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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOPRIMING OF MAIZE HYBRID AND ITS PARENTAL LINES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF SEED QUALITY AND YIELD
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-05-17) KORRAPOLU SUSRUTH DEV; Dr. K. BAYYAPU REDDY
    The present investigation was carried out in the Agricultural Research Station, Jangamaheshwarapuram, Gurazala, Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22 to study the effect of seed priming with biofertilizers on seed quality and yield of maize hybrid, DHM-117 and its parental lines, BML-6 and BML-7. Fresh seeds of maize hybrid, DHM-117 and its parental lines, BML-6 and BML-7, were subjected to hydropriming and biopriming using different biofertilizers viz., Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria @ 20 % either individually or in combination for 12 h and shade dried to 12 % moisture content. Primed seed along with unprimed seed were evaluated for seed quality by adopting Two Factorial Completely Randomized Design with four replications and field parameters by Two Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Results of analysis of variance disclosed that seeds primed with a combination of Azospirillum @ 20 % + Azotobacter @ 20 % + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria @ 20 % recorded the highest improvement in all seed quality parameters viz., germination, field emergence, seedling length, seedling vigour index and electrical conductivity of seed leachates. Maize hybrid, DHM-117 recorded significantly higher values than parental lines, BML-6 and BML-7. But the per cent improvement over control was found to be more in the parental line, BML-7. In field studies, biopriming with a combination of Azospirillum @ 20 % + Azotobacter @ 20 % + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria @ 20 % in DHM-117, BML-6 and BML-7 showed the best improvement in all the field parameters viz., plant height at 30, 60 days after sowing (DAS) and maturity, days to 50 % tasseling and days to 50 % silking, cob length, cob weight, single plant yield, kernel yield plot-1, kernel yield ha-1, 100 kernel weight, stover yield and harvest index. Bioprimimg treatments that included combination of biofertilizers showed better performance over treatments with individual biofertilizers. Among the hybrid and parental lines, DHM-117 (hybrid) showed best performance in all characters which was statistically superior to parental lines BML-6 and BML-7. Seed quality parameters of harvested crop i.e., germination, field emergence, seedling length, seedling vigour index and electrical conductivity of seed leachates were significantly influenced by the genotypes. Biopriming treatments exerted a significant influence on germination and seedling length while non-significant effect on field emergence, seedling vigour index and electrical conductivity of seed leachates. Interaction effects between genotype and treatment showed non-significant influence on germination, field emergence, seedling length, seedling vigour index and electrical conductivity of seed leachates. The present study disclosed that among hybrid and its parental lines, DHM-117, recorded higher values upon biopriming, while the per cent improvement over control was higher in parental lines in seed quality as well as field parameters. Biopriming with a combination of all the three biofertilizers Azospirillum @ 20 % + Azotobacter @ 20 % + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria @ 20 % was more efficient in enhancing the seed quality, field performance and yield of maize hybrid and its parental lines.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON TRANSMISSION OF LEAF CRINKLE VIRUS THROUGH SEED IN URDBEAN (Vigna mungo)
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2024-05-16) MEDAM SUSHMA; Dr. K. BAYYAPU REDDY
    The present investigation on “Studies on transmission of leaf crinkle virus through seed in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh during rabi, 2021-22. Screening of urdbean genotypes against Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus (ULCV) was conducted in 25 genotypes and one check under field conditions in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications. Results revealed that one genotype was found highly resistant, ten genotypes were resistant, nine genotypes were moderately resistant, three genotypes were moderately susceptible and three genotypes exhibited susceptible reaction to ULCV. While none of the urdbean genotypes were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. The seeds from ULCV disease infected plants showed variation in seed shape, colour and seed index. Seed quality parameters viz., germination percent, seedling length, seedling vigour index were reduced in the seeds collected from ULCV infected plants compared to seeds from healthy plants. Highest per cent decrease over healthy seed in germination %, seedling length, seedling vigour index of ULCV infected seed was identified in the genotype GBG 67. xvii While the electrical conductivity of seed leachates was increased in the seeds from ULCV infected plants compared to healthy plants. Highest percent increase over healthy seed in electrical conductivity of seed leachates of ULCV infected seed was identified in the cultivar GBG 67. Moisture content has non significant difference among the genotypes as well as healthy and ULCV infected seed. The contents of total soluble proteins were decreased in ULCV infected urdbean seed compared to healthy seed. The total soluble sugars and phenol contents were increased in ULCV infected seed of urdbean compared to healthy seed. Seed transmission was recorded to an extent of 30 per cent in susceptible cv. GBG 67. While other cultivars that are resistant and moderately resistant to ULCV recorded 10-25 % of seed transmission of virus respectively. Genotypes GBG 12, GBG 67 and LBG 904 were tested for their reaction to ULCV by mechanical sap incoulation following sprout seed abrasion method. Among the three genotypes tested for mechanical sap inoculation, highest disease incidence (80 %) was recorded in GBG 67 followed by GBG 12 with 47.82 % disease incidence and LBG 904 with disease incidence of 45.83 %.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING WITH CHEMICALS AND MICROBIAL INOCULANTS ON SEED QUALITY, FIELD PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2024-05-16) JENNADA SHAREEF; Dr. V. SAIDA NAIK
    The present investigation entitled “Impact of seed priming with chemicals and microbial inoculants on seed quality, field performance and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Jangamaheswarapuram, Gurazala (field studies) and Central Instrumentation Cell, Agricultural College, Bapatla (laboratory studies), Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22. The experimental material consists of two genotypes, five treatments and ten interactions to know the effect of various priming agents and microbial inoculants on the seed quality of chickpea were shown in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with four replications (seed quality characters) and three replications (biochemical characters). To know the influence of the effective combination of priming agents and microbial inoculants on seed quality, field performance and yield of chickpea consisting of two genotypes, eleven treatments and twenty two interactions were shown in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications (field studies). Effect of various priming agents on seed quality of chickpea was showed highly significant for most of the characteristics except germination, electrical conductivity and moisture content. Variance due to the biochemical character was also found significant for the total soluble sugars. The genotype NBeG-452 showed superior per se performance over NBeG-119 for concerning seed quality characters whereas for biochemical characters NBeG-119 showed the highest per se over NBeG-452. Out of five treatments, T5 showed the highest per se performance in all seed quality parameters (except EC) and biochemical characters (except MDA) and also exceeded over treatment grand mean of all characters as mentioned above. For genotype x treatment interactions, seed of desi which treated with 100 ppm of GA3 (G1T5) was found to be superior over other interactions for seed quality characters like shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling vigour index and field xv emergence. For biochemical character total soluble sugars were recorded higher mean value with seed of NBeG-119 treated with 100 ppm of GA3 (G2T5). The impact of microbial inoculants on seed quality of chickpea was found to be highly significant for all the characters except germination and electrical conductivity. Variance due to priming with microbial inoculants was found non-significant for all the biochemical characters. Out of two genotypes (NBeG-452 and NBeG-119), NBeG-452 was found to be superior over NBeG-119 with respect to seed quality parameters whereas for biochemical characters NBeG-119 was superior over NBeG-452 for TSS, protein and MDA. Among five treatments, 20% of Rhizobium sps (T3) was found statistically superior for all seed quality parameters (except EC) and biochemical characters (amylase activity) over all the treatments and their grand mean value. Among interactions, seed of NBeG-452 treated with 20% of Rhizobium sps (G1T3) recorded numerically superior for all seed quality parameters except germination and EC and also higher over the grand mean value of all parameters whereas seed of NBeG-119 treated with 20% of PSB (G2T5) exhibited higher TSS over interactions for the biochemical character. Combination of priming agents and microbial inoculants on field performance and yield of chickpea were found highly significant for most of the characters except days to 50% flowering. Between two genotypes, NBeG-452 was found numerically superior over NBeG-119 for all the characters except days to 50% flowering, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight. NBeG-119 was found more susceptible to wilt & root rot. Out of eleven treatments, 100 ppm GA3 + 20% of Rhizobium sps (T5) performed better for the traits PPPM @ 30 DAS and time of harvest, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot and 100 seed weight. In the case of incidence of disease (%), combination of 100 ppm GA3 with 20% of Trichoderma viridae (T8) was recorded lowest mean incidence (wilt and root rot) over the other treatments. Out of twenty two interactions, seed of NBeG-452 treated with combination of 100 ppm GA3 with 20% of Rhizobium sps (G1T5) was found to be superior for field parameters like PPPM @ 30 DAS, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plot over the other interactions while seed of NBeG 119 treated with combination of 100 ppm GA3 with 20% of Rhizobium sps (G2T5) was recorded as highest per se performance for the trait of 100 seed weight and seed of NBeG-452 treated with combination of 100 ppm GA3 with 20% of Trichoderma viridae (G1T8) was recorded lowest mean incidence of root rot & wilt over the other interactions but statistically on par with seed of NBeG-452 treated with combination of KH2PO4 with Trichoderma viridae (G1T6) with respect to the incidence of root rot per cent. Variance due to treatment showed highly significant variation in all seed quality parameters. NBeG-452 was found to be superior over NBeG-119 in seed quality parameters while in the case of biochemical studies NBeG-119 was found superior over NBeG-452 for TSS, protein and MDA. Among eleven treatments, combination of ppm GA3 with Rhizobium sps showed a higher mean value in all seed quality parameters (except EC) and biochemical characters (except MDA) and also exceeded over treatments grand mean. Out of twenty two interactions, seed of NBeG-452 treated with combination of GA3 with Rhizobium sps (G1T5) was found to be superior for all characters except germination, which was recorded higher with seed of desi treated with combination of GA3 with Trichoderma viridae (G1T8). While in the case of biochemical studies seed of kabuli treated with combination of GA3 with Rhizobium sps (G2T5) recorded significantly higher soluble sugars over other interactions
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT WITH BOTANICALS ON SEED QUALITY AND STORABILITY OF GREEN GRAM
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2024-05-16) B. DURGA BHAVANI; Dr. K. RADHIKA
    The present experiment was carried out to understand the effect of dry-dressing with botanicals, recommended fungicide and storage containers on storability of seed of two green gram varieties, IPM 2-14 and LGG 460. The seed was treated with neem leaf powder @ 10 g kg-1 (T1), turmeric rhizome powder @ 10 g kg-1 (T2), moringa leaf powder @ 5 g kg-1 (T3), fenugreek seed powder @ 4 g kg-1 (T4) and Carbendazim @ 2 g kg-1 (T5 – Treated control). The treated seed, along with untreated control (T6) seed, stored in cloth bag (C1), gunny bag (C2), polythene (700 gauge) bag (C3) for a period of six months during 2021-22 under ambient conditions of Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh were evaluated for seed quality parameters and biochemical composition of seed at monthly and bi-monthly intervals, respectively. The data were analyzed statistically by adopting Factorial Completely Randomised Design (FCRD) with four replications. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the influence of seed treatments, storage containers and their interaction on storability and seed quality was significantly different at different periods of storage. Significant impact of seed treatments was noticed on moisture content and electrical conductivity of seed leachates from first month in both the genotypes, germination and seedling vigour index-I from first month in LGG 460 and from second month in IPM 2-14, protein content and phenol content from second month, seedling length from third month and total soluble sugars from fourth month of storage in both the genotypes. Storage containers had significant influence on moisture content and electrical conductivity of seed leachates from first month, phenol content from second month, germination and total soluble sugars from fourth month and seedling vigour index-I from fifth month of storage in both the genotypes. The significant effect of interaction of seed treatments and storage containers was observed on electrical conductivity of seed leachates from first month, moisture content from third month in both the genotypes, germination from fourth month in IPM 2-14 and fifth month in LGG 460 and seedling vigour index-I from fourth month in IPM 2-14 and sixth month in LGG 460. The results revealed that with the advancement of storage period, there was a progressive decline in germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index-I and protein xv content along with an increase in moisture content, electrical conductivity of seed leachates, total soluble sugars and phenol content in both the genotypes irrespective of seed treatments, storage containers and their interaction. Among the seed treatments, neem leaf powder treated seed performed better by recording higher mean germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index-I and low moisture content, electrical conductivity of seed leachates, total soluble sugars and phenol content in both the genotypes throughout the storage, while seed treated with moringa leaf powder recorded high protein content in both the genotypes at the end of storage. Polythene (700 gauge) bag was found to be the best packaging material for storing green gram seed as evidenced by recording more mean germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index-I and protein content along with minimum fluctuations in mean moisture content, electrical conductivity of seed leachates, total soluble sugars and phenol content compared to cloth bag and gunny bag during the entire period of storage in both the genotypes. Among the genotypes, IPM 2-14 performed better by recording high germination, protein content and low moisture content, electrical conductivity of seed leachates, total soluble sugars and phenol content after six months of storage, while higher seedling length and seedling vigour index-I was recorded in LGG 460 at the end of storage. After six months of storage, neem leaf powder treated seed stored in 700 gauge polythene bag maintained better seed quality with higher germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index-I and low moisture content, electrical conductivity of seed leachates, total soluble sugars and phenol content in both the green gram genotypes, while, higher protein content in IPM 2-14 and LGG 460 was recorded with neem leaf powder treated seed stored in cloth bag and polythene (700 gauge) bag, respectively among all the interaction effects. These storability studies using green gram varieties, IPM 2-14 and LGG 460, clearly revealed that it is preferable to treat the seed of these green gram genotypes with neem leaf powder and store in moisture or vapour proof packaging material i.e., polythene (700 gauge) bag to enhance the quality and storability of green gram seed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING WITH MICRONUTRIENTS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF BLACKGRAM GENOTYPES
    (2021-09-07) SAI SUDHA, B; BAYYAPU REDDY, K.
    The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, Guntur (laboratory studies) and Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Jangamaheswarapuram, Guntur (field studies) during 2019-20 to study the effect of seed priming with micronutrients on seed yield and quality of blackgram genotypes viz., Tulasi, Lam minumu and Jaladeeswara. Initially, a preliminary experiment was conducted to standardize best concentration of micronutrient and duration of priming in blackgram genotype, Tulasi. Seeds were subjected to nutripriming with various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 %) of zinc sulphate, iron sulphate and boric acid for different durations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h) and seed quality parameters were recorded by standard germination test using between paper method. Among all the concentrations, 0.05 % of both zinc sulphate, iron sulphate and 0.1 % boric acid were found effective in recording highest germination (%), seedling length (cm) and seedling vigour index. Irrespective of micronutrient and concentration, priming for 6 h showed improvement in all the seed quality parameters. Seeds of blackgram genotypes, Tulasi, Lam minumu and Jaladeeswara were subjected to hydropriming and nutripriming treatments with best concentration of micronutrients (0.05 % zinc sulphate, 0.05 % iron suphate and 0.1 % boric acid) for various durations (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) and tested for germination and seedling growth along with dry seed by between paper method. Results indicated that genotype, interaction of genotype × treatment, genotype × duration and genotype × treatment × duration showed non-significant influence on germination (%). Treatment, duration and their interaction exhibited significant influence on germination (%) with highest being recorded after seed priming with 0.05 % zinc sulphate for 6 h. Among all the genotypes, treatments, durations and their interactions nutripriming with 0.05 % zinc sulphate for 6 h in Tulasi showed significantly higher seedling length (cm) and seedling vigour index. xvi Seeds of blackgram genotypes viz., Tulasi, Lam minumu and Jaladeeswara were subjected to nutripriming either individually (0.05 % zinc sulphate, 0.05 % iron sulphate, 0.1 % boric acid) or in combination (0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate, 0.05 % zinc + 0.1 % boric acid, 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid and 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid) for 6 h and shade dried to reach 9 % moisture content. Primed seeds along with dry seed were evaluated for seed quality and field parameters. Analysis of variance of results disclosed that blackgram genotype, Tulasi and nutripriming with combination of 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid recorded highest improvement in all seed quality parameters. In field studies, nutripriming with combination of 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid in Tulasi showed best improvement for all field parameters viz., plant height at 25, 50 DAS and at maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot. Nutripriming with combination of 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid followed by 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid in Tulasi showed advancement in days to 50 % flowering. Treatments that included zinc sulphate also showed best performance in all the above mentioned parameters that was superior over unprimed seed. Among all the genotypes, Tulasi showed better performance in all characters which was statistically superior to Lam minumu and Jaladeeswara. Correlation studies exhibited highly significant positive association of number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height at maturity and negative association of days to 50 % flowering with seed yield. Micronutrient analysis of soil after harvest indicated that genotype and treatment exhibited significant impact on residual zinc, iron and boron contents. The interaction due to genotype and treatment showed significant effect on residual zinc and boron contents but non-significant influence on residual iron content of soil after harvest. Results revealed that better absorption of nutrients was noticed after seed priming with combination of all the micronutrients viz., 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid in Tulasi. Seed quality parameters of harvested crop exhibited non-significant effect among all the three genotypes in germination and field emergence while significant influence was observed in case of seedling length, seedling vigour index and total protein content. Nutripriming treatments exerted significant influence on germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index while non significant effect on field emergence and total protein content. Genotype, treatment and their interaction showed significant influence on seedling length and seedling vigour index, which were highest upon nutripriming with zinc sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid and 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid in Tulasi, respectively. The present study disclosed that blackgram genotype, Tulasi, showed better performance upon nutripriming. Nutripriming with combination of all the three micronutrients 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.05 % iron sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid and 0.05 % zinc sulphate + 0.1 % boric acid proved to be efficient in enhancing seed yield and quality of blackgram genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF ACCELERATED AGING AND GA3 PRIMING ON SEED QUALITY OF SORGHUM
    (2021-09-03) YASASHWINI, S.; BAYYAPU REDDY, K
    The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, during 2019-20 to assess the influence of accelerated aging on physiological and biochemical parameters of sorghum seed also to study the effect of priming with gibberellic acid on quality of accelerated aged seed of sorghum, variety NTJ-5 and to predict the storage potential of sorghum seed using accelerated aging test. Initially seed of sorghum variety, NTJ-5 was subjected to accelerated aging for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The physiological and biochemical parameters of accelerated aged seeds were tested along with control (unaged seed). The accelerated aging caused highly significant decline in all the seed quality parameters viz., germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index, field emergence, total soluble sugars and peroxidase (POX) activity. Moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC) of seed leachates, proline content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed a highly significant increase with increase in the duration of accelerated aging. Maximum per cent decline in germination (39.55%), seedling length (24.79%) seedling vigour index (54.63%), field emergence (37.18%), total soluble sugars (30.06%) and peroxidase (POX) activity (45.02%) over the control was observed with 96 h of accelerated aging. Correlation studies showed a highly significant positive correlation among all the physiological parameters except moisture content and EC of seed leachates which showed highly significant negative association with the remaining characters. Total soluble sugars and POX activity exhibited a significant positive association and proline, H2O2 and MDA content had a significant negative correlation with all the physiological parameters under study except EC of seed leachates. The accelerated aged seed was subjected to hormonal priming with GA3 50 ppm for various durations (3, 6, 9 and 12 h) along with control to standardize the best duration of priming. The seed quality traits were studied by performing standard xvi germination test by between paper method. Among different durations, highest germination (%), seedling length (cm) and seedling vigor index were recorded with 9 hours duration and beyond that the seed quality declined gradually upto 12 hours. Based on standardization results the aged and unaged seed of sorghum was subjected to seed priming with GA3 50 ppm for 9 hours and shade dried to reach safe moisture content. The invigorated aged seed along with untreated aged and unaged seed was used for assessing physiological and biochemical characters. Results revealed that accelerated aging caused a highly significant reduction in all the physiological parameters except EC of seed leachates and showed a highly significant increment in all the biochemical parameters under study except total soluble sugars and POX activity. Hormonal priming with GA3 50 ppm showed a highly significant improvement in seed quality and biochemical parameters. The interaction effect between accelerated aging and hormonal priming with GA3 showed a significant impact on all the physiological and biochemical parameters except germination and field emergence. Correlation studies showed a highly significant positive correlation among all the physiological parameters except EC of seed leachates which exhibited significant negative association with the remaining characters. Total soluble sugars showed a positive association and POX activity had a significant positive correlation with all the physiological parameters except EC of seed leachates. Proline content exhibited a significant negative association whereas H2O2 and MDA contents showed a highly significant negative association with all the physiological parameters under study except EC of seed leachates. The seed samples with different levels of germination and seedling vigour thus obtained by accelerated aging along with the control were kept for storage in cloth bag under ambient conditions. The physiological parameters were tested at monthly interval, while biochemical characters were assessed at bimonthly intervals. The physiological parameters, total soluble sugars and POX activity decreased significantly and the EC of seed leachates, proline, H2O2 and MDA content showed a highly significant increase due to accelerated aging and period of storage. The results indicated that the germination recorded at 24 h of accelerated aging was almost equivalent to normal (unaged) seed stored for 4 months. From the results it can be found that accelerated aged exhibited lesser storability compared to unaged seed. Correlation studies of biochemical characters with germination, seedling quality parameters and EC of seed leachates of accelerated aged seed of sorghum during storage revealed that total soluble sugars and POX activity showed a positive correlation and proline, H2O2 and MDA content exhibited a negative correlation with all the physiological parameters under study except EC of seed leachates. The present study proved that hormonal priming with GA3 50 ppm significantly improved the quality of accelerated aged seed of sorghum. Accelerated aging test can be used to predict the storability of sorghum seed.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF SEED TREATMENT ON FIELD PERFORMANCE AND STORABILITY OF ACCELERATED AGED SEED OF SORGHUM
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SATISH, MURARI; BAYYAPU REDDY, K
    The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, Guntur and Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Jangamaheswarapuram, Guntur during 2017-18 to study the impact of accelerated ageing on seed quality and storability and influence of seed treatment on initial seed quality, field performance of accelerated aged seed of sorghum variety NTJ -4. Initially freshly harvested (Rabi, 2017-18) seed of sorghum was subjected to accelerated ageing for 24, 36, 48 and 60 h. The standard germination and seed quality parameters of accelerated aged seeds were tested along with control (unaged seed). The accelerated ageing exhibited significant decrease in all seed quality parameters viz., germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index and field emergence. The electrical conductivity of seed leachates increased with the duration of accelerated ageing. Maximum per cent decline in germination (8%), seedling length (27.17%) seedling vigour index (33.03%) and field emergence (12%) over the control was noticed with 60 h accelerated ageing. The seed samples with different levels of germination and seedling vigour thus generated by different durations of accelerated ageing along with the control were kept for storage in cloth bags under ambient conditions. The germination and seed quality parameters were tested at monthly interval. The germination and seed quality parameters gradually decreased, while the electrical conductivity of seed leachates increased due to accelerated ageing and period of storage. The result indicated that 24 h, 36 h, 48 h and 60 h were used to predict the seed quality parameters of normal (unaged) seed of sorghum variety NTJ-4 stored for 1 to 3 months, 3-5 months, 4-8 months and 68 months of respectively xiii The accelerated aged seed was subjected to seed invigoration with 50 ppm GA3, 2% KH2PO4, 2% CaCl2 and 2% KNO3 for 10 h duration. The initial seed quality and field performance of the invigorated accelerated aged seed along with untreated accelerated aged was assessed. Results revealed that the duration of accelerated ageing caused a significant reduction in all the seed quality parameters except electrical conductivity of seed leachates, crop growth, yield and its contributing characters. But electrical conductivity of seed leachates and duration of flowering and maturity increased with increasing duration of accelerated ageing. Seed priming with different chemicals showed significant improvement in seed quality, crop growth, field performance and yield. The interaction effect between accelerated ageing and seed treatment had non-significant influence on all the seed quality and field parameters except germination and field emergence. Among the treatments seed priming with different chemicals, 2% KH2PO4 and 2% CaCl2 showed highest improvement in germination, seedling length, seedling vigour index and field emergence and decline in electrical conductivity of seed leachates. In field studies also the accelerated aged seed treated with 2% KH2PO4 and 2% CaCl2 recorded significantly highest plant height at 60 DAS and at maturity, earhead weight, earhead length, earhead width, number of seeds per head, single plant yield and 1000 seed weight along with lesser duration of 50% flowering and maturity. The seed quality studies from the harvested crop indicated that duration of accelerated ageing and seed treatment with different chemicals showed significant but marginal difference in germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index. However, the interaction between duration of accelerated ageing and seed treatment was non-significant. The present study proved that accelerated ageing test can be used to predict the storability of sorghum seed. Significant enhancement in seed quality is possible through seed priming of aged seed of sorghum with either 2% KH2PO4 or 2 % CaCl2.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SEED BORNE FUNGI IN GROUNDNUT
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) AISWARYA, NAYANI; SREE LAKSHMI, B
    The present investigation was carried out in the laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, and RARS, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during 2018-2019 to detect and isolate seed borne mycoflora of groundnut, to study the impact of Aspergillus spp. on seed quality parameters and management of Aspergillus spp. in groundnut. A total of 11 farmers’ saved seed samples of groundnut were collected from three different districts in Andhra Pradesh and 13 genotypes were collected from ARS, Kadiri and RARS, Tirupathi. The farmers’ saved seed samples were analysed for seed borne mycoflora by standard blotter method, deep freezing blotter method, 2, 4-D blotter method, agar plate method with PDA and paper towel method. A total of eight fungal species belonging to seven genera were found to be associated with the seed of groundnut. Among these fungi, the mean incidence of A. niger was highest followed by A. flavus, while that of Penicillium sp. was found to be the lowest in all the detection methods. Agar plate method was found to be efficient in isolation of A. niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus and Fusarium. 2, 4-D blotter method was found to be efficient for isolation of Macrophomina phaseolina and Alternaria. Standard blotter method was found to be better for isolation of Sclerotium. Deep freezing blotter method was found to be efficient for isolation of Penicillium. Of all the five methods tested, agar plate method with PDA was found to be superior in recording maximum incidence of mycoflora from all the test samples, while rolled paper towel method was found to be least effective for the detection of seed borne fungi. Samples collected from farmers of Guduru village of Nellore district were found to be highly infected with different mycoflora followed by samples collected from the farmers of Cherukupalli village of Guntur district while samples collected from the farmers of Yazili village of Guntur district were least infected with seed mycoflora. xv Studies on the location of seedborne fungi in the groundnut by component plating revealed that seed coat is the most infected part followed by cotyledons. A. niger remained the most frequently occurring fungus in both seed coat and cotyledons where as in case of embryo Fusarium followed M. phaseolina remained predominant. The impact of major seed borne fungi, A. niger and A. flavus on seed quality and biochemical characters of different genotypes was observed. Both these fungi caused reduction in all seed quality and biochemical characters except in per cent disease incidence and total phenol contents where an increasing trend is observed. Between these two fungi A. niger resulted in maximum changes in seed quality and biochemical characters over control. The results indicated that on an average, A. niger caused 25.14, 25.18, 43.99, 22.55 and 41.46 per cent reduction in seed germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index I, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index II, respectively over control. Similarly A. flavus caused 22.38, 24.23, 41.18, 18.62 and 36.93 per cent reduction in seed germination, seedling length and seedling vigour index I, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index II, respectively over control. The per cent infection increased from 8.87 in control to 42.23 and 40.94 in seeds inoculated with A. niger and A. flavus, respectively. On an average A. niger caused 8.82, 21.79 and 1.65 per cent decrease in protein, total sugar and oil contents and 13.22 per cent increase in total phenol content over control. Similarly A. flavus also caused 7.10, 12.08 and 1.33 per cent reduction in protein, total sugar, and oil contents and 11.69 per cent increase of phenol content over control. A total of eight treatments comprising of four fungicides viz., mancozeb, carbendazim, tebuconazole, carboxin+thiram and two bio-control agents viz., Trichoderma viride and Pseudomona fluorescens were evaluated against A. niger and A. flavus under in vitro conditions using rolled paper towel method. In case of A. niger inoculated seed, tebuconazole @ 1 g kg-1 seed recorded highest germination of 91.04% and lowest per cent disease incidence of 4.10 followed by carbendazim @ 2 g kg-1 seed. Highest seedling length (18.44 cm), seedling vigour index I (1660), seedling dry weight (0.22 g) and seedling vigour index II (19.48) was recorded in carbendazim @ 2 g kg-1 seed followed by carboxin+thiram @ 2 g kg-1 seed and mancozeb @ 3 g kg-1 seed. Similarly, in case of A. flavus inoculated seed, tebuconazole @ 1 g kg-1 seed recorded highest germination of 91.00% and lowest per cent disease incidence of 3.88 followed by carbendazim @ 2 g kg-1 seed. Highest seedling length (18.93 cm), seedling vigour index I (1716), seedling dry weight (0.23 g) and seedling vigour index II (20.60) was recorded in carbendazim @ 2 g kg-1 seed followed by carboxin+thiram @ 2 g kg-1 seed and mancozeb @ 3 g kg-1 seed. Based on the results obtained it is concluded that seed treatment with tebuconazole @ 1 g kg-1 or carbendazim @ 2 g kg-1 efficiently controls the seed borne infection of A. niger and A. flavus in groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEED TREATMENT AND POLYMER COATING EFFECT ON GERMINATION, SEEDLING VIGOUR, FIELD PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF HYBRID MAIZE
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) PRASANTH RAJU, K; RADHIKA, K
    The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, Guntur (laboratory studies) and Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Jangamaheswarapuram, Guntur (field studies) during 2017-18 to study the effect of chemical seed treatment and polymer coating on germination, seedling vigour, field performance and yield of maize hybrid, DHM 117. Initially seed was treated with chemicals i.e.,seed without chemical treatment (S1), seed treated with Thiram @ 3g kg-1 of seed(S2), seed treated with Imidacloprid @ 5g kg-1 of seed (S3) and seed treated with Thiram @ 3 g + Imidacloprid @ 5 g kg-1 of seed (S4).Then the seed was coated with polymer i.e., seed without polymer coating (P1), seed coated with polymer @ 3g kg-1 of seed (P2) and seed coated with polymer @4 g kg-1 of seed (P3). After seed treatment, seed was tested for seed quality parameters viz., germination, speed of germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I, seedling vigour index II and root by shoot ratio. Data of seed quality parameters were analysed by adopting Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). Analysis of variance indicated that the influence of seed treatment, polymer coating and their interaction was significantly different for the various seed quality parameters. The results of the present investigation clearly revealed that the polymer coating of maize hybrid seed showed significant influence on germination, speed of germination and dry weight of the seedling, while chemical seed treatment exhibited significant effect on all the germination and seedling parameters under study except speed of germination and root/shoot ratio. The interaction effects were also observed to be significant for germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, vigour index-I and vigour index-II. xiii Polymer coating of the seed could not able to improve the germination of maize hybrid seed but enhanced the dry matter production of seedling. Seed treatment with Imidacloprid either alone or in combination with Thiram improved the seedling growth and vigour. Among all the treatments seed treated with Thiram and without polymer coating showed high germination per cent, while seed treated with either Imidacloprid or Thiram + Imidacloprid without polymer coating had better seedling performance. In field studies treated seed was sown in the field in four replications adopting split plot design in order to find out the effect of seed treatment on crop growth and yield contributing parameters viz., days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to maturity, plant height at maturity, tassel length, cob length, cob girth, cob weight, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per cob, number of kernels per cob, 100 kernel weight and single plant yield. The results of the present investigation clearly revealed that the polymer coating of maize hybrid seed showed significant influence on tassel length, cob girth, cob length, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per cob, 100 kernel weight, cob weight and single plant yield. Chemical seed treatment exhibited significant variation on all the yield parameters except number of kernel rows per cob and the interaction effects were observed to be significant on all the parameters except days to 50% silking and maturity. Seed treatment with a combination of fungicide, insecticide and polymer resulted in improvement in yield and its contributing characters when compared to untreated seed. Among all the treatments used in the present investigation, seed treatment with Thiram @ 3g + Imidacloprid @ 5 g kg-1 of seed registered more cob length, girth, more number of kernels and 100 ker-1nel weight leading to the realization of higher single plant yield. Results obtained from character association analysis indicated that single plant yield had significant positive association with 100 kernel weight. Among the yield contributing characters days to 50% tasseling had highly significant positive association with days to maturity and days to 50% silking, while plant height at maturity showed significant negative association with days to maturity, 50% tasseling and 50% silking. Cob length exhibited significant positive correlation with cob girth and number of kernels per row, where as number of kernels per cob exhibited significant positive correlation with cob length and number of kernels per row.