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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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201724
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES IN EXTRA LARGE SEEDED KABULI CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) GEETHANJALI, D; SUDHARANI, M
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic studies in extra large seeded kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried at RARS, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India during rabi 2016-17 with an aim to evaluate 30 kabuli genotypes to assess the genetic diversity among the genotypes, to estimate the genetic parameters and to understand the relationship of various yield attributing and quality traits with yield. Evaluation of 30 chickpea genotypes for seed size revealed that among the tested extra-large seeded kabulis with more than 50 g of 100 seed weight, the genotypes viz., NBeG-833, NBeG-836, NBeG-805, RVSSG- 37, NBeG-460 and PG- 12407 showed significant superiority for seed yield compared to the best check PKV-4 under rainfed condition. Similarly, under irrigated condition, the genotypes viz., NBeG-842, NBeG-833 and NBeG-836 found to be performed well over the best check MNK-1 with respect to yield and more than 50 g of 100 seed weight too. Under both the circumstances, the entries viz., NBeG-833 and NBeG-836 were found to be promising compared to their respective best checks PKV-4 and MNK-1. Hence, these genotypes could be tested in multi locations over years to study their stability in performance and suitable genotypes may be identified and recommended for commercial cultivation in Andhra Pradesh. Thus, these genotypes might be further tested in different environments over years to study their stability and suitability, so that the best genotype could be recommended for commercial cultivation in Andhra Pradesh besides utilizing in the breeding programmes. Study of genetic variability revealed higher opportunities to improve seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, shoot biomass, 100 seed weight, protein content, 100 grain volume, water absorption after soaking, volume expansion after soaking and cooking time for soaked seeds, as they showed high heritability coupled high genetic advance as per cent of mean. This indicated these characters are more amenable for improvement through selection as they appeared to be predominantly controlled by additive gene effects and found to be least influenced by environment. Diversity studies grouped the tested material into five distinct clusters. Promising genotypes with high per se performance and genetic divergence were NBeG 831 from cluster II, RVSSG- 37, NBeG-459, CSJK- 25, NBeG-840, PKV-4 from cluster III, KAK- 2 from cluster IV and Vihar from cluster V under rainfed condition. However, under irrigated, genotypes RVSSG- 37 from cluster II, NBeG-840, CSJK- 25, CSJK- 24, MNK- 1, NBeG-459 from cluster III, NBeG-833 from cluster IV and KAK- 2, Vihar, ICCV- 15308 from cluster V were found more divergent. Hence, these lines could be used in hybridization program to realize transgressive segregants for various characters. Correlation studies among yield and yield attributing traits revealed that under rainfed condition, seed yield exhibited positive and significant association with days to 50 per cent flowering, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, shoot biomass per plant and harvest index. Whereas, under irrigated condition, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, shoot biomass per plant and harvest index had significant positive association with yield. Therefore, it could be inferred that selection based on these traits either in combination or alone will help in identifying lines having more yield potential. Correlation studies among quality traits revealed that under both the situations, the traits viz., seed diameter, 100 grain volume, water absorption after soaking, volume expansion after soaking, cooking time for soaked seeds and cooking time for raw seeds showed positive and significant association among themselves and with 100 seed weight. So, attention may be focused on the genotypes that had large grain but with shortest cooking time to meet the consumer demands. The study also revealed that selection for high yield should be based on shoot biomass per plant and harvest index in kabuli chickpea under both the conditions as these traits were major direct contributors to the seed yield as it was witnessed from their high direct and indirect effects as well via various other traits. From the overall investigation, it is inferred that there is a greater scope to develop high yielding kabuli chickpeas with extra- large seed type by utilizing the most divergent genotypes viz., RVSSG- 37, NBeG-459 and NBeG-840 and selecting the elite lines based on shoot biomass per plant, harvest index, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed diameter and 100 grain volume would make it possible to accomplish the objective.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES FOR AMENABILITY TO COMBINE HARVESTING IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) BADABAGNI, VISHNU; JAYALAKSHMI, V
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic studies for amenability to combine harvesting in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried out during rabi, 2016-17 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India to identify elite high yielding chickpea genotypes amenable to machine harvesting and also to study extent of genetic variability, genetic diversity and trait associations both under rainfed and irrigated situations. Thirty chickpea genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Block design with three replications each under rainfed and irrigated (two supplemental irrigations) conditions. The variability among the genotypes is highly significant for angle of primary branch, height of the first pod , days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, SPAD Chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), number of pods per plant, shoot biomass per plant, seed yield , 100 seed weight, protein content of grain under rainfed and irrigated conditions except for harvest index under irrigated condition. Elite genotypes with high per se performance, under irrigated and rainfed conditions which are amenable to combine harvest are NBeG 780, NBeG 857, NBeG 47, NBeG 863 and BG 3061. Exclusively under rainfed condition DBGV 3104 and NBeG 865 are noteworthy. Study of genetic variability revealed that height of the first pod, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant under both rainfed and irrigated conditions and plant height under irrigated condition exhibited high to moderate variability, high heritability and high expected genetic gain under selection suggesting that the selection for these traits will be effective for obtaining superior yielding genotypes with amenability to mechanical harvesting. Genetic divergence studies clearly distinguished 30 genotypes into five clusters under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Promising genotypes along with high per se performance viz., NBeG 780, NBeG 857, NBeG 47, NBeG 863 and BG 3061 of cluster I in rainfed and cluster II in irrigated, GBM 2 of cluster II in rainfed and cluster I in xiv irrigated, ICCL 85213 and NBeG 865 of cluster III in rainfed, DBGV 3104 of cluster I under rainfed and GL 12021 of cluster V under both rainfed and irrigated are suggested to utilize in crossing programs to breed for high yield with amenability to combine harvesting. Correlation analysis revealed that number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, shoot biomass, harvest index and 100 seed weight exhibited positive and highly significant association with seed yield and also among themselves under rainfed as well as irrigated conditions. On the other hand, the association of height of first pod, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were negative and significant with seed yield under both the conditions. Whereas, some deviation was observed in angle of the primary branches under irrigated condition and SCMR under rainfed condition where significant positive correlation was recorded. It is suggested that breeding for high yield should consider optimum crop growth period depending on moisture status of the soil. Major emphasis to be laid on shoot biomass and harvest index as evidenced from their high direct effects and indirect effects on seed yield with other correlated traits viz., number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight. Despite significant negative correlation with seed yield, phenological traits days to flowering and days to maturity also exhibited indirect negative effects by two important traits viz., shoot biomass and harvest index. Thus in chickpea growing areas of Andhra Pradesh which are characterized by shorter growing season and where rainfall is rarely received during crop growth period, short duration varieties which mature before terminal soil moisture stress should be developed. The inter se association between traits like days to flowering and maturity, shoot biomass, harvest index and seed yield should be considered carefully in breeding programmes to breed varieties with matching duration of crop growth for rainfed areas and also to areas where facilities for supplemental irrigation are available.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) MADHAVI LATHA, K; DURGA PRASAD, A.V.S.
    The present research investigation on “Genetic divergence and association studies in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” was carried out during rabi, 2016-17 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal with 70 genotypes replicated thrice. The results of ANOVA indicated the presence of highly significant differences among the genotypes indicating the existence of genetic variability in the material studied. The traits viz., number of achenes per head and achene yield recorded higher values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean implying their scope for genetic improvement through simple selection strategies. The results of D2 analysis had shown maximum inter-cluster distance between clusters VI and VIII, II and VIII, III and X, III and VIII in the decreasing order of magnitude. Canonical root analysis revealed that selection of traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of leaves per plant, autogamy per cent, volume weight, hull content and oil content in the genotypes will result in harnessing of transgressive segregants upon hybridization. Based on the results of per se performance and divergence studies identified the genotypes DRM-342, R-45, CPI-1, NDI-16 and CMS-17B were identified as promising genotypes to be included in future crossing programmes. The correlation studies showed a positively significant association of achene yield per plant with plant height, number of leaves per plant, head diameter, 100 achene weight, volume weight, oil content and leaf area index implying these traits may be employed as selection criteria in sunflower breeding. The path analysis revealed higher positive direct effect of 100 achene weight alone on achene yield suggesting the importance of direct selection for this trait. While the traits plant height, number of leaves per plant, head diameter, volume weight, oil content and leaf area index had shown lower direct effects on achene yield with high indirect effects via 100 achene weight. Based on the results as a whole, the studies identified that the genotypes viz, DRM-342, R-45, CPI-1, NDI-16 and CMS-17B as promising for majority of the traits studied implying the scope for utilization as potential parents in future breeding programmes. The traits number of achenes per head and achene yield with higher estimates of variability parameters can be improved through simple selection strategies. Association studies through correlation and path analysis reported that the trait 100 achene weight alone showed high positive direct effect on achene yield indicating its scope of direct selection for this trait in genetic improvement of sunflower.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN CGMS BASED HYBRIDS OF PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) SYAMALA, PULINDALA; NAIDU, N.V.
    The present investigation comprising of nine parents of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and 20 cross combinations developed through Line X Tester (5 X 4) crossing programme were evaluated for genetic parameters, heterosis, combining ability, character association and path coefficient analysis during kharif, 2016. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad and observations were recorded on 11 characters. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. Among the parents, the lines ICPB2047 and ICPB-2048, the testers ICPL-87119 and ICPL-20123 and among the crosses, ICPA-2092 x ICPL-20108, ICPA-2092 X ICPL-87119 and ICPA2047 X ICPL-20108 showed high mean performance for secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant in parents and crosses indicating that simple selection may be practiced for improving these characters. The magnitude of standard heterosis was high for secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant, whereas for seeds per pod and days to 75% maturity it was very low. Out of 20 crosses, the crosses viz., ICPA-2092 x ICPL-20108, ICPA-2047 x ICPL-20108, ICPA-2047 Name of the Author : P.SYAMALA Title of the Thesis : COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN CGMS BASED HYBRIDS OF PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) Major Advisor : Dr. N.V. NAIDU Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Department : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING University : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Year of submission : 2017 ABSTRACT x ICPL-20116 and ICPA-2047 x ICPL-20123 had recorded significant and maximum heterosis for most of the characters. The analysis of variance for combining ability indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the traits due to higher sca variance than gca variance. Among the parents, ICPB-2078 and ICPB-2043 were the best general combiners for days to 50% flowering and days to 75% maturity, while ICPB-2047 for plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, seeds per pod, harvest index and seed yield per plant. ICPB-2092, ICPB-2078 and ICPB-20123 were the promising parents for pods per plant, 100-seed weight and seed protein. Based on sca effects, per se performance and heterosis, the crosses viz., ICPA-2092 x ICPL-87119 and ICPA-2092 x ICPL-20116 were identified as the best specific crosses for hybrid breeding programme while the crosses ICPA-2092 x ICPL-20123, ICPA-2048 x ICPL-20116, ICPA-2078 x ICPL-20108, ICPA-2043 x ICPL87119, ICPA-2048 x ICPL-20108, ICPA-2092 x ICPL-20116, ICPA-2092 x ICPL-87119, ICPA-2078 x ICPL-87119, ICPA-2047 x ICPL-87119, ICPA2043 x ICPL-20108 and ICPA-2047 x ICPL-20123 were identified for advancing through recombination breeding programme. Character association studies revealed that selection based on all the characters except secondary branches per plant, seed protein, 100-seed weight in parents and seed protein, 100-seed weight in crosses will be effective for selection in improvement of seed yield as they had significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant. Path analysis revealed high positive direct influence of pods per plant on seed yield and it also had positive indirect effects on seed yield via most of the characters in both parents and crosses. Hence, selection for pods per plant alone can be suggested for the improvement of seed yield per plant in pigeonpea.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES IN F3 GENERATION OF THREE CROSSES IN GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) SINDHU, S; SHANTHI PRIYA, M
    The present investigation entitled “Genetic studies in F3 generation of three crosses in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)” was carried out during kharif, 2016 to study the variability, heritability, genetic advance as per cent of mean, character association for different yield related characters and their direct and indirect effects on seed yield and transgressive segregants for yield, harvest index and water use efficiency related traits. The experimental material used in this study consists of four parents viz., MGG-347, MGG-351, LGG-460 and LGG-528 and three F3 populations of MGG-347 x MGG-351, MGG-351 x LGG-460 and LGG-460 x LGG-528. The experiment was laid out in compact family block design with three replications at dry land farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. The analysis of variance between families revealed that the mean squares due to crosses were significant for the characters viz., number of pods per plant, specific leaf area at 35 DAS, specific leaf area at 50 DAS and SCMR at 50 DAS. The analysis of variance among progenies within each family indicated significant differences among progeny means for all the characters studied in all the crosses except for number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, harvest index and seeds per pod in cross MGG-347 x MGG-351; number of primary branches per plant and harvest index in cross LGG-460 x LGG-528 and hundred seed weight in all the three crosses viz., MGG-347 x MGG-351, MGG-351 x LGG-460 and LGG-460 x LGG-528. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters. High GCV estimates and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, specific leaf area at 35 DAS, pod yield and seed yield in the two crosses, MGG-351 x LGG-460 and LGG-460 x LGG-528 suggesting the involvement of additive gene action for these characters in these crosses. Hence, direct selection for these traits in these crosses would result in further improvement of seed yield along with water use efficiency in green gram. High heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were observed for SLA at 35 DAS and 50 DAS in all the three crosses, suggesting that these characters were governed by additive gene action and simple selections can be utilized to improve water use efficiency in these crosses. Based on association analysis, plant height, number of cluster per plant, number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, harvest index and pod yield might be selected for improvement in seed yield in positive direction in all the three crosses. Path analysis revealed that in all the three crosses, highest positive direct effect on seed yield was exerted by pod yield followed by harvest index. Hence, these traits might be considered as selection criteria for breeding high yielding lines. A good number of transgressive segregants over better parent were propelled for number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and SCMR at 35 DAS in the cross MGG-347 x MGG-351; plant height, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and SLA at 35 DAS in the cross MGG-351 x LGG-460; number of clusters per plant, pod length, SLA at 50 DAS, SCMR at 50 DAS, harvest index, pod yield and seed yield in the cross LGG-460 x LGG-528. Hence, forwarding these transgressive segregants to further generation, contributes to the development of most promising genotype which is better than both the parents. Among all the three crosses, LGG-460 x LGG-528 cross can be used to breed high yielding lines and MGG-347 x MGG-351 cross can be used to breed high water use efficiency lines
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    REJUVENATION AND EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES THROUGH MICROPROPAGATION
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) RAJU NAIK, S; HEMANTH KUMAR, M
    An experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle for rejuvenating four sugarcane varieties (87A298, Co86032, CoT8201 and 2003V46) by using shoot tip, leaf roll and apical meristem explants through micropropagation technique to evaluate the response of explants of each variety to standard tissue culture protolcols. The micropropagated plants were evaluated for yield and quality characters against respective controls (single bud setts) to study their performance in nucleus seed plots. Callus induction frequency in the leaf roll of Co86032 and 2003V46 was higher (76.66% and 63.55%, respectively) and took more number of days (6.9 days and 5.8 days, respectively) than apical meristem culture. However reverse was true with respect to 87A298 (63% and 12.8 days, respectively) and CoT8201 (45.67% and 17.2 days, respectively). In general, shoot regeneration frequency was higher in shoot tip explants of the varieties (87A298-86.6%, CoT8201-61.1% and in 2003V46-82.2% respectively) with an exception to Co86032 where in leaf roll explant exhibited higher shoot regeneration frequency (76.6%) than the other explants. The time taken for shoot initiation was more in shoot tip derived explants (87A298-34.5, Co86032-34.8, CoT8201-48.1 and 2003V46-38.5 than the other explants of respective varieties except Co86032 apical meristem (41.7 days, respectively). Leaf roll explants of all the varieties took less time (87A298-28.8, Co86032-34.6, CoT8201-36.2 and 24.7 days, respectively) for shoot initiation. Similarly leaf roll explants produced more number of shoots per explant (87A298- 20, Co86032-18.5 and 2003V46-18.6, respectively) except CoT8201 shoot tip (13.6). Name of the Author : S. RAJU NAIK ; TAM/2015-34 Title of the Project : REJUVENATION AND EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES THROUGH MICROPROPAGATION Major Advisor : Dr. M. HEMANTH KUMAR Degree to which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Department : GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2017 Apical meristem of 87A298 and Co86032 took more time (13.1 days and 12.4 days, respectively) for root induction with high root induction frequency (87.50% and 69.32%, respectively). Where as in shoot tip explant of CoT8201 and leaf roll explant of 2003V46 recorded higher root induction frequency (54.17% and 85.06%, respectively) than the other explants of the respective varieties and took more time for root induction (9.3 days and 14.1 days, respectively). Seedlings obtained from leaf roll explants of 87A298 and Co86032 survived better (72.2% and 65.4%, respectively) than the other explants. Where as in CoT8201 shoot tip derived explants and in 2003V46 apical meristem derived explants recorded higher survival per cent (56.4% and 64.2%, respectively) than the other explants. Though the establishment of control treatment of 87A298 was good (87%), tissue cultured seedlings of all the three explants performed better for yield attributes. Leaf roll explants of 87A298 showed consistent performance all through this growth commencing from establishment of seedlings. All the three explants produced higher cane yield (87A298 shoot tip-112.7 t/ha, 87A298 leaf roll-113.9 t/ha and 87A298 apical meristem-77.3 t/ha, respectively) than control (69.1 t/ha). Yield traits of Co86032 (control) were better than its explants except apical meristem derived plants where number of millable canes per hectare contributed more (65.3) towards improvement in cane yield per hectare. Similarly the performance of control in CoT8201 was superior to all its explants with respect to yield traits including cane yield. All the treatments of 2003V46 recorded higher values than control (76.3 t/ha) for cane yield and yield traits (shoot tip-118 t/ha, leaf roll-85.9 t/ha and apical meristem-104.7 t/ha respectively). Shoot tip derived plants were superior to other treatments with respect to cane yield, cane length, number of internodes and single cane weight. Hence direct supply of tissue culture seedlings of Co86032 and CoT8201 is not advisable for commercial cultivation. Performance of tissue culture seedlings of early varieties viz., 87A298 and 2003V46 was superior to the performance of mid late varieties; Co86032 and CoT8201. Generalized conclusions could not be made for quality traits. However with regards to CCS yield/ha the trend of superiority of tissue culture seedlings over controls of each varieties; 87A298 (shoot tip-13.37 t/ha, leaf roll-13.80 t/ha, apical meristem-9.25 t/ha and control-8.32 t/ha) and 2003V46 (shoot tip-14.78 t/ha, leaf roll-10.24 t/ha, apical meristem-12.44 t/ha and control-9.31 t/ha) inferiority of tissue cultured seedlings over controls of mid late varieties; Co86032 and CoT8201 remained similar to cane yield/ha. Apical meristem derived plants were free from sugarcane streak mosaic virus which indicated that disease free seed material could not be obtained from other explants viz., leaf roll and shoot tip. Therefore apical meristem alone has to be used as explant to produce disease free seed material. Direct supply of tissue cultured seedlings for commercial cultivation cannot be recommended as some of the varieties like Co86032 and CoT8201 produce inferior plants in the first generation. Their performance in the next generation may be tested and vegetative material may be given for commercial cultivation rather than their tissue cultured seedlings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES IN EIGHT SEGREGATING POPULATIONS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeae L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) MAHITHA, SUNKARA; VASANTHI, R.P.
    The experimental material consisted of two F3 populations derived from TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1043 and TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1073 and F2 populations of six three - way crosses derived from Kadiri 6 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1043), Kadiri 6 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1073), JL 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1043), JL 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1073), TAG 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1043) and TAG 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1073) and six parents involved viz., TCGS 1157, TCGS 1043, TCGS 1073, Kadiri 6, JL 24 and TAG 24. The crop was grown unreplicated during kharif, 2016 at dryland farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati. Estimates of genetic parameters, genotypic co-efficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean were moderate to high in both single and three way crosses for most of the characters viz., , number of secondary branches per plant, number of pegs per plant, total biomass per plant, shoot weight per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, harvest index, mature pod weight per plant, kernel weight per plant, SLA and SLW indicating that these are predominantly governed by additive genetic variance. In these crosses, parents are more diverse with respect to almost all the characters studied. Hence, simple phenotypic selection would be effective in early generations in these crosses. From low to moderate genetic parameters, for traits, SCMR and pegs/pod, it is inferred that they are under control of non additive gene action. Selection for shelling out-turn in early generation would be moderately effective as it is controlled by both additive and non-additive gene action. From descriptive statistics, skewness and kurtosis in F3 populations, for the traits, SCMR at 30 DAS, negative skewness in both the crosses indicates the role of non-additive gene interactions, dominance and epistasis while for SCMR at 60 DAS in the two crosses, distribution was continuous indicating that it is a quantitative trait. For SLA and SLW skewness was positive which is almost opposite to that of SCMR. Because of the contribution of nonadditive allelic interactions, the distributions were skewed negatively or positively for different characters in these two crosses. Transgressive individuals with values exceeding the better parent were observed in all the crosses for primary branches per plant, plant height per plant, mature pod weight, kernel weight, SCMR 60 DAS and SLA. Transgressive segregants indicates that the parents possess different alleles and genes governing respective characters from which it could be inferred that there is a lot of scope to bring in beneficial alleles into a single genotype through rigorous selection and handling of these segregants, evaluating the segregants for different characters along with selection for yield to arrive at a desirable plant type through selection in later generations. Among the F3 and F2 populations studied, mature pod weight per plant showed significant positive association with primary branches per plant, pegs per plant, total biomass, shoot weight, number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, harvest index, shelling out-turn and kernel weight per plant indicating these should be considered while selecting for yield. Non- significant correlation of SCMR with yield clearly shows that SCMR, a correlated trait to WUE can be manipulated along with yield. Number of secondary branches per plant had shown significant positive correlation only in three, while in other crosses it was not significant indicating it is also important trait to be considered as selection criteria for yield in segregating generation in some of the crosses. Based on the overall path analysis, kernel yield in all eight crosses; total biomass in JL 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1043) and JL 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1073); harvest index in TAG 24 × (TCGS 1157 × TCGS 1043) exhibited high positive direct effects, hence importance should be given in selection process for respective characters in respective crosses in order to improve pod yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERGENCE AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION FOR YIELD AND DROUGHT RELATED TRAITS IN FOXTAIL MILLET (Setaria italica L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) BHEEMESH, S.J.; SUBBA RAO, M
    The present investigation was undertaken in Foxtail millet during kharif, 2016 to study genetic variability, genetic divergence, character association and path analysis in sixty germplasm lines including seven checks for different morpho-physiological characters related to drought tolerance along with yield and yield components. The genotypes SiA 3636, Sri Lakshmi, Narasimharaya, SiA 3598 and SiA 3604 recorded superiority for most of the traits. Five genotypes viz., Prasad, SiA 3580, SiA 3604, SiA 3618 and SiA 3623 showed the highest thermo tolerance in terms of 75 to100 per cent seedlings survival with minimal reduction in root and shoot growth. From the experiment using polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress technique, Suryanandi, Prasad, SiA 3551 and SiA 3615 showed the highest germination per cent, lower reduction of plumule and radicle length. These varieties are able to survive even when they were exposed to high drought conditions. Higher GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean were recorded for test weight, membrane injury at 30 DAS, fodder yield, ear bearing tillers per hill and grains per ear head indicating that simple selection could be practiced for improving these traits under rainfed condition. All the genotypes were grouped into 13 clusters based on D2 analysis. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between cluster IX and IV followed by cluster II and I. Selection of parents from such clusters for hybridization programmes would result in novel recombinants. Relative membrane injury contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. Fodder yield per plant, number of grains per ear head, test weight, ear bearing tillers per hill, days to maturity, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and relative water content exhibited highly significant positive association with grain yield per plant. Fodder yield per plant, test weight, number of grains/ ear head, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading and relative water content exerted maximum positive direct effect on grain yield besides other traits. Hence, emphasis should be made on these traits in the selection programme to evolve high yielding genotypes in foxtail millet under rainfed condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF MINICORE COLLECTION OF GROUNDNUT UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER MANAGEMENTS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) APARNA, PAPANA; SHANTHI PRIYA, M
    The present investigation was undertaken to generate information on variability and genetic parameters, character association and path analysis in 168 genotypes and five checks of groundnut under organic and inorganic fertilizer managements separately. The experiment was conducted at dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati, during kharif 2016. Analysis of variance in respect of 14 characters revealed the existence of significant differences among the entries for all the characters under both organic and conventional fertilizer managements except for number of primary branches per plant, shelling percentage and harvest index which were nonsignificant under organic fertilizer management and significant under inorganic fertilizer management indicating the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for different traits in the present material. Based on mean performance the genotypes viz., ICG-13099, ICG-13942, ICG-13723, ICG10384 and ICG-11687 under organic management whereas under inorganic fertilizer management the genotypes viz., ICG-434, ICG-13942, ICG-11651, ICG-12879 and ICG-332 were found promising for yield and its contributing characters. The high estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded for number of immature pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of pegs per plant, total number of pods per plant under both the managements; for 100 seed weight and plant height under organic management and for number of primary branches per plant under inorganic fertilizer management indicated the presence of genetic variability for these traits and less influence of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for the characters days to 50% flowering, 100 kernel weight, plant height, number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant and total number of pods per plant under both the fertilizer managements. Similarly high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for pod yield per plant under organic management and for number of primary branches per plant and shelling percentage under inorganic fertilizer management. This indicated the preponderance of additive gene action and selection may be rewarding for improvement of these traits. Further, moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of pegs per plant, kernel yield per plant and sound mature kernel percentage under both the fertilizer managements, while the traits viz., harvest index and pod yield per plant also recorded moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean under inorganic fertilizer management. Improvement can be brought about in these traits through simple pedigree method of breeding and phenotypic selection would be effective. The character association analysis revealed that significant positive association of harvest index, 100 seed weight, number of mature pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, shelling percentage, number of pegs per plant and kernel yield per plant with pod yield per plant under both the fertilizer managements, indicating the possibility for simultaneous selection of these characters would result in improvement of pod yield in the genotypes under both organic and inorganic fertilizer managements. Path analysis revealed that kernel yield per plant under organic management and kernel yield per plant and total number of pods per plant under inorganic fertilizer management recorded high positive direct effects on pod yield per plant. Thus, emphasis could be given for these characters during selection in order to improve pod yield under both organic and inorganic fertilizer managements