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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF ECOFRIENDLY TECHNIQUES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF STEM BORERS, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) AND Sesamia inferens (Walker) IN MAIZE
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) ANIL KUMAR, K; MADHUMATHI, T
    Investigations on the effect of organic amendments at high and normal densities of maize on the incidence of stem borer, influence of morphological and biochemical plant characters of maize on the stem borer incidence, evaluation of organics and botanicals in the management of stem borer were conducted at College Farm and Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla and a roving survey was conducted in Guntur and Krishna districts of Andhra Pradesh to ascertain the occurrence of maize stem borers. All these experiments were conducted for four consecutive seasons i.e., on kharif 2017-18, rabi 2017-18, kharif 2018-19 and rabi 2018-19 on Chilo partellus Swinhoe (in kharif) and Sesamia inferens Walker (in rabi) The two plant densities (main plots) of maize tested were on par with each other with regard to the stem borer infestation and organic amendments (sub plots) significantly differed from others with lowest per cent leaf infestation (12.23%), dead hearts (1.48%), stem tunneling (2.66%), number of exit holes (0.45), number of larvae (0.31) and number of pupae (0.18) observed in untreated control and highest leaf infestation (22.91%), dead hearts (5.36%), stem tunneling (16%), number of exit holes (1.55), number of larvae (1.00) and number of pupae (0.74) in RDF treatment against C. partellus during kharif 2017-18 & 18-19. Similarly during rabi the same trend was followed with lowest per cent leaf infestation (16.0%), dead hearts (3.25%), stem tunneling (8.52%), number of exit holes (0.93), number of larvae (0.63) and number of pupae (0.28) observed in untreated control and highest leaf infestation (29.54%), dead hearts (7.32%), stem tunneling (17.47%), number of exit holes (2.16), number of larvae (1.36) and number of pupae (0.75) in RDF treatment against S. inferens. However all the organic amendments alone treated plots are on par with untreated control having lower infestation levels and yields while organic manures + 75% RDF treated plots are almost on par with RDF treated plots in terms of infestation levels and yield of maize. xxii Correlations of morphological plant characters with stem borer incidence revealed that some of morphological characters have correlation with the stem borer infestation and showed significance in both normal plant density and high plant density of maize. During kharif 2017-18 & 2018-19 the morphological plant characters like number of nodes, plant height, cob height, leaf length and leaf width recorded nonsignificant positive correlation with leaf infestation and dead hearts by C. partellus. Significant positive correlations with leaf infestation and dead heart damage were observed with cob length, internodal length, stem diameter, 100 grain weight and dry matter. However, significant negative correlation was observed between leaf infestation, dead heart and trichome density. Similar results were also observed with high density planting. During rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19, the morphological plant characters like cob height, leaf length, leaf width recorded non-significant positive correlations while, number of nodes, plant height, cob length, internodal length, stem diameter, 100 grain weight recorded significant positive correlation with S. inferens leaf infestation and dead heart damage whereas, trichome density recorded significant negative correlation. At high density, the morphological characters like number of nodes, plant height, cob height, leaf length, leaf width, total dry matter of the plant, cob length recorded nonsignificant correlation with S. inferens leaf infestation and dead heart damage whereas 100 grain weight, internodal length and stem diameter showed significant correlation with both leaf infestation and dead heart damage. During kharif 2017-18 & 2018-19, at 45 days after sowing (normal plant density), the biochemical plant characters like nitrogen, carbohydrate and protein recorded significant correlation with leaf infestation of C.partellus while, phenols recorded non-significant negative correlation. Similar correlation results were observed at 75 days after sowing. During rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19, at 45 days after sowing (normal plant density), the biochemical plant characters like nitrogen, carbohydrate and protein recorded significant correlation with leaf infestation of S. inferens while, phenols recorded non-significant negative correlation. Similar correlation results were observed at 75 days after sowing. Survey conducted during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19 revealed that in Guntur district, the least infestation of maize by C. partellus in terms of per cent leaf infestation (12.37%), dead heart percentage (8.64%), stem tunneling length (1.83), no. of larvae (0.32), no. of pupae (0.17) and no. of exit holes (0.33) was observed in Narasaraopet mandal. The highest per cent leaf infestation (23.39%), with high dead heart percentage (21.56%) recorded in Pedanandipadu mandal while, Ponnur recorded highest tunneling length (3.6) and found more no. of larvae (0.49), no. of pupae (0.29) and no. of exit holes (0.58) compared to other mandals surveyed. In Krishna district, Veerullapadu mandal recorded the least infestation of maize by C. partellus in terms of per cent leaf infestation (10.25%), dead heart percentage (6.67%), stem tunneling length (1.87) and found less no. of larvae (0.24), no. of pupae (0.11) and no. of exit holes (0.23) and Musunuru mandal recorded the highest per cent leaf infestation (22.66%), dead heart percentage (20.16%), tunnel length (3.00) and found more no. of larvae (0.42), no. of pupae (0.22) and no. of exit holes (0.48) compared to other mandals surveyed during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19. More number of spiders and coccinellids were recorded in Pedanandipadu mandal (2.96 & 7.09) and xxiii least in Narsaraopet mandal (1.58 & 3.82) of Guntur district and in Krishna district more number of spiders and coccinellids were recorded in Musunuru mandal (3.53 & 7.33) and least in Veerullapadu mandal (1.40 & 3.68). During rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19, Narasaraopet mandal recorded the least infestation of maize by S. inferens in terms of per cent leaf infestation (18.28%), dead heart percentage (15.16%), stem tunneling length (2.66) and found less no. of larvae (0.39), no. of pupae (0.22) and Battiprolu mandal recorded the least no. of exit holes (0.38). However, Ponnur mandal recorded the highest per cent leaf infestation (28.05%) with stem tunneling length (5.71), Battiprolu mandal recorded highest dead heart percentage (22.66%) and no. of pupae (0.34), Pedanandipadu mandal recorded more no. of larvae (0.63), and no. of exit holes (0.48) compared to other mandals surveyed in Guntur district. In Krishna district, Veerullapadu mandal recorded the least infestation of maize by S. inferens in terms of per cent leaf infestation (15.33), dead heart percentage (12.97), stem tunneling length (2.10) and found less no. of larvae (0.24), no. of pupae (0.18) and no. of exit holes (0.17) and Mylavaram mandal recorded the highest per cent leaf infestation (24.28), dead heart percentage (21.26) and musunuru mandal recorded highest tunnel length (3.81) and G. Konduru found more no. of larvae (0.51), Mylavaram mandal recorded more no. of pupae (0.33) and no. of exit holes (0.57). More number of spiders and coccinellids were recorded in Battiprolu mandal (2.42); Ponnuru mandal (4.74) and least in Narsaraopet mandal (1.39), Battiprolu (3.54) in Guntur district and more number of spiders recorded in Mylavaram mandal (2.69), coccinellids in Musunuru mandal (7.12) and least in Veerullapadu mandal (1.18; 2.58). During kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19 carbofuran 3G@ 12.5 kg ha-1 recorded 47.7 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation of maize by C. partellus over untreated control (UTC), lowest per cent dead hearts (2.28%) followed by NSKE (5%) which recorded 35.2 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation over UTC with 4.33% dead hearts. However, UTC recorded highest dead hearts (8.52%) by C. partellus. Similarly, during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 carbofuran 3G @ 12.5 kg ha-1 found to be the best over other treatments and recorded 45 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation of maize by S. inferens over UTC, lowest per cent dead hearts (7.05%) followed by NSKE (5%) which recorded 33.7 per cent mean reduction of leaf infestation over UTC with 8.00% dead hearts. However UTC recorded highest dead hearts (13.96%). The data of stem tunneling, exit holes, larvae of C. partellus and S. inferens also followed the same trend. The results of benefit to cost ratio inferred NSKE (5%) as the best treatment in reducing the C.partellus infestation and increasing of yields with 3.89 in kharif and 2.99 in rabi. It was followed by carbofuran 3G @ 12.5 kg ha-1 with 2.53 in kharif and 2.35 in rabi. All other botanicals and organics tested proved to be ineffective and showed very low benefit to cost ratios. The pooled data (four seasons) pertaining to effect of botanicals and organics on natural enemies showed highest number of spiders in UTC (1.15), NSKE (5%) (1.10) and cow urine (10%) (1.06) and lowest number of spiders found in carbofuran 3G@ 12.5 kg ha-1 (0.38) and panchagavya (3%) (0.51). Similarly, highest number of coccinellids were recorded in UTC (1.38), NSKE (5%) (1.34) and cow urine (10%) (1.25) and lowest in carbofuran 3G@ 12.5 kg ha-1 (0.49) and panchagavya (3%) (0.61)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF CERTAIN BRINJAL GENOTYPES AGAINST SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER Leucinodes orbonalis (GUENEE) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) CHINNABBAI, CHETTUBATHINA; DAYAKAR, S
    The present investigations on “Molecular and biochemical variability of certain brinjal genotypes against shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)” were carried out at college of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem during both Rabi and Kharif seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18, 2017-18 and 2018-19. Studies on screening of genotypes against shoot and fruit borer revealed that none of the genotypes showed complete resistance to shoot and fruit borer. Significantly lowest shoot infestation (9.01 %), as well as fruit infestation (12.73 %) were recorded with IC 136061.The highest infestation of shoot (34.99 %) and fruit (46.77 %) was recorded on Dommeru Local.The shoot infestation on remaining genotypes ranged from 11.34 % to 30.96 % and while the same for was 15.39 % to 43.79 %. Based on per cent fruit infestation genotypes fourteen genotypes viz., IC 136061 (12.73%), IC 136148 (15.39%), IC 135912 (16.08%), IC 136299 (16.14%), IC 136041(16.23%), IC 136296 (16.94%), IC 154517 (17.18%), A.Nidhi (17.18%), IC 203589 (17.23%), IC 213564 (17.46%), S.Pratibh (17.54%), IC 137751(19.06%), IC 144525 (19.42%) and IC 136231(19.89%) were categorized as moderately resistant due to low level of fruit infestation (11-20 %). In the remaining genotypes, twenty four were categorized as tolerant (20.00 to 30.00 % fruit infestation), twenty as susceptible (30.00 to 40.00 % fruit infestation) and five genotypes as highly susceptible (above 40.00 % fruit infestation). Genotype IC 136061 recorded highest fruit yield (1.484 kg plant-1) whereas VR 02 recorded lowest fruit yield (0.211 kg plant-1). The fruit yield in the remaining genotypes was ranged from 0.279 to 1.089 kg plant-1. IC 136148 (1.089 kg plant-1), A.Nidhi (1.070 kg plant-1) and IC 135912 (1.051 kg plant-1) were the other promising moderately resistant genotypes with low per cent shoot and fruit infestation and higher yield. xix The influence of physicomorphic and biochemical factors of shoot and fruit on the infestation of shoot and fruit borer revealed that per cent shoot infestation showed positive and highly significant correlation with shoot thickness (r = 0.9403), significantly high negative correlation with trichomes on leaf lamina (r = - 0.9755), significantly high negative correlation with trichomes on shoot (r = - 0.9484), non significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.1899), number of branches (r = 0.2395) and plant spread (r = 0.0557). The per cent fruit infestation showed positive correlation with fruit length (r = 0.9403), fruit diameter (r = 0.9755), pedicel length (r = 0.0009), number of branches (r = 0.1921), plant spread (r = 0.0379) while a significant and negative correlation with calyx length (r = - 0.3298). The per cent shoot infestation showed negative and highly significant correlation with phenol content in shoot (r = - 0.9587), highly significant and negative correlation with peroxidase content in shoot(r = - 0.9645), highly significant and negative correlation with PAL content in shoot (r = - 0.9692). Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between phenol content of shoot with peroxidase (r = 9937) and PAL (r = 0.9776). Peroxidase and PAL also showed highly significant and positive correlation (r = 0.9911). The per cent fruit infestation showed negative and highly significant correlation with phenol content in fruit (r = - 0.9717), highly significant and negative correlation with peroxidase content in fruit (r = - 0. 9586), highly significant and negative correlation with PAL content in fruit (r = - 0.9719). Significant and highly positive correlation was observed between phenol content of fruit with peroxidise (r = 0.9628) and PAL (r = 0.9758). Peroxidase and PAL also showed highly significant and positive correlation (r = 0.9643). The highest PIC was recorded in the SSR marker 133 (0.5911), while it was found to be lowest for the marker 120 (0.3504). SSR marker 139 recorded the highest heterozygosity of 0.5801 while the lowest in 133 (0.2217). All the genotypes under the present investigation were found to have unique allelic profiles with SSR loci.The ten selected SSR primers amplified alleles across the 60 genotypes and 3 checks with varying degrees of polymorphism. High level of polymorphism was observed with as many as 3 alleles per locus with 131,133 and 134 primers. The high level of polymorphism obtained with SSRs in the present study is consistent with their known characteristics that they were more variable and revealed greater diversity. The similarity index based on 10 SSR markers ranged from 0.200 to 1.000 Out of the seven modules evaluated against shoot and fruit borer, M1(moderately resistant genotype) found effective by recording low mean shoot infestation (11.76%), fruit infestation (15.05%) and was significantly superior over other modules. M7 (farmers practice) was the next best performer with 14.28% and 19.51% of shoot and fruit infestation respectively and was followed by M6 (17.69%, 31.34%), M5 (20.61% and 36.33%), M4 (23.24% and 39.75%), M3 (25.82% and 43.55%) and M2 (29.23%, 50.45%). In overall mean fruit infestation on weight basis also M1 showed significant superiority in performance over other modules. xx In terms of marketable fruit yield, M7 (farmers’ practice) effective as it recorded significantly highest marketable fruit yield (31692.27 kg ha-1) followed by M1 (31315.20 kg ha-1), M6 (25603.20 kg ha-1), M5 (23654.40 kg ha-1), M4 (19159.47 kg ha-1), M3 (17808.00 kg ha-1) and M2 (15052.80 kg ha-1). Observations on yield and cost economics of different IPM modules revealed that module M7 showed superiority over other modules in terms of yield ( 31692.27 kg ha-1), cost of production (Rs. 121750.00 ha-1) and gross returns (Rs.380307.20 ha-1). Module M1 produced 31315.20 kg ha-1 fruit yield, incurred low production cost (Rs.93137.00 ha-1) with gross returns of Rs. 375782.40 ha-1. The highest B: C ratio of 4.03:1 was registered with M1 and next best was M7 with 3.38:1. From the above investigation conducted for two years, it was concluded that selection of a moderately resistant variety and adoption of IPM methods are more effective in the management of shoot and fruit borer and was economically profitable.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF SPOTTED STEM BORER, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) THROUGH ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING IN MAIZE
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) RAVI KUMAR, V; MADHUMATHI, T
    Experiments were conducted at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla during kharif and rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 with objectives to identify suitable leguminous intercrops and gramineous trap crops in maize for the management of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Among the leguminous intercrops evaluated, maize-cowpea intercropping system supported with higher number of coccinellid beetles (0.93 /plant) and spiders (1.02/plant) than maize sole crop, which recorded 0.53 coccinellid beetles and 0.71 spiders /plant. These natural enemies suppressed C. partellus damage in maize that resulted in reduced foliage damage (15.18%), dead hearts (4.79%) and larval density (0.81/plant) when compared to maize sole crop i.e., 26.80 per cent, 8.80 per cent and 1.48 per plant, respectively. Results indicated that maize-green gram and maize-black gram intercropping systems were the next best treatments in suppressing C. partellus incidence. Influence of cowpea intercropping on C. partellus incidence in maize was clearly reflected on grain yield. Maize-cowpea intercropping system produced higher grain yield (5643 kg/ha) over maize sole crop (4553 kg/ha). Studies pertaining to evaluation of suitable gramineous trap crops for the management of C. partellus revealed the glory of napier grass. Maize trap cropped with napier grass treatment recorded with least foliage damage (9.62%), dead hearts (1.99%) and larval density (0.35larave/plant) found significantly superior to maize xiv sole crop which had shown highest foliage damage (29.30%), dead hearts (8.83%) and larval density (1.14 larvae/plant). Yield parameters clearly indicated the influence of napier grass in suppressing C. partellus incidence by showing highest grain yield of 5813 kg/ha compared to maize sole crop that recorded 4585 kg/ha. Sorghum and sudan grass were found to be next best trap crops while bajra was ineffective in managing C. partellus. Ovipositional studies revealed the effectiveness of napier grass as a trap crop against C. partellus. Results from dual-choice tests indicated that female moths of C. partellus preferred to oviposit on napier grass instead of maize. Significantly higher number of egg batches (4.5/plant) and total number of eggs (354.6/plant) were laid on napier grass than maize (2.3 egg batches/plant and 148 eggs). Larval survival and development studies indicated the greater mortality of C. partellus larvae occurred within five days on napier grass. None of the C. partellus larvae survived upto pupation in napier grass while 38.80 per cent larvae pupated in case of maize. Integration of different pest management approaches for the management C. partellus revealed that cultural+biological+chemical method of treatment reduced foliage damage (8.19%), dead hearts (2.40%) and larval density (0.38/plant) over untreated control. The per cent stem tunnelling was least (2.70) in case of cultural+biological+chemical method of treatment where as untreated maize crop recorded highest tunnelling length (9.21). Cultural method alone was on par with cultural+biological+chemical method in suppressing C. prtellus incidence which indicated its importance in integrated pest management practice. Highest grain yield (6096 kg/ha) was observed in cultural+biological+chemical method of treatment than remaining combinations of pest management and least grain yield in untreated control (4596 kg/ha). Higher net profits were observed in cultural method (Rs 23015/-), cultural+biological method (Rs 21619/-) and cultural+biological+ chemical method (RS 21429/-). The incremental benefit cost ratio was higher in cultural method (6.67) followed by cultural+biological (3.84), cultural+chemical (3.65) and cultural+biological+chemical method (2.70).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INSECTICIDE INDUCED RESURGENCE OF RICE BROWN PLANTHOPPER, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) AND MANAGEMENT WITH CERTAIN INSECTICIDES
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) ANAND KUMAR, A. D. V. S. L. P.; RAMA RAO, C.V.
    Indiscriminate use of insecticides is leading to resurgence of insect pests in various crops. Rice brown planthopper management has become very difficult due to its ability to develop resurgence to different insecticides regularly used by the farmers. Keeping this in view studies were initiated to find out the insecticides causing resurgence and their effect on biology of brown planthopper and also reasons for resurgence. Studies were also conducted to find out the effective insecticide rotations for management of BPH during kharif and rabi 2017-18. Information generated on insecticide usage pattern adopted by the rice growers revealed that calendar based sprays irrespective of pest and disease incidence, use of non-recommended synthetic pyrethroids for controlling insect pests, application of insecticides at higher doses than the recommended level, mixing more than one pesticide (cock tails) to control insect pests and diseases simultaneously and defective spraying etc. are some of the practices followed by the rice growers contributing to the resurgence of brown planthopper infesting rice. Brown planthopper had two peaks with first peak during 41st SMW (i. e., second week of October 2016) followed by second peak during 43rd SMW (i. e., fourth week of October 2016) during kharif 2016. During rabi 2016-17, the activity of BPH was found initially low during 7th SMW (February 12-18) and gradually increased during successive standard weeks (8th-14th SMW) and reached the highest number during 14th SMW (i.e., first week of April). The incidence of WBPH attained peak initially during 38th SMW (September 17-23) and later during third week of October (42nd SMW) during kharif 2016, while in rabi 2016-17 first WBPH was noticed during 7th SMW (February 12-18) and population increased gradually during successive weeks and attained peak number during 13th SMW (March 26-April 1). Brown planthopper had significant negative relationship with morning relative humidity of current week and sunshine hours of two weeks earlier but positive correlation with evening relative humidity two weeks earlier in kharif 2016. Maximum and minimum temperatures (current week, one week and two weeks xviii earlier) and evening relative humidity two weeks earlier in rabi had significantly positive impact on population of BPH. White backed planthopper had significant negative relation with morning relative humidity of current week during kharif 2016. None of the abiotic factors has showed significant relationship with activity of WBPH during rabi 2016-17. Field population of both BPH and WBPH had a positive relationship with light trap catches of planthoppers. The field populations of BPH and WBPH are in the proportion of 69.00 per cent and 31.00 per cent, respectively during kharif 2016 and 98.00 per cent and 2.00 per cent, respectively during rabi 2016-17. Among fourteen insecticides screened in field during kharif and rabi 2016-17 for induction of resurgence in BPH, seven insecticides viz., chlorpyriphos, profenophos, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin and imidacloprid significantly increased the population of N. lugens over untreated check and consequently resulted in higher resurgence, whereas the remaining i.e., acephate, monocrotophos, cartap hydrochloride, fipronil, chlorantraniliprole, buprofezin and pymetrozine can be used judiciously, with periodic monitoring for development of resistance and induction of resurgence. The resurgence inducing mechanism of seven identified insecticides was studied in detail in green house experiments. The results revealed that out of seven insecticides applied at two doses (half of the recommended field dose and recommended field dose), four insecticides viz., cypermethrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin and lambda cyhalothrin significantly enhanced the reproductive rate (153.67 to 227.67 nymphs / 2 females) of N. lugens and consequently resulted in higher resurgence ratio (1.17 to 1.74 folds). Increase in feeding index (144.33 mm2 to 496.00 mm2 honey dew area), growth index (6.35 % to 7.11 %) and sex ratio in favour of females (1.39 to 1.84 females per 1 male) were the additional factors contributing to the resurgence in the population of the brown planthopper caused by the application of synthetic pyrethroids. While chlorpyriphos, profenophos and imidacloprid resulted in brown planthopper resurgence through changes in the nutritional quality of the host plant that may favour the phytophagus herbivores as indicated by the increased feeding indices (135.33 mm2 to 326.33 mm2 honey dew area). The results obtained from both field and green house experiments in the present investigation revealed that insecticide induced resurgence in the populations of brown planthopper is due to the direct stimulatory effect on the reproductive potential of the insect, indirect effect through favourable changes in the nutritional quality of rice plant and selective destruction of natural enemies. Field experiments carried out during kharif and rabi 2017-18 revealed that fipronil (1000 ml ha-1) followed by pymetrozine (300 g ha-1), buprofezin (800 ml ha-1) followed by pymetrozine (300 g ha-1) and acephate (750 g ha-1) followed by pymetrozine (300 g ha-1) were the most effective insecticide rotations in the management of brown planthopper and recorded higher grain yields. With regard to cost benefit ratio, insecticide rotations, acephate (750 g ha-1) followed by pymetrozine (300 g ha-1) and fipronil (1000 g ha-1) followed by pymetrozine (300 g ha-1) had the highest cost benefit ratio of 1: 6.01 and 1: 6.03, respectively. Buprofezin (800 ml ha-1) followed by pymetrozine (300 g ha-1) and fipronil (1000 ml ha-1) followed by dinotefuran (250 g ha-1) are the next best rotations with cost benefit ratioof 1: 5.87 and 1: 5.07, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ASHRAM SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TRIBAL AREAS OF VISAKHAPATNAM
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) HEMA, LOCHALI; BILQUIS
    School is one of the important pillars on which the child’s personality is formed. It is the place where children are disciplined, have contacts with peers, form friendship and participate in social groups with other children. During the adolescence, peers become increasingly important in their lives. Their interaction becomes more complex with age. Social support from friends assists the children to adjust well in school and to be better able to handle situations related to school environment at this stage. Good academic performance is vital for entrance into quality schools, colleges and universities. Children’s admission into good professional courses is decided based on their academic achievement in the examinations. Children aware in examination and results be the display of their worth. Success in school plays an essential role in affecting a student’s future opportunities. The quality of a school strongly influences student achievement and has an orderly, conducive atmosphere; an active, energetic principal and teachers who take part in making decisions. Every child need safe, healthy and stimulating environment for overall development. The school environment plays an important role as children spend 6 to 8 hours at school. Suitable surroundings that stimulates development is necessary for best learning out comes in child. Experiences at school exerts impact on performance through curricular, teaching technique and relationship. However, supportive and favourable school environment enriched with enough learning facilities and favourable climate makes students more comfortable to concentrate on their academic activities that resulted in high academic performance. The present study was conducted to know the association between School environment and Academic performance. The sample collected includes students NAME : HEMA LOCHALI ID. NO. : GHM/2017-09 TITLE OF THE THESIS : A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ASHRAM SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TRIBAL AREAS OF VISAKHAPATNAM DEGREE TO WHICH IT IS SUBMITTED : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HOME SCIENCE MAJOR FIELD : HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY STUDIES FACULTY : HOME SCIENCE MAJOR GUIDE : Dr. BILQUIS UNIVERSITY : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY YEAR OF SUBMISSION: 2019 studying in7th, 8th, and 9th classes from the four organized settings. Purposive sampling method was adopted for selection of the data. Tools used to collect data were general information schedule, check list on infrastructural facilities developed by investigator and School environment inventory developed by Dr. Karuna Shankar Misra (1989). Academic achievement was taken by calculating the average marks of each student for the past five years. Results revealed that most of the tribal adolescents were from nuclear families and low socio-economic status. Majority of the tribal adolescents have exhibited high levels on school environment dimensions which includes creative stimulation, cognitive encouragement, acceptance, permissiveness, rejection and control. The results reveal that there was a significant differentiation between boys and girls in all the dimensions of school environment. However Boys scored high on the permissiveness dimension compared to girls and girls scored high on the control dimension than boys. There was a significant difference among the academic attainment of Boys and Girls where girls performed better than boys in all the subjects. The results revealed that there was no significant correlation between the overall school climate and educational progress of adolescents in Ashram schools. The study helps in planning suitable activities for improving the quality of School environment and Academic achievement of Ashram schools.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE ISOLATES OF Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) FROM COTTON CULTIVATED SOILS OF GUNTUR DISTRICT, AP
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) PAVANI, SANAPALA; SAI RAM KUMAR, D.V
    The present investigation was conducted at the Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla during 2018-19 on “ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE ISOLATES OF Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) FROM COTTON CULTIVATED SOILS OF GUNTUR DISTRICT, AP”. A total of 62 soil samples were collected from five intensively cotton grown mandals of Guntur district during pre-sowing and mid crop season (45 - 50 days) of cotton. The physico – chemical properties of soil like pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter were analyzed. All the samples were subjected to Gram staining, endospore staining and crystal staining. The 15 isolates viz., KV2S1, KV2S3, CV1S1, CV1S2, CV1S3, CV2S3, EV1S1, MPrV2S1, MKV2S1, MKV2S3, MCV1S1, MCV1S2, MCV1S3, MCV2S3 and MEV1S1 were identified as B. thuringiensis, a Gram positive, spore - forming and crystalliferous bacteria. The highest percentage (53 %) of Bt index was obtained from Chilakaluripet mandal. The identified isolates were characterized at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. Many of the isolates viz., KV2S1, CV1S1, CV1S2, CV2S3, MPrV2S1, MKV2S3, MCV1S2, MCV1S3, MCV2S3 and MEV1S1 had shown creamy white, circular, flat, entire and fried egg shape colony. The reactions of the isolates observed in biochemical tests were positive in Voges Proskauer's, Catalase, Citrate, Nitrate reduction, Arginine hydrolysis and carbohydrate fermentation like Sucrose, Trehalose, Glucose and showed negative reactions in ONPG, Malonate, Mannitol and Arabinose tests. Insecticidal crystal protein gene specific primers of cry 1, cry 2, cry 9 and vip 3 were employed in the gene probing and amplification of native B. thuringiensis isolates. Thus the isolates, KV2S1 and MCV1S2 were detected to contain for cry 1 and cry 2 genes respectively. Presence of cry 9 gene was observed with two isolates, MCV1S3, MCV2S3. Only one isolate, MKV2S3 was found to contain vip 3 gene. The protein profiles of native isolates ranging from 29 kDa to 97.2 kDa and above were determined by SDS-PAGE. xiv To ascertain the insecticidal activity of native B. thuringiensis isolates, a bioassay was carried out on third instar larvae of S. litura by using a standard leaf dip bioassay method. Mean per cent mortality of native B. thuringiensis isolates ranged from 33.33 to 90.00 %. Among the 15 native isolates, seven isolates had shown more than 50 % mortality with LD50 values ranging from 7.17×108 to 6.51×1013 CFU ml-1 and LT50 values ranging from 131.68 to 194.42 hpi at a uniform dose of 1×1012 CFU ml-1. The LD50 and LT50 values of reference strain HD1 were 7.26×107 CFU ml-1 and 106.76 hpi respectively. Among native isolates, five isolates viz., KV2S1, MCV1S2, MKV2S3, MCV2S3 and MCV1S3 were faster in lethal action with reference to LT50 values of 131.68 hpi, 133.44 hpi, 137.61 hpi, 143.29 hpi and 145.46 hpi respectively and also recorded least LD50 values of 7.17×108 CFU ml-1, 7.36×109 CFU ml-1, 1.92×1010 CFU ml-1, 2.85×1010 CFU ml-1 and 5.25×1010 CFU ml-1 respectively, wherein first three isolates were detected with cry 1, cry 2 and vip 3 respectively while latter were expressed with cry 9 gene
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MEALYBUG COMPLEX IN COTTON AND MANAGEMENT OF Phenacoccus solenopsis, TINSLEY
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) LAVANYA, BODDEPALLI; RATNA KUMARI, B
    The present investigation on “Studies on mealybug complex in cotton and management of Phenacoccus solenopsis, Tinsley” was carried out during 2018-19. Mealybugs were collected from three districts of Andhra Pradesh to identify their species complex and their natural enemies on cotton. Certain newer insecticides and indigenous materials against cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis were tested in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Agricultural College, Bapatla. A survey was conducted for the identification of species complex of mealybug on cotton in the Andhra Pradesh which included three districts viz., Guntur, Prakasam and Krishna covering two mandals in each district. In each mandal, three villages were selected for the collection of mealybug samples. In Guntur and Prakasam districts, three mealybug species viz., P. solenopsis, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink were noticed on cotton. In addition to these three species, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimple and Miller was also identified on cotton in Krishna district. During the survey, different kinds of natural enemies were found in cotton ecosystem. A total of 13 species of natural enemies were identified. Out of these 13, nine were predators and four were parasitoids. Predators viz., Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius, Brumoides suturalis Fabricius, Scymnus nubilus Mulsant, Coccinella transversalis Linnaeus, Angelies cardoni Weise, Telamonia dimidiate Simon, Hyllus semicupreus Simon, Neoscona theisi Simon, and a Neuropteran grub were identified. Four parasitoids belonging to the family encyrtidae, order Hymenoptera were recorded. xiv Lethal concentrations of six insecticides viz., flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, dinotefuran and profenophos were determined against P. solenopsis crawlers and adults in a bioassay using potter’s spray tower. The LC50 and LC90 values of flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, dinotefuran and profenophos against P. solenopsis crawlers were 9.471 & 88.945 ppm, 1.323 & 10.653 ppm, 3.329 & 27.483 ppm, 25.699 & 276.757 ppm, 34.031 & 273.304 ppm and 14.537 & 111.480 ppm, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, dinotefuran and profenophos against P. solenopsis adults were 37.037 & 531.014 ppm, 2.757 & 13.614 ppm, 15.154 & 119.606 ppm, 48.964 & 573.461 ppm, 42.792 & 295.520 ppm and 30. 992 & 287. 215 ppm, respectively. Five indigenous materials viz., soap solution, starch, neem oil, NSKE and water were tested for their effect on P. solenopsis crawlers and adults by direct spray method of bioassay. The LC50 and LC90 values of soap solution, starch, neem oil and NSKE against P. solenopsis crawlers were 2.084 & 13.430 per cent, 3.130 & 16.836 per cent, 121.451 & 1493.539 ppm and 181.909 & 1587.322 ppm, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of soap solution, starch, neem oil and NSKE against P. solenopsis adults were 3.021 & 16.809 per cent, 5.924 & 23.755 per cent, 272.935 & 4262.431 ppm, 356.775 & 5114.560 ppm, respectively. Combinations treatments of profenophos and indigenous material revealed that the treatment neem oil + profenophos was found to be the most effective against the P. solenopsis crawlers and adults as it had recorded high mean per cent mortality (92.86 per cent & 85.96 per cent). The treatment starch + profenophos was the least effective combination against the P. solenopsis crawlers and adults with mean per cent mortality of 87.72 per cent & 82.72 per cent, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MONITORING OF PREDATORS / PARASITOIDS OF RICE PLANTHOPPER COMPLEX
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SANDEEP KUMAR, GUMMALLA; MALLIKHARJUNA RAO, N
    A field experiment entitled “Monitoring of predators / parasitoids of rice planthopper complex” was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Undi, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2018 to study the influence of weather parameters on the incidence of rice planthoppers and to monitor the occurrence of predators/parasitoids present in rice ecosystem with special emphasis on rice planthopper complex. Incidence of BPH was observed from the 37th SMW i.e. the second week of September with 2 hoppers/10 hill, with the first peak population of BPH at 42nd SMW with 2841 hoppers/10 hill. Furthermore, fluctuations in the incidence were recorded, which again reached the second peak during fourth week of October (43rd SMW) with 2456 hoppers/10 hill. The incidence of BPH was observed up to 47th SMW with 43 hoppers/10 hill and incidence of WBPH initiated from the 38th SMW i.e. third week of September with the population number 6 hoppers/10 hill, with the first peak population of WBPH at 41st SMW with 239 hoppers/ 10 hill. Furthermore, fluctuations in the incidence were recorded, which again reach the second peak during the 42nd SMW i.e. the third week of October with the population number 191 hoppers/10 hill. The incidence of WBPH was observed up to 47th SMW with 19 hoppers/10 hill. The results of correlation studies on field population of BPH with weather parameters indicated that there was a non-significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.529), minimum temperature (r = 0.114) and sunshine hours (r = 0.417) and non-significant and negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r = -0.036), evening relative humidity (r = -0.239), and rainfall (r = -0.268). Correlation studies on field population of WBPH with weather parameters revealed that xiv there was a non-significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.466), sunshine hours (r = 0.263) and non-significant and negative correlation with minimum temperature (r = -0.179), morning relative humidity (r = -0.023), evening relative humidity (-0.039) and rainfall (r = -0.168). In light trap catches, the BPH appeared maximum at 43rd SMW and the second highest peak was during 45th SMW, WBPH was recorded highest at 43rd SMW and the second highest peak was recorded in 45th SMW during kharif 2018. The light trap catches of BPH population had a significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.580), and non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (r = 0.031) and sunshine hours (r = 0.0313) and non-significant and negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r = 0-.126), evening relative humidity (r = -0.454), and rainfall (r = -0.495).While, the light trap catches of WBPH had a significant and positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.593), and non-significant positive correlation with sunshine hours (r =0.367) and significant negative correlation with rainfall (r = -0.666) and non-significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r = -0.091), morning relative humidity (r = -0.426), and evening relative humidity ( -0.289). The results of correlation studies on BPH and its predators indicated that there is a significant positive correlation with spiders, mirids, rove beetle, and damselfly population. It can be clearly understand that the increase in BPH population in accordance with corresponding increases in spiders, mirids, coccinellids, rove beetle and damselfly. The results of correlation studies on WBPH and its predators indicated that there is a significant positive correlation with spiders, mirids, rove beetle, and damselfly population. It can be clearly understand that the increase in WBPH population is in accordance with corresponding increases in spiders, mirids, coccinellids, rove beetle and damselfly. Among the planthopper species, BPH egg masses were parasitized by, Anagrus spp. Oligosita spp. and Gonatocerus spp. between first fortnight of September to second fortnight of November. Anagrus spp. (42.96 %) effected maximum egg parasitism followed by Oligosita spp. (25.27 %) and Gonatocerus spp. (19.98 %) during kharif 2018. However, the WBPH egg masses were parasitized only by Anagrus spp. (59.45 %) and Oligosita spp. (14.89 %). The planthopper nymphs were parasitized by Pseudogonatopus spp. and the per cent nymphal parasitism by Pseudogonatopus spp. ranged from 17.79 % to 30.68 %. The peak activity of the parasitoid species were to the tune of 30.68 % was occurred during the first fortnight of October. Less activity of the parasitoid species were to the tune of 17.79 % occurred during first fortnight of September with a total parasitisation of 26.32 %.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SCREENING OF RICE ENTRIES AGAINST RICE LEAF FOLDER, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (GUENEE) AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH ECOFRIENDLY PRODUCTS
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) SUNITHA, B; RAMA RAO, C.V
    The present investigation on “Screening of rice entries against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) and its management with ecofriendly products” was carried out in the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif 2018 with an aim to identify the resistant rice entries against rice leaf folder and to know the efficacy of ecofriendly products against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee). Forty two rice entries were assessed for the leaf damage caused by rice leaf folder, C. medinalis under both controlled and natural conditions during kharif 2018. Under controlled condition, the lowest mean per cent leaf folder damage was recorded in W 1263 (6.31 %) and BPT 3034 (10.30 %) and highest mean per cent leaf damage recorded in BPT 3059 (48.63 %) and where as the susceptible check (TN-1) which recorded 51.45 per cent leaf damage. Under natural condition, the lowest mean per cent leaf folder damage was recorded in W 1263 (6.58 %) and BPT 3034 (9.39 %) and highest mean per cent leaf damage recorded in BPT 3036 (25.88 %) when compared to the susceptible check (TN-1) which recorded 36.33 per cent leaf damage. In both controlled and natural conditions the entries W 1263 (6.31 and 6.58 %) and BPT 3034 (10.30 and 9.39 %) recorded lowest damage due to rice leaf folder. xiii In management studies, with ecofriendly products against rice leaf folder, C. medinalis revealed that, after three sprays, out of all fifteen treatments flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/l was found to be the most effective by recording the lowest mean per cent leaf damage (6.30 %) with 54.40 per cent reduction over untreated control followed by neem seed kernel extract at 5 per cent (7.24 %) with 48.51 per cent reduction over control when compared to other treatments. All other ecofriendly products recorded less than 50 per cent reduction over control. Among them, brahmastram at 50 ml/l recorded 8.34 per cent leaf damage with 40.49 per cent reduction over control followed by chilli garlic extract at 50 ml/l (8.42 %), agnastram at 50 ml/l (8.53 %), chilli garlic extract at 25 ml/l (9.48 %), neemastram at 50 ml/l (10.30 %), agnastram 25 ml/l (10.50 %), panchapatra extract at 50 ml/l (11.08 %) and brahmastram at 25 ml/l (11.67 %) with 38.40, 39.01, 38.75, 34.08, 31.30, 29.16 and 31.60 per cent reduction over untreated control respectively. The highest leaf folder damage was noticed in datura leaf extract at 50 ml/l with 15.44 per cent leaf damage and 17.05 per cent reduction over control followed by neemastram at 25 ml/l, panchapatra extract at 25 ml/l and datura leaf extract at 25 ml/l with 15.07, 14.38 and 13.39 per cent leaf damage and 22.15, 21.18 and 23.82 per cent reduction over control respectively. Spray with flubendiamide 480 SC @ 0.2 ml/l recorded the highest yield (4664 Kg/ha) with an increase of 69.30 per cent yield over untreated control and it was superior over all other ecofriendly product treatments. Among the ecofriendly products the treatment with neem seed kernel extract at 5 per cent concentration was recorded higher yield (4259 Kg/ha) with 54.58 per cent increased yield over control and other products recorded less than 50.00 per cent yield increase over untreated control