 18%, respectively. High in available Mn and Cu were 36% and 82%, respectively. Very high in available Mn was 18%. Two per cent of the leaf samples deficit in N, 8% deficit in P and 4% deficit in K. Low in N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 42%, 12%, 14%, 2% and 12%, respectively. High in N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 4%, 50%, 16%, 18% and 18%, respectively. Leaf Zn deficiency was the most severe among the 10 mineral elements tested and 62% of samples were deficient in Zn, followed by Fe (54%), Mn (52%) and Cu (26%). However, the average leaf content of N, P Ca and Cu was 2.03, 0.16, 2.66 and 8.29, respectively; which was much more than the optimum range. The negative significant correlation noticed between fruit yield and soil pH (r = -0.512**), free CaCO3 (r = -0.329*), SAR (r = -0.424**) and ESP (r = - 0.522**), and also observed a non-significant negative correlation between soil EC with fruit yield of sweet orange. Fruit yield and fruit weight was positively and significantly influenced by soil organic carbon content (r = 0.360* and r = 0.330*), because the organic carbon content of the soil had a significant positive influence on soil N (r = 0.716**). The soil mineral nutrients like N, P and K influenced the fruit weight significantly and positively (r = 0.469**, r = 0.446** and r = 0.415**, respectively). Fruit juice per cent had significant positive relation with soil N (r = 0.353*) and P (r = 0.364**). Soil P had a significant positive correlation with TSS (r = 0.438**). The pH of the water samples collected from sweet orange orchards of study area was varied from neutral to mildly alkaline. The EC of the irrigation water varied from 0.82 - 3.87 dS m-1 with a mean value of 1.82 dS m-1 . According to the irrigation EC classification, 76% of the xvii water samples were in high salinity i.e., C3 class and 24% of the water samples categorized as very high salinity i.e., C4 class. The concentration of major anions of irrigation water collected from all the sweet orange orchards were in the order of HCO3 - > Cl- > SO4 2- > CO3 2- and the cations were in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ . The general constraints that were observed in the sweet orange orchards were low organic carbon, low to medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus content, wide spread deficiency of zinc and iron in the soils, low to medium soil Mn, wide occurrence of soil alkalinity, calcareousness and poor quality of irrigation water i.e., high to very high salinity of the irrigation water. Nutrient constraints can be overcome by regular application of required doses of fertilizers to the sweet orange orchards on soil and plant test based, application of liberal doses of manures, adapting integrated nutrient management system, foliar application of micronutrients and following fertigation technique. Calcareous soils can be managed by application of sulphur products, such as elemental sulphur or sulphuric acid (H2SO4) acts as soil acidifiers and these products potentially improve nutrient availability in calcareous soils by decreasing soil pH. Sodic soils can be managed by application of gypsum and organic manures. Cholorosis can be controlled by foliar application of composite mixture of zinc sulphate 0.5%, manganese sulphate 0.2%, boric acid 0.1%, urea 1% and lime 0.4% at two or three times in a year. The detailed study of the sweet orange crop revealed that the yield and quality of sweet orange grown under adverse soil environment would be reduced drastically due to the poor management practices. The unfavourable soil environment will not be suitable for growing sweet orange. For achieving the maximum yield and good quality, sweet orange crops can be grown in sandy loam or sandy clay loam soils free from CaCO3 coupled with best management practices.