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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Entomology × Author: DEVAKI, K × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Bacillus thuringiensis cry GENES WITH INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST Spodoptera litura IN GROUNDNUT
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2017) DEVAKI, K; MURALI KRISHNA, T
    A total of 925 soil samples representing Chittoor, Kadapa, Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh covering different ecosystems was collected to isolate bacterial cultures. These bacterial cultures were subjected to Gram staining, endospore staining and crystal staining for identification of Bacillus thuringiensis. Out of 324 Gram positive isolates, 227 isolates were able to produce endospores and maximum number of endospore producing isolates were observed in soil samples of forest ecosystem (95.77%), compared to other soil samples collected from Nellore, Chittoor and Kadapa districts. About 203 crystal staining positive Bt strains were identified. Soil samples from cultivated fallow harboured maximum crystal positive isolates (39.82%). Study on crystal morphology revealed that spherical crystals (26.11%) were most dominant, followed by irregular (24.14%) and bipyramidal (13.30%). A combination of bipyramidal and cuboidal (6.40%), cuboidal and spherical (4.43%) and bipyramidal and spherical (1.97%) were observed in 13, 9 and 4 isolates, respectively. Most of the effective isolates were observed with bipyramidal, cuboidal crystals against S. litura. In laboratory bioassay 21 isolates (C44, C33, C59, C63, C79, C92, C97, C105, C134, C212, K18, N3, N30, N44, N48, N58, N115, F287, F468, F493 and F504) were found effective against third instar S. litura larvae with 76-100 per cent mortality. The isolate from Talakona forest area (F493) was effective with 100 per cent mortality, followed by F468 (86.67%) from Bhakarapet Ghats and F287 (76.67%) from Talakona forest area and F504 (76.67%) from S.V. Zoo park area. Twenty one effective isolates were further studied for determining lethal concentrations to arrive 50 per cent mortality (LC50) and time to kill 50 per cent xvii larval population (LT50). LC50 values were in the range of 9.59  104 to 1.88  106 and HD-1 recorded lowest LC50 value, followed by F493 (9.76  104 ) and N30 (1.90  105 ). Lowest LT50 of 61.99h was observed in treatment with HD-1 followed by F493 (78.52h). Ninety two Bt strains were characterized for the presence of various cry genes by using primers viz., cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1C, cry1Da1, cry1Ea1, cry1F, cry1Fa1, cry 1I, cry2, cry2Aa1, cry8, cry9Aa1, cry9Ca1, cry18 and cry20. Among the nine cry1 genes analyzed in the present study, cry1I was the predominant gene and present in 35 isolates (38.46%), followed by cry1Aa in 30 Bt isolates (31.87%), cry1Ac in 26 isolates (28.57%), cry1C in 18 isolates (19.78%) and cry1Fa1 in 17 isolates (18.68%), whereas, cry1Ab gene was observed in only one isolate i.e. C36. In case of cry2 genes, cry2 was observed in 14 (15.38%) isolates and cry2(a)1 was observed in 19 (20.88%) isolates. Among the two cry2 genes, cry2A(a)1 was dominant compared to cry2 in Chittoor, Nellore and forest ecosystems, whereas cry2 positive isolates were more in Kadapa district Bt samples. Among the two cry9 family genes, cry9Ca1 was dominant in 22 Bt isolates (24.18%) and 13 isolates were observed with cry9Aa1 (14.29%). In Chittoor (10 isolates), Nellore (4 isolates) and forest ecosystem (7 isolates) cry9Ca1 gene positive isolates were more compared to Kadapa district samples, where cry9Aa1 (4 isolates) samples were high compared to cry9Ca1. Eight cry genes (cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Fa1, cry1I, cry2, cry2A(a)1, cry8, cry9Ca1) were observed in F493, a isolate from Talakona forest area, which was away from human interference and observed with high organic matter. This isolate harboured cry gene belongs to cry1, cry2, cry8 and cry9 groups. Similarly, isolate C67 observed with 66.67 per cent also amplified with eight cry primers (cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1C, cry1Da1, cry1Ea1, cry1Fa1, cry2, cry2A(a)1) followed by C134 with 7 cry genes (cry1Ac, cry1C, cry1Da1, cry1Fa1, cry1I, cry2A(a)1, cry8). These types of strains might be resulted in multifunctional insecticide activity, which is useful for control of several groups of insect pests. C134 (83.33%) consisting 7 cry genes. While, C68 (50.00%), F323 (50.00) and F504 (76.67%) were observed with 6 cry genes. Some of the isolates C63 (76.67%), K18 (86.67%) and N48 (76.67%) which were effective in bioassays, did not show amplification with any one of the cry genes screened in the present study. Sequencing of 16s ribosomal RNA results of three Bt strains (F493, F504, N115) confirmed that, these three strains are B. thuringiensis strains with high insecticidal activity. Blast analysis of these strains showed 99, 97 and 96 per cent similarity with the existing Bt gene sequences available in NCBI, GenBank and these three strains were deposited in NCBI, GenBank with Accession Nos. MF487790, MF487791 and MF197874. Field evaluation of solid and liquid formulations of Bt isolates revealed that, solid formulations were comparatively more effective in some of the isolates. Larval population/ m row at 3 and 7 days after spray, foliar damage due to S. litura at 7 and 14 days after spray was low in treatments with F493, F504 which were comparable with standard check HD-1 in both solid and liquid formulations. Highest pod yield was recorded in HD-1, F493 and F504 treated plots.