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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2017 - 201951
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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ASHRAM SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TRIBAL AREAS OF VISAKHAPATNAM
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) HEMA, LOCHALI; BILQUIS
    School is one of the important pillars on which the child’s personality is formed. It is the place where children are disciplined, have contacts with peers, form friendship and participate in social groups with other children. During the adolescence, peers become increasingly important in their lives. Their interaction becomes more complex with age. Social support from friends assists the children to adjust well in school and to be better able to handle situations related to school environment at this stage. Good academic performance is vital for entrance into quality schools, colleges and universities. Children’s admission into good professional courses is decided based on their academic achievement in the examinations. Children aware in examination and results be the display of their worth. Success in school plays an essential role in affecting a student’s future opportunities. The quality of a school strongly influences student achievement and has an orderly, conducive atmosphere; an active, energetic principal and teachers who take part in making decisions. Every child need safe, healthy and stimulating environment for overall development. The school environment plays an important role as children spend 6 to 8 hours at school. Suitable surroundings that stimulates development is necessary for best learning out comes in child. Experiences at school exerts impact on performance through curricular, teaching technique and relationship. However, supportive and favourable school environment enriched with enough learning facilities and favourable climate makes students more comfortable to concentrate on their academic activities that resulted in high academic performance. The present study was conducted to know the association between School environment and Academic performance. The sample collected includes students NAME : HEMA LOCHALI ID. NO. : GHM/2017-09 TITLE OF THE THESIS : A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ASHRAM SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TRIBAL AREAS OF VISAKHAPATNAM DEGREE TO WHICH IT IS SUBMITTED : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HOME SCIENCE MAJOR FIELD : HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY STUDIES FACULTY : HOME SCIENCE MAJOR GUIDE : Dr. BILQUIS UNIVERSITY : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY YEAR OF SUBMISSION: 2019 studying in7th, 8th, and 9th classes from the four organized settings. Purposive sampling method was adopted for selection of the data. Tools used to collect data were general information schedule, check list on infrastructural facilities developed by investigator and School environment inventory developed by Dr. Karuna Shankar Misra (1989). Academic achievement was taken by calculating the average marks of each student for the past five years. Results revealed that most of the tribal adolescents were from nuclear families and low socio-economic status. Majority of the tribal adolescents have exhibited high levels on school environment dimensions which includes creative stimulation, cognitive encouragement, acceptance, permissiveness, rejection and control. The results reveal that there was a significant differentiation between boys and girls in all the dimensions of school environment. However Boys scored high on the permissiveness dimension compared to girls and girls scored high on the control dimension than boys. There was a significant difference among the academic attainment of Boys and Girls where girls performed better than boys in all the subjects. The results revealed that there was no significant correlation between the overall school climate and educational progress of adolescents in Ashram schools. The study helps in planning suitable activities for improving the quality of School environment and Academic achievement of Ashram schools.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE ISOLATES OF Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) FROM COTTON CULTIVATED SOILS OF GUNTUR DISTRICT, AP
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) PAVANI, SANAPALA; SAI RAM KUMAR, D.V
    The present investigation was conducted at the Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla during 2018-19 on “ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE ISOLATES OF Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) FROM COTTON CULTIVATED SOILS OF GUNTUR DISTRICT, AP”. A total of 62 soil samples were collected from five intensively cotton grown mandals of Guntur district during pre-sowing and mid crop season (45 - 50 days) of cotton. The physico – chemical properties of soil like pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter were analyzed. All the samples were subjected to Gram staining, endospore staining and crystal staining. The 15 isolates viz., KV2S1, KV2S3, CV1S1, CV1S2, CV1S3, CV2S3, EV1S1, MPrV2S1, MKV2S1, MKV2S3, MCV1S1, MCV1S2, MCV1S3, MCV2S3 and MEV1S1 were identified as B. thuringiensis, a Gram positive, spore - forming and crystalliferous bacteria. The highest percentage (53 %) of Bt index was obtained from Chilakaluripet mandal. The identified isolates were characterized at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. Many of the isolates viz., KV2S1, CV1S1, CV1S2, CV2S3, MPrV2S1, MKV2S3, MCV1S2, MCV1S3, MCV2S3 and MEV1S1 had shown creamy white, circular, flat, entire and fried egg shape colony. The reactions of the isolates observed in biochemical tests were positive in Voges Proskauer's, Catalase, Citrate, Nitrate reduction, Arginine hydrolysis and carbohydrate fermentation like Sucrose, Trehalose, Glucose and showed negative reactions in ONPG, Malonate, Mannitol and Arabinose tests. Insecticidal crystal protein gene specific primers of cry 1, cry 2, cry 9 and vip 3 were employed in the gene probing and amplification of native B. thuringiensis isolates. Thus the isolates, KV2S1 and MCV1S2 were detected to contain for cry 1 and cry 2 genes respectively. Presence of cry 9 gene was observed with two isolates, MCV1S3, MCV2S3. Only one isolate, MKV2S3 was found to contain vip 3 gene. The protein profiles of native isolates ranging from 29 kDa to 97.2 kDa and above were determined by SDS-PAGE. xiv To ascertain the insecticidal activity of native B. thuringiensis isolates, a bioassay was carried out on third instar larvae of S. litura by using a standard leaf dip bioassay method. Mean per cent mortality of native B. thuringiensis isolates ranged from 33.33 to 90.00 %. Among the 15 native isolates, seven isolates had shown more than 50 % mortality with LD50 values ranging from 7.17×108 to 6.51×1013 CFU ml-1 and LT50 values ranging from 131.68 to 194.42 hpi at a uniform dose of 1×1012 CFU ml-1. The LD50 and LT50 values of reference strain HD1 were 7.26×107 CFU ml-1 and 106.76 hpi respectively. Among native isolates, five isolates viz., KV2S1, MCV1S2, MKV2S3, MCV2S3 and MCV1S3 were faster in lethal action with reference to LT50 values of 131.68 hpi, 133.44 hpi, 137.61 hpi, 143.29 hpi and 145.46 hpi respectively and also recorded least LD50 values of 7.17×108 CFU ml-1, 7.36×109 CFU ml-1, 1.92×1010 CFU ml-1, 2.85×1010 CFU ml-1 and 5.25×1010 CFU ml-1 respectively, wherein first three isolates were detected with cry 1, cry 2 and vip 3 respectively while latter were expressed with cry 9 gene
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MEALYBUG COMPLEX IN COTTON AND MANAGEMENT OF Phenacoccus solenopsis, TINSLEY
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) LAVANYA, BODDEPALLI; RATNA KUMARI, B
    The present investigation on “Studies on mealybug complex in cotton and management of Phenacoccus solenopsis, Tinsley” was carried out during 2018-19. Mealybugs were collected from three districts of Andhra Pradesh to identify their species complex and their natural enemies on cotton. Certain newer insecticides and indigenous materials against cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis were tested in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla. A survey was conducted for the identification of species complex of mealybug on cotton in the Andhra Pradesh which included three districts viz., Guntur, Prakasam and Krishna covering two mandals in each district. In each mandal, three villages were selected for the collection of mealybug samples. In Guntur and Prakasam districts, three mealybug species viz., P. solenopsis, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink were noticed on cotton. In addition to these three species, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimple and Miller was also identified on cotton in Krishna district. During the survey, different kinds of natural enemies were found in cotton ecosystem. A total of 13 species of natural enemies were identified. Out of these 13, nine were predators and four were parasitoids. Predators viz., Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius, Brumoides suturalis Fabricius, Scymnus nubilus Mulsant, Coccinella transversalis Linnaeus, Angelies cardoni Weise, Telamonia dimidiate Simon, Hyllus semicupreus Simon, Neoscona theisi Simon, and a Neuropteran grub were identified. Four parasitoids belonging to the family encyrtidae, order Hymenoptera were recorded. xiv Lethal concentrations of six insecticides viz., flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, dinotefuran and profenophos were determined against P. solenopsis crawlers and adults in a bioassay using potter’s spray tower. The LC50 and LC90 values of flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, dinotefuran and profenophos against P. solenopsis crawlers were 9.471 & 88.945 ppm, 1.323 & 10.653 ppm, 3.329 & 27.483 ppm, 25.699 & 276.757 ppm, 34.031 & 273.304 ppm and 14.537 & 111.480 ppm, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, dinotefuran and profenophos against P. solenopsis adults were 37.037 & 531.014 ppm, 2.757 & 13.614 ppm, 15.154 & 119.606 ppm, 48.964 & 573.461 ppm, 42.792 & 295.520 ppm and 30. 992 & 287. 215 ppm, respectively. Five indigenous materials viz., soap solution, starch, neem oil, NSKE and water were tested for their effect on P. solenopsis crawlers and adults by direct spray method of bioassay. The LC50 and LC90 values of soap solution, starch, neem oil and NSKE against P. solenopsis crawlers were 2.084 & 13.430 per cent, 3.130 & 16.836 per cent, 121.451 & 1493.539 ppm and 181.909 & 1587.322 ppm, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of soap solution, starch, neem oil and NSKE against P. solenopsis adults were 3.021 & 16.809 per cent, 5.924 & 23.755 per cent, 272.935 & 4262.431 ppm, 356.775 & 5114.560 ppm, respectively. Combinations treatments of profenophos and indigenous material revealed that the treatment neem oil + profenophos was found to be the most effective against the P. solenopsis crawlers and adults as it had recorded high mean per cent mortality (92.86 per cent & 85.96 per cent). The treatment starch + profenophos was the least effective combination against the P. solenopsis crawlers and adults with mean per cent mortality of 87.72 per cent & 82.72 per cent, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MONITORING OF PREDATORS / PARASITOIDS OF RICE PLANTHOPPER COMPLEX
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SANDEEP KUMAR, GUMMALLA; MALLIKHARJUNA RAO, N
    A field experiment entitled “Monitoring of predators / parasitoids of rice planthopper complex” was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Undi, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2018 to study the influence of weather parameters on the incidence of rice planthoppers and to monitor the occurrence of predators/parasitoids present in rice ecosystem with special emphasis on rice planthopper complex. Incidence of BPH was observed from the 37th SMW i.e. the second week of September with 2 hoppers/10 hill, with the first peak population of BPH at 42nd SMW with 2841 hoppers/10 hill. Furthermore, fluctuations in the incidence were recorded, which again reached the second peak during fourth week of October (43rd SMW) with 2456 hoppers/10 hill. The incidence of BPH was observed up to 47th SMW with 43 hoppers/10 hill and incidence of WBPH initiated from the 38th SMW i.e. third week of September with the population number 6 hoppers/10 hill, with the first peak population of WBPH at 41st SMW with 239 hoppers/ 10 hill. Furthermore, fluctuations in the incidence were recorded, which again reach the second peak during the 42nd SMW i.e. the third week of October with the population number 191 hoppers/10 hill. The incidence of WBPH was observed up to 47th SMW with 19 hoppers/10 hill. The results of correlation studies on field population of BPH with weather parameters indicated that there was a non-significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.529), minimum temperature (r = 0.114) and sunshine hours (r = 0.417) and non-significant and negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r = -0.036), evening relative humidity (r = -0.239), and rainfall (r = -0.268). Correlation studies on field population of WBPH with weather parameters revealed that xiv there was a non-significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.466), sunshine hours (r = 0.263) and non-significant and negative correlation with minimum temperature (r = -0.179), morning relative humidity (r = -0.023), evening relative humidity (-0.039) and rainfall (r = -0.168). In light trap catches, the BPH appeared maximum at 43rd SMW and the second highest peak was during 45th SMW, WBPH was recorded highest at 43rd SMW and the second highest peak was recorded in 45th SMW during kharif 2018. The light trap catches of BPH population had a significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.580), and non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r = 0.031) and sunshine hours (r = 0.0313) and non-significant and negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r = 0-.126), evening relative humidity (r = -0.454), and rainfall (r = -0.495).While, the light trap catches of WBPH had a significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.593), and non-significant positive correlation with sunshine hours (r =0.367) and significant negative correlation with rainfall (r = -0.666) and non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r = -0.091), morning relative humidity (r = -0.426), and evening relative humidity ( -0.289). The results of correlation studies on BPH and its predators indicated that there is a significant positive correlation with spiders, mirids, rove beetle, and damselfly population. It can be clearly understand that the increase in BPH population in accordance with corresponding increases in spiders, mirids, coccinellids, rove beetle and damselfly. The results of correlation studies on WBPH and its predators indicated that there is a significant positive correlation with spiders, mirids, rove beetle, and damselfly population. It can be clearly understand that the increase in WBPH population is in accordance with corresponding increases in spiders, mirids, coccinellids, rove beetle and damselfly. Among the planthopper species, BPH egg masses were parasitized by, Anagrus spp. Oligosita spp. and Gonatocerus spp. between first fortnight of September to second fortnight of November. Anagrus spp. (42.96 %) effected maximum egg parasitism followed by Oligosita spp. (25.27 %) and Gonatocerus spp. (19.98 %) during kharif 2018. However, the WBPH egg masses were parasitized only by Anagrus spp. (59.45 %) and Oligosita spp. (14.89 %). The planthopper nymphs were parasitized by Pseudogonatopus spp. and the per cent nymphal parasitism by Pseudogonatopus spp. ranged from 17.79 % to 30.68 %. The peak activity of the parasitoid species were to the tune of 30.68 % was occurred during the first fortnight of October. Less activity of the parasitoid species were to the tune of 17.79 % occurred during first fortnight of September with a total parasitisation of 26.32 %.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF RICE ENTRIES AGAINST RICE LEAF FOLDER, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (GUENEE) AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH ECOFRIENDLY PRODUCTS
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SUNITHA, B; RAMA RAO, C.V
    The present investigation on “Screening of rice entries against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and its management with ecofriendly products” was carried out in the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif 2018 with an aim to identify the resistant rice entries against rice leaf folder and to know the efficacy of ecofriendly products against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee). Forty two rice entries were assessed for the leaf damage caused by rice leaf folder, C. medinalis under both controlled and natural conditions during kharif 2018. Under controlled condition, the lowest mean per cent leaf folder damage was recorded in W 1263 (6.31 %) and BPT 3034 (10.30 %) and highest mean per cent leaf damage recorded in BPT 3059 (48.63 %) and where as the susceptible check (TN-1) which recorded 51.45 per cent leaf damage. Under natural condition, the lowest mean per cent leaf folder damage was recorded in W 1263 (6.58 %) and BPT 3034 (9.39 %) and highest mean per cent leaf damage recorded in BPT 3036 (25.88 %) when compared to the susceptible check (TN-1) which recorded 36.33 per cent leaf damage. In both controlled and natural conditions the entries W 1263 (6.31 and 6.58 %) and BPT 3034 (10.30 and 9.39 %) recorded lowest damage due to rice leaf folder. xiii In management studies, with ecofriendly products against rice leaf folder, C. medinalis revealed that, after three sprays, out of all fifteen treatments flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/l was found to be the most effective by recording the lowest mean per cent leaf damage (6.30 %) with 54.40 per cent reduction over untreated control followed by neem seed kernel extract at 5 per cent (7.24 %) with 48.51 per cent reduction over control when compared to other treatments. All other ecofriendly products recorded less than 50 per cent reduction over control. Among them, brahmastram at 50 ml/l recorded 8.34 per cent leaf damage with 40.49 per cent reduction over control followed by chilli garlic extract at 50 ml/l (8.42 %), agnastram at 50 ml/l (8.53 %), chilli garlic extract at 25 ml/l (9.48 %), neemastram at 50 ml/l (10.30 %), agnastram 25 ml/l (10.50 %), panchapatra extract at 50 ml/l (11.08 %) and brahmastram at 25 ml/l (11.67 %) with 38.40, 39.01, 38.75, 34.08, 31.30, 29.16 and 31.60 per cent reduction over untreated control respectively. The highest leaf folder damage was noticed in datura leaf extract at 50 ml/l with 15.44 per cent leaf damage and 17.05 per cent reduction over control followed by neemastram at 25 ml/l, panchapatra extract at 25 ml/l and datura leaf extract at 25 ml/l with 15.07, 14.38 and 13.39 per cent leaf damage and 22.15, 21.18 and 23.82 per cent reduction over control respectively. Spray with flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/l recorded the highest yield (4664 Kg/ha) with an increase of 69.30 per cent yield over untreated control and it was superior over all other ecofriendly product treatments. Among the ecofriendly products the treatment with neem seed kernel extract at 5 per cent concentration was recorded higher yield (4259 Kg/ha) with 54.58 per cent increased yield over control and other products recorded less than 50.00 per cent yield increase over untreated control
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF GROUNDNUT AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SHARMILA, YAVVARI; SANDHYA RANI, C
    The present investigation on “Seasonal occurrence of major insect pests of groundnut and their management” was carried out in the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2018-19 with an aim to know the seasonal occurrence of pests of groundnut and to know the efficacy of newer insecticides against insect pests and their influence on natural enemies. Seasonal occurrence of thrips and leafhoppers initiated during 36th SMW with a population of 0.97 leafhoppers/plant and 1.14 thrips/plant respectively. The population of leafhoppers reached its peak population of 7.12 leafhoppers/plant during 38th SMW. The population of aphids noticed during 40th SMW and reached its peak during 41st SMW with a population of 1.8 and 4.33 aphids/plant respectively. Larvae of leaf miner and S. litura recorded during 36th SMW with a population of 0.74 and 0.12 larvae/plant respectively with 10.26 and 8.79 per cent leaf damage respectively. Whereas, the peak population of leaf miner and S. litura noticed during 41st SMW with a population of 3.12 and 2.06 larvae/plant respectively with leaf damage of 34.46 and 40.10 per cent respectively. Semilooper population recorded during 36th SMW with a population of 0.72 larvae/plant and the population attained its peak during 37th SMW with 3.36 larvae/plant. Population of bud borer recorded during 40th SMW and highest population during 41st SMW with a population of 0.48 and 2.33 larvae per plant respectively. M. vitrata population observed only during 45th SMW with a population of 1.64 larvae/plant and 15.05 per cent leaf damage. Population of coccinellids and spiders recorded during 36th SMW with a population of 0.18 and 0.32 per plant respectively, and attained their peak population during 41st SMW with a population of 2.01 and 1.12 per plant respectively. xvi Among the surveyed mandals of Guntur district, highest leaf miner larval incidence of 0.88 larvae per plant with 24.6 per cent damage during vegetative stage at Karlapalem. Highest number of coccinellids and spiders with 0.20 and 0.92 respectively per plant observed at Bapatla and Cherukupalli mandals respectively. During pegging stage, highest leaf miner larval incidence recorded at Karlapalem with a population of 2.37 larvae per plant with 40.27 per cent leaf damage. Highest number of coccinellids and spiders with a population of 0.45 and 1.64 respectively per plant observed at Pedakakani and Cherukupalli mandals respectively. In Prakasam district, highest leaf miner larval incidence of 1.2 larvae per plant with 36.25 per cent damage during vegetative stage observed at Chinaganjam. Highest number of coccinellids and spiders observed at Vetapalem with a population of 0.44 and 0.68 respectively per plant. During pegging stage, highest larval incidence recorded of 2.59 larvae per plant with 43.21 per cent leaf damage observed at Chinaganjam. Highest number of coccinellids and spiders with 1.1 and 0.52 respectively per plant observed at Vetapalem and Chinaganjam mandals respectively. Management studies revealed that thiamethoxam 25 % WG was found effective against thrips and leafhoppers with 65.07 and 60.25 per cent reduction of thrips and leafhoppers respectively over control. Thiacloprid 480 SC was found effective in reduction of aphids with 57.09 per cent reduction over control. Spinosad 45 SC was found to be effective in the reduction of leaf miner larval population and its per cent damage by 66.78 and 38.24 per cent reduction over control respectively. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG was found effective in reducing the larval population of S. litura and its per cent damage by 66.95 and 33.98 per cent reduction over control respectively. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG was found effective in reduction of the larval population of bud borer and its damage by 69.85 and 35.85 per cent reduction over control respectively. Chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide resulted in highest per cent reduction of 37.58, 37.27, 34.66 per cent reduction of coccinellids over control and these found harmful to coccinellids. Cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole resulted in highest per cent reduction of spiders 34.45, 32.14 and 31.93 per cent over control and found harmful to the spiders. Among the treatments, spinosad 45 % SC recorded highest yield of 6.25 kg per plot (3125 kg/ha) with an increase of 92.48 per cent yield over control with highest cost benefit ratio of 1.45 over the other treatments. However, all the treatments were found significantly superior over untreated control both in terms of pest suppression and yield in groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) AND Maruca vitrata (GEYER) IN PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan L.)
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) DIVYASREE, CHINTA; SREEKANTH, M
    A field experiment entitled “SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) AND Maruca vitrata (GEYER) IN PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan L.)” was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam, Guntur during kharif, 2018 with an aim to know the Resistant/tolerant pigeonpea genotypes, occurrence and eco-friendly management of H. armigera and M. vitrata. Among the genotypes screened, RKPV 527-01, GJP 1606, JKM 189, BDN 711, ICPL 87119, RVSA 16-4, IPA 15-05 and LRG 467 were found resistant to both H.armigera and M.vitrata. The peak moth (6.8 moths/trap/week) and larval (4.00 larvae/plant) population of H.armigera was observed during last week of October (43rd SMW) and second week of November (45th SMW), respectively. The peak moth (7.2 moths/trap/week) and larval (4.6 larvae/plant) population M.vitrata was observed during third week of November (46th SMW). Adult and larval population of H.armigera and M.vitrata were found significantly correlated with maximum temperature and evaporation. All the weather variables together contributed to the incidence of H.armigera adult and larval population by 62.00 (R2= 0.62) and 74.00 (R2= 0.74) per cent, respectively. Similarly, all the weather variables together contributed to the incidence of M.vitrata adult and larval population by 73.00 (R2= 0.73 and 70.00 (R2= 0.70) per cent, respectively. Among different eco-friendly products evaluated against H.armigera and M.vitrata, spinosad 45 % SC @ 73 g a.i/ha, followed by NSKE @ 5 % were found effective with less no. of larvae and there by less pod and seed damage. Thus, spinosad 45 % SC @ 73 g a.i/ha has recorded 92.36 and 92.84 % reduction of larval populations of H.armigera and M.vitrata, respectively over control. Similarly, it has recorded xiv 83.78 and 78.57 % per cent reduction of pod damage due to H.armigera and M.vitrata, respectively over control. Whereas, NSKE 5% respectively recorded 70.76% and 75.82 % reduction of larval population of H.armigera and M.vitrata. Similarly, resulted in 64.85 and 61.89% reduction of pod damage over control. Furthur, higher grain yield with highest incremental cost benefit ratio (ICBR) was recorded in spinosad 45 % SC @ 73 g a.i/ha (1640kg/ha and 6.59, respectively ), followed by NSKE @ 5% ( 973 kg/ha and 6.52, repectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) AND Maruca vitrata (GEYER) IN PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan L.)
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) DIVYASREE, CHINTA; SREEKANTH, M
    A field experiment entitled “SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) AND Maruca vitrata (GEYER) IN PIGEONPEA (Cajanus cajan L.)” was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam, Guntur during kharif, 2018 with an aim to know the Resistant/tolerant pigeonpea genotypes, occurrence and eco-friendly management of H. armigera and M. vitrata. Among the genotypes screened, RKPV 527-01, GJP 1606, JKM 189, BDN 711, ICPL 87119, RVSA 16-4, IPA 15-05 and LRG 467 were found resistant to both H.armigera and M.vitrata. The peak moth (6.8 moths/trap/week) and larval (4.00 larvae/plant) population of H.armigera was observed during last week of October (43rd SMW) and second week of November (45th SMW), respectively. The peak moth (7.2 moths/trap/week) and larval (4.6 larvae/plant) population M.vitrata was observed during third week of November (46th SMW). Adult and larval population of H.armigera and M.vitrata were found significantly correlated with maximum temperature and evaporation. All the weather variables together contributed to the incidence of H.armigera adult and larval population by 62.00 (R2= 0.62) and 74.00 (R2= 0.74) per cent, respectively. Similarly, all the weather variables together contributed to the incidence of M.vitrata adult and larval population by 73.00 (R2= 0.73 and 70.00 (R2= 0.70) per cent, respectively. Among different eco-friendly products evaluated against H.armigera and M.vitrata, spinosad 45 % SC @ 73 g a.i/ha, followed by NSKE @ 5 % were found effective with less no. of larvae and there by less pod and seed damage. Thus, spinosad 45 % SC @ 73 g a.i/ha has recorded 92.36 and 92.84 % reduction of larval populations of H.armigera and M.vitrata, respectively over control. Similarly, it has recorded xiv 83.78 and 78.57 % per cent reduction of pod damage due to H.armigera and M.vitrata, respectively over control. Whereas, NSKE 5% respectively recorded 70.76% and 75.82 % reduction of larval population of H.armigera and M.vitrata. Similarly, resulted in 64.85 and 61.89% reduction of pod damage over control. Furthur, higher grain yield with highest incremental cost benefit ratio (ICBR) was recorded in spinosad 45 % SC @ 73 g a.i/ha (1640kg/ha and 6.59, respectively ), followed by NSKE @ 5% ( 973 kg/ha and 6.52, repectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MONITORING OF RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT IN Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) ON BOLLGUARD II
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) MARUTI, NADUVALAKERI; DURGA PRASAD, N. V. V. S.
    The studies on “Seasonal Incidence and Monitoring of Resistance Development in Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Bollguard II” were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam, Guntur during Kharif, 2018-19 with an aim to study the seasonal incidence, performance of popular BG II cotton hybrids of Andhra Pradesh against pink bollworm and monitoring of resistance development, growth and development of pink bollworm on Cry toxins i.e., Cry1Ac and Cry 2Ab. Seasonal incidence of pink bollworm was conducted in bulk plots with Jaadoo BG II cotton hybrid to assess the pink bollworm incidence at field level in correlation with weather factors under the controlled condition for sucking pests. In the study, the seasonal occurrence of pink bollworm by pheromone monitoring revealed that the catches of male moths of pink bollworm on cotton started from the month of August, crossed ETL (72.88 moths/trap/week) at 46th Standard week and the highest trap catch (1756.13 moths/trap/week) was observed during 4th week of January corresponding to 4th standard week. The correlation studies showed that pheromone trap catch was exhibited significant positive correlation and significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity and minimum temperature respectively. Regarding green boll damage, green boll locule damage and larval incidence was started from the month of November, the peak damage was recorded after three weeks of peak pheromone trap catches, with 95 % green boll damage, 59.3 % green boll locule damage and the larval incidence (33 larvae /20 bolls) was observed in 1st week February corresponding to 5th standard week i.e., 176 days after sowing. Weather parameters have influenced the pheromone trap catch to the extent of 44.95 per cent (R2=0.44), green boll damage up to 84.92 per cent (R2 =0.84), green boll locule damage up to 90.30 percent (R2=0.90) and incidence of pink bollworm larvae in cotton bolls to the extent of 91.40 per cent (R2=0.91) in transgenic BG II cotton. xv Filed investigation of the performance of popular BG II cotton hybrids of Andhra Pradesh against pink bollworm was assessed in an experiment with RBD design consisting of eight BG II hybrids viz., Jaadoo BG II, Raja BG II, Bhakti BG II, ATM BG II, Super B BG II, Neo BG II and RCH-659 BG II and one check with non-Bt cotton (NDLH-1938) during kharif, 2018-19. Field evaluation of different popular BG II cotton hybrids of Andhra Pradesh against pink bollworm indicated that there is no rosette flower up to the harvest, the incidence of pink bollworm in bolls was started at 110 days after sowing. The mean per cent damage in terms of green boll damage (27.14 %, 29.05 % and 30.95 %), green boll locule damage (10.92% 12.12% and 11.51%) and mean larval incidence (3.05 larvae / 10 bolls, 3.00 larvae / 10 bolls and 3.48 larvae / 10 bolls) was lower in Raja BG II, ATM BG II and Super BG II cotton hybrids compared to other test hybrids, but the highest incidence 50.95 % green boll damage, 26.26 % green locule damage and 7.70 larvae / 10 bolls were observed in control check i.e., non Bt cotton (NDLH-1938), however the same trend was continued in open boll damage and open locule damage at harvest respectively and Raja BG II, ATM BG II and Super BG II test hybrids were superior over all other test hybrids tested because of early termination nature of the hybrids which escaped from later season incidence when compared to other test hybrids. The experiment on monitoring of resistance development, growth and development of pink bollworm on Cry toxins was conducted in laboratory at RARS, Lam, Guntur, for which the pink bollworm populations were collected from Guntur, Prakasam, Krishna (Andhra Pradesh), Nalgonda (Telangana) in November and Raichur (Karnataka) in the month of September during 2018 and the collected population were reared to F1 generation on semi-synthetic diet and neonates were assayed with Cry toxins i.e., Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. Resistance development in pink bollworm against Cry toxin in populations collected from different locations indicated that the Guntur district population showed a high level of resistance with an LC50 value of 3.621 µg ml-1 of Cry1Ac with a resistance ratio of 724.20 for Cry1Ac, but the lowest level of resistance was observed in Nalgonda district with LC50 value of 0.257 µg ml-1 of Cry1Ac with resistance ratio of 51.40 for Cry1Ac and again Guntur district population showed a high level of resistance with an LC50 value of 4.326 µg ml-1 of Cry2Ab with resistance ratio of 1442.00, but the lowest level of resistance was observed in Raichur district with LC50 value of 1.436 µg ml-1 of Cry2Ab with resistance ratio of 478.67 for Cry2Ab. Which indicate that BG II cotton which contain Cry1Ac + Cry 2Ab not able to control PBW because of resistance development. Growth and development of surviving pink bollworm larvae on Cry toxins under laboratory conditions revealed that larval period, larval weight, pupal weight, pupal period, per cent pupation and per cent adult emergence of pink bollworm showed that the effect of both toxins i.e., Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab at higher conc.(10 ppm in Cry1Ac and 5 ppm in Cry2Ab), lower conc. (0.01 ppm in both toxins) and untreated populations of respective districts were found narrow with marginal difference due to probable development of resistance to Cry toxins which was reflected in the field condition with huge population levels at fag end of the crop.