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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FIELD SCREENING OF CERTAIN GENOTYPES AGAINST MAJOR PESTS OF BLACKGRAM AND THEIR MANAGEMENT WITH INDIGENOUS PRODUCTS AND NEWER INSECTICIDES P. PRASHANTHI B.Sc.
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PRASHANTHI, P; CHIRANJEEVI, Ch.
    The present investigation on “Field screening of certain genotypes against major pests of blackgram and their management with indigenous products and newer insecticides” was carried out in the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif and rabi, 2017-18 with an aim to identify the resistant blackgram genotypes against major insect pests and to know the efficacy of indigenous products and newer insecticides against insect pests and influence on natural enemies. Twenty five blackgram genotypes were assessed for the incidence of insect pests viz., whiteflies, thrips and spotted pod borer and correlated with morphological and bio chemical characters of the genotypes in both the kharif and rabi 2017-18. The genotypes, KU-17-114 and KU-17-130 recorded minimum population of whiteflies (1.59 and 3.70 per plant respectively), thrips (1.10 and 0.86 per plant respectively) and minimum per cent pod damage by spotted pod borer (8.72% and 10.69% pod damage/ plant respectively) and hence grouped as low preferred blackgram genotypes for these insect pests. The blackgram genotype, KU-17-114 having low preference for the insect pests has recorded higher trichome density (43.33 trichomes/ cm2), higher amount of total phenol content (12.34 and 10.35 mg, during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively) and lesser quantity of total sugars (33.86 and 26.24 mg, during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively) whereas, the highly preferred genotypes, KU-17-111 and KU-17-116 have recorded less trichome density (12.59 and 11.48), low phenol content (6.13 and 10.91 at vegetative stage, 5.72 and 8.43 at reproductive stage) and high amount of total sugars (66.56 and 54.85 at vegetative stage, 42.63 and 39.87 at reproductive stage) respectively. xv The pest infestation was significantly and negatively correlated with trichome density and total phenol content whereas, positively correlated with total sugars. Management studies, with indigenous products and newer insecticides revealed that spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/L was significantly superior in reducing the whiteflies (55.74% during kharif and 59.87% during rabi, 2017-18) and thrips (58.49% during kharif and 62.73% during rabi, 2017-18) population followed by diafenthiuron 25 WP @ 1.25 g/ L and emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.5 g/ L with high per cent reduction in population over control, during both kharif and rabi 2017-18. Among the indigenous products tested, NSKE 5% recorded the highest per cent reduction of whitefly population (23.15% during kharif and 25.08% during rabi, 2017-18) and thrips (30.36% during kharif and 32.54% during rabi, 2017-18) population. Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.3 ml/ L (77.65% and 68.15%) and spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/ L (73.35% and 68.05%) were effective in the reduction of mean larval population of spotted pod borer during kharif and rabi, 2017-18 respectively. Among the indigenous products, NSKE 5% (51.86% during kharif and 49.72% during rabi, 2017-18) recorded highest per cent reduction in larval population. Panchagavya 3% was found least effective against whiteflies (20.87% and 22.11 % reduction), thrips (21.78% and 25.43 % reduction) and spotted pod borer (42.69% and 42.45% reduction over control) during both kharif and rabi, 2017-18 respectively. There was no significant influence of indigenous products and newer insecticides on coccinellids during both the seasons. The seed yield of blackgram was highest in the treatment spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/ L (1334.58 kg ha-1) followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.5 g/ L (1198.19 kg ha-1). Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/ L recorded the highest incremental cost benefit ratio (2.72) over the other treatments. However, all the treatments were found significantly superior over the untreated control both in terms of pests suppression and seed yield in blackgram.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON FIELD SCREENING OF SORGHUM GENOTYPES AGAINST SHOOT FLY & STEM BORER AND THEIR MANAGEMENT WITH AQUEOUS ORGANIC EXTRACTS
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2018) NEETHU NATARAJAN; SANDHYA RANI, C
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on field screening of sorghum genotypes against shoot fly and stem borer and their management with aqueous organic extracts” was carried out during kharif 2017-18 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. Thirty genotypeS including two resistant checks were screened under field conditions against shoot fly and stem borer both under unprotected and protected conditions and replicated twice in a Randomized Block Design. The evaluation of different genotypes against shoot fly based on data collected on dead hearts that Mahalakshmi and R 68 were found to be highly resistant and the genotypes ICSR 172, 4019, ICSR 96, NJ 2647, R 149, 73902-4-2-1, 73904-2-1, 81-52-4, 73902-4-1-2 and R 91019 were identified as resistant for shoot fly. The genotypes 73902-2-1, 73902-8-2-2, NJ 2446, ICSR 98, 73904-1-1, 4109, 73911-3-2-30, 81-1-1, 73902-2-7, R 75, R 29, 73902-1-2-1 were found to be moderately resistant, whereas the genotypes R 91014 and 4993 were found to be susceptible to shoot fly when compared to the resistant checks IS 18551 (C) and IS 2205 (C). Regarding the biophysical characters, the highest number of trichomes on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were recorded in highly resistant genotypes, viz. R 68, Mahalakshmi, IS 2205 and IS 18551 compared to susceptible genotypes R 91014 and 4993 with lower number of trichomes. The genotypes Mahalakshmi, 73904-2-1, 73911-3-2-30, R 68, IS 2205 and IS 18551 were found to be glossy in nature, whereas the genotypes R 75, R-91014 and 73902-2-7 found to be nonglossy in nature. Pertaining the stem borer infestation, the genotypes IS 2205, I 33, R 75, NJ 2647 and IS 18551 were found to be less susceptible and the remaining all the genotypes were categorized as highly susceptible. The genotype ICSR 98 showed multiple resistant to shoot fly and stem borer. xvii Regarding the yield attributes, among the thirty genotypes, eight genotypes were found to be sturdy, whereas the twelve genotypes were lean in nature. The genotypes ICSR 96 was found to be sturdy, while NJ 2446 and 73902-4-2-1 were found to be lean under both protected and unprotected conditions. Among the thirty genotypes, 4993, R 91014, NJ 2647 and ICSR 98 were short stature type, whereas the remaining were having medium stature. The genotypes 73903-1-2-1, 4109, 81-52-4, 73911-3-2-30, 81-1-1, R91019, R 75, ICSR 172, 4019, R 29, R-49, Mahalakshmi, R-91014, 73903-1-2-1, 739022-5, R 149 and R 68 were categorized as medium duration and 73902-8-2-2, NJ 2446, ICSR 98, 73904-1-1, 73904-2-1, IS 2205, 73902-2-7, I 33, ICSR 96, NJ 2647, 73902-42-1, IS 18551, 73902-4-1-2 and 4993 were found to be late. The genotypes 81-1-1 (3519 kg ha-1), 73902-4-1-2 (3418 kg ha-1 ) and 81-52-4 (2870 kg ha-1) gave the high grain yield, whereas R 68 (833 kg ha-1) and R 149 (833 kg ha-1) were poor yielding genotypes under both unprotected and protected conditions. Avoidable losses ranged from 4.76% (R-91019) to 63.64% (NJ 2647). The highest avoidable losses were recorded in genotypes NJ 2647 (63.64%), R- 49 (60.00%), R-91014 (58.33%), NJ 2446 (55.56%) and ICSR 98 (55.00%), whereas the lowest were recorded in genotypes R-91019 (4.76%), 73902-8-2-2 (5.26%), 81-1-1 (6.98%) and ICSR 172 (9.50%) when compared to the resistant check IS 18551(C) (10.89%). The genotypes 81-1-1, 73902-2-7, 73902-4-1-2, R 68 and 73904-2-1 recorded the highest number of spiders, whereas the lowest number of spiders recorded in genotypes ICSR 98, 4993 and 73903-1-2-1, but spider population was nil in genotypes 73903-1-2-1, Mahalakshmi, R 29, 4019, R 75, R 91019 and 4109 when compared to the resistant checks IS 18551 (C) and IS 2205 (C) under unprotected condition. The maximum number of coccinellids were recorded in the genotypes NJ 2647, 4993, 4019 and R 75, whereas the lowest number of coccinellids recorded in genotypes 73903-1-2-1, 73902-42-1, ICSR 96 and 81-52-4, but coccinellids were nil in genotype R 149 when compared to the resistant checks IS 18551 (C) and IS 2205 (C). Among the natural enemy complex, coccinellid beetles and spiders were predominant in sorghum crop ecosystem. Among coccinellids, Chilomenus sexmaculata and among spiders, Neoscona sp., Hyllus sp., Argiope sp., Olios sp., male and female of Telomonia dimidiata were recorded. Regarding the management of shoot fly and stem borer with aqueous organic extracts, chlorantraniliprole followed by NSKE @ 5% was found to be effective and significantly superior over all the treatments. Regarding the efficacy of remaining aqueous organic extracts, karanj leaf extracts @ 5% and custard apple leaf extracts @ 5% were found to be effective against shoot fly and stem borer in terms of reduction in dead hearts, larval population, leaf damage and stem tunneling. The order of efficacy of the treatments was chlorantraniliprole > NSKE @ 5% > karanj leaf extracts 5 & 10% > custard apple leaf extracts @ 5 & 10% > neem leaf extracts @ 5 & 10% > chilli pod extract @ 5 & 10% > chilli leaf extracts @ 5 & 10%. Regarding the efficacy of aqueous organic extracts against natural enemies, chilli leaf extracts @ 5% and 10%, chilli pod extract @ 10% and neem leaf extracts @ 10% were found to be safe and recorded the highest number of natural enemies viz., spiders and coccinellids. Among the aqueous organic extracts, NSKE @ 5% recorded the highest yield (1667 kg ha-1) and statistically on par with chlorantraniliprole (1861 kg ha-1) by recording 81.81 per cent increase in yield over control. The treatments custard apple leaf extracts @ 5% (1506 kg ha-1) with 64.24, karanj leaf extracts @ 5% (1500 kg ha-1) with 63.63 and custard apple leaf extracts @ 10% (1497 kg ha-1) with 63.33 per cent yield over control respectively are statistically on par with NSKE @ 5%.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AMERICAN TOMATO LEAF MINER, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) ABDUL RASHEED, V; KOTESWARA RAO, S.R.
    The present investigations on “Biology and management of South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae)” were carried out in Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Institute of Frontier Technology (IFT), Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati and Yellampalli village, Kalikiri mandal, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Roving surveys on the incidence of South American tomato leaf miner, T. absoluta in major tomato growing mandals of Chittoor district during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 revealed that the mean per cent T. absoluta infested plants, leaflets and damaged fruits of tomato ranged from 51.37 to 66.12, 24.99 to 34.25 and 25.00 to 36.12, respectively. The mean per cent T. absoluta infested plants, leaflets and fruits of tomato were maximum in Kalikiri mandal (66.12%), (34.25%) and Vayalpadu mandal (36.12%) respectively, while minimum in Kalakada (51.37% infested plants), Madanapalli (24.99% infested leaflets), (25.00% damaged fruits) mandals. Mirid bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) nymphs and adults were found predating on eggs, first and second instar larvae of T. absoluta. The mean number of N. tenuis nymphs and adults per plant during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 ranged from 1.04 to 1.45. Maximum population was recorded in Vayalpadu mandal (1.45/plant) whereas minimum in Kalikiri mandal (1.04/plant). xxi Studies on the biology of T. absoluta revealed that the duration of egg, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae was 4.14 ± 0.35, 2.08 ± 0.28, 2.75 ± 0.65, 3.56 ± 0.56 and 3.86 ± 0.64 days, respectively. The total larval period of T. absoluta ranged from 10 to 14 days with a mean of 12.25 ± 2.13 days. The pupal period lasted for 6 to 9 days with a mean of 7.81 ± 0.75 days. Adult longevity on an average was 7.45 ± 1.32 days in case of males whereas 14.75 ± 1.16 days for females. The total development period of T. absoluta ranged from 22 to 27 days with a mean of 24.19 ± 1.37 days. Studies on morphometrics of T. absoluta found that the average length and breadth of egg, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae were 0.48 ± 0.05 and 0.27 ± 0.07 mm, 1.51 ± 0.07 and 0.19 ± 0.02 mm, 2.66 ± 0.04 and 0.39 ± 0.12 mm, 4.22 ± 0.06 and 0.64 ± 0.03 mm and 7.59 ± 0.09 and 1.15 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. The length and breadth of pupa were 4.13 ± 0.24 and 1.06 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. The mean length and breadth of adults were 10.71 ± 0.29 and 1.69 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. In age specific fecundity life table study of T. absoluta the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), mean generation time (Tc), corrected generation time (T), finite rate of increase (λ) and weekly multiplication of population (7) were R0 40.18 individuals per female, 0.19 (female progeny/female/day), Tc= 30.16 days, T=28.94 days, λ= 1.20 and λ7 =35.83, respectively. Molecular characterization of T. absoluta larvae collected on tomato and brinjal from different states revealed that all populations viz., Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Himachal Pradesh were grouped under single cluster and was more closely related while the population from Tamil Nadu was somewhat distantly related with the four states T. absoluta population. The populations of T. absoluta of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka showed 100 per cent identity to the barcode sequence of T. absoluta from East Africa (KU565720) while populations of Telangana were closely related to NCBI accessions sourced from East Africa (KU565720), Oman (KT452897) and Egypt (KY129659). The populations of Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh were closely related to India (KY619687), Egypt (KY129659) and East Africa (KU565720), Oman (KT452897), Egypt (KY129659) populations, respectively. Molecular characterization of T. absoluta confirms that this pest spread rapidly and adapted to Indian climatic conditions. Screening of thirty tomato genotypes were carried out during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 to identify the source of resistance/susceptibility to T. absoluta. Among genotypes tested none was free from T. absoluta infestation. Based on total damage index, the tomato genotypes were categorized as moderately resistant (EC-620410, EC-620401, EC-620343, EC-164577, EC-538153, EC-620370, EC-631379, EC-620396, EC-631369 and xxii EC-620422), moderately susceptible (EC-165690, EC-249508, EC-567305, EC-620427, EC-620382, EC-620394 and EC-620392), susceptible (EC-620147, EC-620397, EC-620406, EC-620395, EC-164563, EC-521067-B, EC-620372, EC-620376, EC-165700, EC-538156 and EC-249514) and highly susceptible (EC-620433 and EC-160885) to T. absoluta. Among biophysical parameters, leaflet length and width found a significant positive correlation with infestation of T. absoluta on leaflets, fruits and larvae per compound leaf whereas leaflet thickness, trichome density and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) were found to have a significant negative correlation. Correlation studies of biochemical constituents with infestation of T. absoluta on leaflets, fruits and larvae per compound leaf revealed that the phenol content in the leaves was found to be negative and significant whereas proteins, reducing sugars were found to be positive and significant in tomato genotypes. The lycopene content in fruits was found to be positive and non significant association with the damage on fruits by T. absoluta in tomato genotypes. Evaluation of certain insecticides against T. absoluta on tomato leaves during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 found that the highest mean per cent reduction over untreated control was recorded in chlorantraniliprole (61.17%) treated plot followed by cyantraniliprole (58.64%) and emamectin benzoate (52.87%) while lowest was recorded in fenvalerate (28.24%) followed by lambda cyhalothrin (30.29%) and imidacloprid (33.22%) treated plots. Evaluation of certain insecticides against T. absoluta on tomato fruits during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 revealed that the lowest mean per cent infestation on fruits was recorded in chlorantraniliprole (18.51%) treated plot followed by cyantraniliprole (25.30%), flubendiamide (26.37%) and emamectin benzoate (29.53%).The highest mean per cent infestation on tomato fruits was recorded in untreated control (61.53%) followed by fenvalerate (42.80%) and lambda cyhalothrin (41.18%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PREFERENCE OF Callosobruchus maculatus Linnaeus ON VARIOUS CHICKPEA VARIETIES AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH EDIBLE OILS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) UMADEVI, G.M.; HARIPRASAD, K.V.
    The present study entitled “Studies on preference of Callosobruchus maculatus Linnaeus on various chickpea varieties and its management with edible oils” was carried out under laboratory conditions at the Department of Entomology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during the year 2017-18. The performance of 16 chickpea genotypes was assessed based on the biological parameters of the test insect and seed damage. The genotypes NBeG-49 and NBeG-47 which recorded index of susceptibility (IS) of 0.9 and 1.3 were categorized as resistant genotypes, while seven genotypes viz., Vihar, NBeG-3, NBeG-119, NBeG-511, JAKI-9218, NBeG-452 and ICCV-2 with the index of susceptibility (IS) ranging between 4.3 to 6.7 as moderately resistant to the bruchid attack and the rest of the seven genotypes viz., NBeG-458, NBeG-399, JG-11, NBeG- 471, NBeG-507, ICCV-2 and NBeG-732 with the index of susceptibility (IS) ranging between 7.6 to 8.7 as susceptible genotypes against C. maculatus. The germination percentage of infested seeds of 16 chickpea genotypes were significantly different from each other. The genotypes with less infestation recorded highest germination percentage (96.67%) over the heavily infested seeds (23.33 %) which recorded less germination percentage. Among the various physical parameters, colour, size and surface texture of the seed played a major role on the oviposition preference of the test insect. The varieties with creamy white colour and tuberculated smooth textured were preferred more for xiv oviposition than the brown colour and rough surface seed. The length of seed, width of seed and test weight of seed had influence on per cent infestation of the test genotypes. The chemical constituents such as low aminoacids, carbohydrates and proteins of the test genotypes were detrimental to the growth and development of the bruchids. The genotypes with differential reaction had affected the biology of test insect. The resistant genotypes NBeG-49 and NBeG-47 recorded lowest number of eggs, less per cent adult emergence, less mean development period and growth index over the susceptible genotypes NBeG-458, NBeG-399 and JG-11.The moderately resistant genotypes Vihar and NBeG-3 were intermediate in between resistant and susceptible genotypes. Ovipositional preference of C. maculatus on selected genotypes of chickpea under free choice condition varied significantly. The genotypes JG-11 (9.67 %), NBeG-458 (11.00 %) and NBeG-399 (12.00 %) recorded more number of eggs over NBeG-49 (3.33 %) and NBeG-47 (5.00 %). The genotypes Vihar (8.67 %) and NBeG-3 (8.00 %) were intermediate in position. The edible oils used in the study indicated that all the oils viz., groundnut, mustard, sesamum, olive, rice bran and sunflower were effective at 1ml/100g seed concentration which recorded less number of eggs, less per cent adult emergence, MDP (mean development period) and high oviposition inhibition percentage. Among them groundnut and mustard oils were effective at 0.5ml/100g seed. The oils and concentration levels had effect on seed germination. All the oils were recorded less germination percentage over control (70.00 %). There was no significant difference between the oils with respect to germination percentage of seeds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON LEAFHOPPER FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH GRAMINACEOUS CROP ECOSYSTEMS IN RAYALASEEMA REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) NAGESH, S; CHALAM, M.S.V.
    Taxonomic studies on leafhopper fauna associated with graminaceous crop ecosystems in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh were undertaken in the Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during 2017- 2018. During the study twenty five species of leafhoppers belonging to thirteen genera of the family Cicadellidae under order Hemiptera were collected, identified and described. During the present investigation, leafhoppers were collected from paddy (Oryza sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.), maize (Zea mays L.), sugarcane (Saccharam officinarum L.) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) crop ecosystems in different parts of Rayalaseema of Andhra Pradesh. In paddy crop ecosystem, fourteen leafhopper species were collected, identified and described. The leafhopper fauna collected from paddy includes, Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum), Balclutha thea (Kirschbaum), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Cofona spectra (Distant), Cofona unimaculata (Signoret), Empoascanara defecta (Ishida), Empoascanara indica (Dworakowska), Empoascanara prima (Distant), Exitianus indicus (Distant), Exitianus nanus (Distant), Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky), Maiestas pruthii (Metcalf), Nephotettix nigropictus (Stal) and Nephotettix virescens (Distant). In sorghum crop ecosystem, nine leafhopper species were collected, identified and described. The leafhopper fauna collected from sorghum includes, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum), Balclutha thea (Kirschbaum), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Doratulina speciosum (Distant), Empoascanara indica (Datta), Exitianus indicus (Distant) and Nephotettix virescens (Distant). xiii In maize crop ecosystem, thirteen leafhopper species viz., Aconurella prolixa (Lethierry), Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum), Balclutha thea (Kirschbaum), Batracomorphus angustatus (Osborn), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Doratulina vertica (Pruthi), Empoascanara defecta (Dworakowska), Empoascanara indica (Datta), Empoascanara prima (Distant), Exitianus indicus (Distant) and Hishimonus phycitis (Distant) were collected, identified and described. In sugarcane crop ecosystem, ten leafhopper species were collected identified and described. The leafhopper fauna collected from sugarcane includes, Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum), Balclutha thea (Kirschbaum), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Doratulina speciosum (Distant), Empoascanara defecta (Dworakowska), Empoascanara indica (Datta), Exitianus indicus (Distant), Maiestas breviculus (Dash and Viraktamath), Nephotettix nigropictus (Stal) and Nephotettix virescens (Distant). In finger millet crop ecosystem, thirteen leafhopper species viz., Balclutha incisa (Kirschbaum), Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum), Balclutha thea (Kirschbaum), Batracomorphus angustatus (Osborn), Chiasmus alata (Pruthi), Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar), Cofona spectra (Distant), Doratulina speciosum (Distant), Empoascanara indica (Datta), Exitianus indicus (Distant), Maiestas acuminatus (Dash and Viraktamath), Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky) and Maiestas vulgaris (Dash and Viraktamath) were collected, identified and described. All the leafhopper species were described and illustrated. A key for distinguishing all these leafhopper species with line diagrams and colour photographs is given for easy identification.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMATO PINWORM, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) WITH BIOCONTROL AGENTS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) LAKSHMI SIREESHA, E.T.; RAMESH BABU, T
    Studies on biology including morphometrics of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae), biology and its predatory potential of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera : Miridae) on T. absoluta, and evaluation of different trichogrammatids against T. absoluta were conducted at Insectary, Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh during 2017-18. The biology of T. absoluta on tomato, potato and brinjal was studied. Adult longevity in days of T. absoluta on tomato was higher (9.63), compared to potato (8.74) and brinjal (7.55). The mean egg period, duration of I, II, III and IV larval instars, pupa and total life period on tomato, potato and brinjal were 4.57, 4.91, 6.12; 2.31, 2.92, 3.02; 2.29, 2.90, 3.45; 3.28, 4.07, 4.64 and 3.26, 4.26, 5.59; 7.43, 9.53, 9.81 and 32.79, 37.35, 39.20 days, respectively. The mean fecundity of T. absoluta was 151.31, 57.26 and 34.5 eggs/female, respectively and sex ratio was 59.26 and 40.73; 55.95 and 44.04 and 62.16 and 37.83 (males and females per cent) on different host plants. Short life cycle completed with high fecundity indicated that T. absoluta prefers tomato compared to potato and brinjal. The morphometrics of the T. absoluta on tomato, potato and brinjal indicated that the mean egg length was 0.47, 0.46 and 0.42 mm with width of 0.26, 0.26 and 0.23 mm, respectively. Similarly, the mean length and width of I, II, III and IV instar larvae was 1.53, 1.34, 1.25 mm and 0.18, 0.17, 0.15 xiii mm; 2.63, 2.51, 2.37 mm and 0.38, 0.35, 0.33 mm; 4.16, 3.83, 3.52 mm and 0.65, 0.56, 0.56 mm; 7.52, 6.82, 6.41 mm and 1.11, 1.01, 0.93 mm, respectively. The mean length and width of pupa was 4.51, 4.42, 4.22 mm and 1.27, 1.23, 1.21 mm, respectively. The mean length and width of adult was 10.15, 9.93, 9.05 mm and 1.79, 1.74, 1.71 mm on tomato, potato and brinjal. The mean width of head capsule of I, II, III and IV instar larvae on tomato, potato and brinjal was 0.17, 0.14 and 0.11 mm; 0.27 0.25 and 0.22 mm; 0.41, 0.36 and 0.35 mm and 0.72, 0.65 and 0.64 mm, respectively. Biology of the predator, N. tenuis on T. absoluta revealed that egg period as 6.97 days. The number of nymphal instars was five. The duration of I, II, III, IV and V instar nymphs was 2.71, 3.09, 2.83, 3.06 and 2.76 days, respectively and total nymphal period was 14.48 days. The longevity of adult was 7.43 days. The total life period was observed 28.89 days when fed on T. absoluta. The feeding potential of N. tenuis was recorded on eggs, first, second and third instar larvae of T. absoluta . The mean predatory potential of I, II, III, IV and V instar nymphs of N. tenuis on egg, I, II and III instar larvae of T. absoluta was 1.25, 0.75, 0.25 and 0.25; 1.50, 1.25, 1.25 and 0.75; 2.50, 2.00, 1.75 and 1.00; 2.75, 1.50, 1.50 and 0.75 and 3.25, 1.25, 1.25 and 0.50, respectively. Average consumption capacity of the predatory adult on eggs, I, II and III instar larvae of tomato pinworm was 4.25, 1.00, 1.00 and 0.50, respectively. The nymphs and adult of N. tenuis preferred eggs, I, II, III larval stages of T. absoluta, with great preference to eggs. The third instar nymph of the predator showed the greatest effect on both first instar and second instar larvae of T. absoluta when compared to other nymphs and adults of N. tenuis. The fourth larval instar and pupal stage of T. absoluta was not preferred for feeding by N. tenuis. Parasitisation of T. absoluta eggs by different species of trichogrammatids was also investigated and found that T. achaeae was the most effective species in parasitising the eggs of T. absoluta. Whereas, T. japonicum showed the least preference towards the eggs of T. absoluta.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITIES AND SOWING DATES ON INCIDENCE OF INSECT PESTS OF COTTON IN SCARCE RAINFALL ZONE AND MANAGEMENT WITH NOVEL INSECTICIDES
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) LAKSHMANNA, M; SARMA, A.S.R.
    The studies on “Influence of planting densities and sowing dates on incidence of insect pests of cotton in scarce rainfall zone and management with novel insecticides” were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Nandyal, Kurnool during kharif, 2017. The incidence of insect pests of cotton were studied under different dates of sowing and different plant densities and the efficacy studies of insecticides against major sucking pests and pink bollworm were under taken. Under different sowing periods, crop sown during normal sowing (20th July) recorded more mean leafhopper population of 4.22 leafhoppers per 3 leaves as against delayed sowing (8th August) which recorded 3.87 leafhoppers per 3 leaves. Among varieties and hybrids the lowest mean leafhopper population of 4.20 leafhoppers per 3 leaves was recorded in varieties than hybrids which recorded 4.72 mean leafhoppers per 3 leaves. Under different plant densities the lowest mean leafhopper population of 2.96 leafhoppers per 3 leaves was recorded in the variety Suraj @ 60×30 cm spacing whereas in hybrids the lowest mean leafhopper population of 2.38 leafhoppers per 3 leaves was recorded RCH 2 Bt BG II @ 90×45 cm spacing. The insecticide evaluation trial revealed that monocrotophos 36% SL @ 1.6 ml L-1, flonicamid 50% WDG @ 0.3 g L-1, sulfoxaflor 75% WG @ 1.5 ml L-1 and pymetrozine 50% WG @ 0.4 g L-1 were effective in reducing the leafhopper population and also recorded higher yields whereas chlorantraniliprole18.5% EC @ 0.3 ml L-1, chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 2.5 ml L-1 and thiodicarb 75% WP @ 1.0 g L-1 were effective in reducing green boll damage and open boll damage at harvest by pink bollworm and also gave higher yields.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF CASTOR WAX BLOOM AND INSECTICIDES ON ENDOLARVAL PARASITOID Snellenius maculipennis (Szepligate) OF CASTOR SEMILOOPER Achaea janata L.
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) CHAKKANI PRIYA, K; HARI PRASAD, K.V.
    Investigations were carried out on “Effect of Castor wax bloom and insecticides on endolarval parasitoid Snellenius maculipennis (Szepligate) of castor semilooper Achaea janata L.” during 2017-18 at Insectary, Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati. Biology of S. maculipennis was studied on A. janata larvae reared on castor genotypes with different wax blooms namely DPC-9 (Green, zero bloom, susceptible), 48-1 (Red, double bloom, moderately resistant) and GCH- 4 (Red, triple bloom, resistant) at 25 ± 2°C temperature and 75 ± 5% RH. More number of cocoons (9.63) of S. maculipennis were formed on A. janata larvae reared on DPC-9 and less number of cocoons (7.75) were formed on A. janata larvae reared on 48-1 followed by GCH-4 (8.75). Duration of egg and larval stages of S. maculipennis in A. janata larvae was longest on GCH-4 (8.02 days) and shortest on 48-1 (5.09 days). Cocoon duration of S. maculipennis on A. janata larvae was longest when reared on DPC-9 (5.33 days) and shortest on GCH-4 (4.11 days). Adult longevity of S. maculipennis emerging from cocoon which were attached to the larvae of A. janata was longest on GCH-4 (6.38 days) and shortest on DPC-9 (3.64 days). Total life cycle of S. maculipennis was longest when reared on A. janata larvae fed on GCH-4 (18.50 days) and shortest on 48-1 (14.26 days). xiv Studies on oviposition preference of S. maculipennis on A. janata larvae under free choice condition shown highest parasitisation of 65% on A. janata larvae when reared on susceptible genotype DPC-9. Lowest parasitisation of 13.75% was recorded on A. janata larvae when reared on moderately resistant genotype 48-1, followed by resistant genotype GCH-4 (18.75%). Studies on per cent parasitisation of A. janata larvae by the S. maculipennis under dual choice condition given away relatively higher parasitisation of 77.14% on larvae of A. janata, reared on susceptible genotype DPC-9 and relatively lower parasitisation of 51.43% on larvae of A. janata, reared on resistant genotype GCH-4. Studies on per cent parasitisation of A. janata larvae by S. maculipennis under no choice condition made known that highest parasitisation of 96.25% on A. janata larvae, reared on susceptible genotype DPC-9. Lowest parasitisation of 77.50% was recorded on A. janata larvae, reared on moderately resistant genotype 48-1 followed by resistant genotype GCH-4 (87.50%) which were noticeably different with each other. Total free amino acids and phenols were considerably negatively correlated with per cent parasitisation (-0.702**, -0.759** respectively) and egg and larval period (-0.546**, -0.486* respectively). Proteins and carbohydrates were appreciably positively correlated with per cent parasitisation (0.938**, 0.957** respectively) and carbohydrates were notably negatively correlated with adult longevity (-0.622**). Wax content had noteworthy negative correlation with per cent parasitisation (-0.445*). Among all insecticides evaluated on cocoons of S. maculipennis, acephate was detrimental to cocoons of S. maculipennis which recorded least adult emergence of 26.67% and reduced adult longevity of 1 day. Emamectin benzoate and flubendiamide were safer to S. maculipennis which recorded highest adult emergence of 93.33% in both the chemicals and adult longevity of 3.83 and 3.67 days respectively. Highest adult emergence of 100% and longest adult longevity of 4 days was recorded in untreated check .
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    EVALUATION OF OIL BASED FORMULATIONS OF Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON AGAINST Spodoptera litura FABRICIUS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) BINDU BHARGAVI, G; MANJULA, K
    The liquid formulations of Nomuraea rileyi, an important entomopathogenic fungus were prepared by using two vegetable oils and two mineral oils viz., olive oil, rice bran oil, liquid paraffin oil, heavy grade mineral oil. N. rileyi spore mass was harvested from culture plates and mixed to autoclaved test oils in the proportions of 0.1g (0.5 x 108 spores/0.1 g) and 0.2g (0.1 x 109 spores/0.2 g) per 100ml. Triton-X 100, a wetting agent was also used in two different concentrations i.e., 0.05% and 0.1% for all four test oils. Among the 16 oil based formulations of N. rileyi, rice bran oil with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 oil formulation recorded highest conidial germination. It was ranged from 68-93 per cent up to 150 days. Liquid paraffin with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 and heavy grade mineral oil with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 oil formulations recorded 64-90 per cent and 62-89 per cent conidial germination respectively. The relatively lowest conidial germination of 35-71 per cent was observed in olive oil with 0.1g spores and 0.05 ml of triton-X 100 oil formulation. The remaining formulations recorded 35-87 per cent conidial germination. Correspondingly, rice bran oil with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 oil formulation recorded highest larval mortality of 78-91 per cent followed by liquid paraffin with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 and heavy grade mineral oil with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton- X 100 oil formulation which recorded 74-89 and 69-86 per cent respectively. The remaining formulations recorded 28-85 per cent larval mortality. Among the 16 oil based formulations of N. rileyi tested in the laboratory, based on the better performance, eight were selected for field evaluation against S. litura in Rabi groundnut. In the field also, rice bran oil with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 oil formulation recorded highest per cent larval reduction of 82 per cent at 20 days after treatment. Liquid paraffin with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 and heavy grade mineral oil with 0.2g spores and 0.1ml triton-X 100 oil formulations also stood as next best treatments. Least performance was observed by olive oil with 0.1g spores and 0.05 ml of triton-X 100 oil formulation (49 per cent larval reduction). The remaining formulations recorded 58-71 per cent larval reduction.