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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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Subject: Entomology × Author: ANKIREDDY JAWAHAR REDDY × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON FIELD SCREENING OF OKRA VARIETIES AND MANAGEMENT OF OKRA FRUIT AND SHOOT BORER, Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2023-12-02) ANKIREDDY JAWAHAR REDDY; D.V. SAI RAM KUMAR
    Earias vittella commonly known as spotted bollworm or okra fruit and shoot borer is a major pest of the economically important crops, viz., cotton and okra. Since the introduction of Bt cotton, the insecticidal usage was drastically reduced for the management of E. vittella in cotton, at the same time there are many reports on increased infestation of E. vittella in okra crop, so this study mainly focused to find out the resistant genotypes, role of biophysical and biochemical characters of genotypes to impart the resistance against E. vittella, management of E. vittella with biopesticides under field conditions and finally genetic diversity studies among the E. vittella populations collected from different geographic locations of Andhra Pradesh, India. Observations on incidence of E. vittella were recorded at weekly interval corresponding to rabi 2020-2021, kharif and rabi 2021-2022. Twenty four okra genotypes were screened against E. vittella, the minimum shoot infestation was recorded in Abelmoschus tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (5.64%) and 1685 (6.04%) which is at par with IC-0117024 (6.72%) and IC-0112502 (6.96%). The highest infestation recorded in genotypes, A. Abhay (18.96%) which is statistically at par with IC-0601181(18.29%), IC-0039139 (18.72%) and IC-0602982 (17.55%). Similarly, xix pooled mean data on fruit infestation indicted that the per cent fruit infestation varied from 9.04 to 33.57 per cent. The minimum fruit infestation was recorded in Abelmoschus tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (9.04%) and IC-0112502 (13.80%) which is at par with 1685 (14.74%) and IC-0117024 (15.46%). The highest infestation recorded in genotypes, A. Abhay (33.57%) which is statistically at par with IC-0601181 (33.00%), IC-0039139 (32.34%), IC-0042491 (31.66%), IC-0602982 (31.46%), IC-0022283 (31.34%), IC-0117319 (29.56%), IC-0601181 (29.30%), IC-0601433 (29.16%). Categorization of okra genotypes on the basis of pooled mean shoot infestation data of three seasons i.e., rabi 2020-2021, kharif and rabi 2021-2022 indicated that none of the genotypes were neither immune nor resistant to E. vittella. But eleven genotypes viz., Abelmoschus tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (5.65%), 1685 (6.04%), IC-0117024 (6.72%), IC-0112502 (6.96%), IC-0112196 (9.20%), IC-0117331 (10.07%), IC-0117343 (11.16%), IC-0117028 (12.37%), IC-0116967 (12.61%), IC-0601433 (12.89%), IC-0112499 (13.43%), IC-0116966 (14.18%), IC-0022283 (14.75%), IC-0057733 (13.24%) and IC-0601182 (14.67%) were found to be moderately resistant. However nine genotypes viz., IC-0042491 (15.31%), IC-0039140 (16.87%), IC-0601411 (16.12%), IC-0117319 (16.78%), A. Anamika (15.68%), IC-0602982 (17.55%), IC-0601181 (18.29%), IC-0039139 (18.72%) and A. Abhay (18.96%) were found as moderately susceptible genotypes. Categorization of okra genotypes on the basis of of cumulative mean fruit infestation data of three seasons i.e., rabi 2020-2021, kharif and rabi 2021-2022 indicated none of the genotype recorded immune as well as resistant response to E. vittella, but three genotypes viz., Abelmoschus tetraphyllus var. tetraphyllus (9.04%), IC-0112502 (13.80%) and 1685 (14.74%) were found as moderately resistant against E. vittella. Eleven genotypes viz., IC-0117024, IC-0117343, IC-0117331, IC-0112196, IC-0057733, IC-0116966, IC-0116967, IC-0601182, IC-0112499, IC-0117028 and IC-0117319 recorded mean fruit infestation of 15.46, 18.40, 19.02, 20.11, 24.78, 26.34, 27.48, 29.30, 26.79, 26.36 and 29.56 per cent fruit infestation on number basis respectively, were found as moderately susceptible. While, rest of the genotypes viz., IC-0022283 (31.34%), A. Abhay (33.57%), IC-0601181 (33.00%), IC-0602982 (31.46%), IC-0039139 (32.34%), A. Anamika (31.87%), IC-0601411 (32.10%), IC-0042491 (31.66%) and IC-0039140 (30.63%) were found susceptible. Among the physico-morphic characters viz., trichome density has negative significant correlation with per cent fruit infestation (-0.717, -0.744 & -0.743) during all the seasons. However fruit angle and fruit length showed negative correlation with -0.409, -0.402, -0.474 and -0.307, -0.395, -0.341 against per cent fruit infestation) during all the seasons. While strongly negative significant correlation (-0.929, -0.953 & -0.941) was found with fruit yield per plant against per cent fruit infestation during all the three seasons. However biochemical characteristics viz., nitrogen and protein per cent of fruits have positive significant correlation with per cent fruit infestation 0.539, 0.451, 0.785 and 0.541, 0.456, 0.782 during all the three seasons. While potassium content of fruits has significant negative correlation against per cent fruit infestation by E. vittella (-0.567, -0.487 & -0.608). However total chlorophyll showed strongly significant xx positive correlation with 0.873, 0.705 and 0.790 against per cent fruit infestation by E. vittella. Positive significant correlation was found with ascorbic acid (0.437, 0.527 & 0.539), while strongly negative significant correlation was found with phenol (-0.881, -0.550 & -0.735) against per cent fruit infestation by E. vittella. Anthocyanin showed non significant negative correlation (-0.354, -0.147 & -0.254) against per cent fruit infestation by E. vittella during all the three seasons. All the native Bt isolate treatments recorded more than 50% per cent mortality in the laboratory evaluation against E. vittella by fruit dip method. The highest mortality was recorded with native Bt isolate 493 (90.00%) and the lowest mortality was recorded with isolate 49 treated larvae (60.00%). The median lethal concentration (LC50) ranged from 1.947x107 to 5.246x1010 CFU ml-1. The lowest LC50 value was recorded with HD 1 strain and the highest LC50 was recorded with isolate 49. The fastest lethal action against E. vittella larva was shown by reference strain HD1 (106.99 hpi) and the highest LT50 was recorded by isolate 52 (141.82 hpi). A field experiment was conducted with 13 treatments including seven native Bt isolate treatments viz., HD1, 49, 51, 52, 55, 16 and 493 along with commercial Bt treatment (Dipel), three Entomopathogenic fungal treatments viz., M.anisopliae, B. bassiana, M. rileyi, one chemical check viz., Chlorantraniliprole and untreated control. Cumulative efficacy of three sprays during rabi 2020-2021 indicated that Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.27 ml l-1 was found superior with lowest mean fruit infestation (7.69%) and it was on par with M. rileyi (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 (9.50%), Isolate 493 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1 (9.64%) and M. anisopliae (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 (9.76%). However Isolate 55 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1 , Isolate 51 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 49 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1 and B. bassiana (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 were least effective treatments with 12.29, 12.93, 13.29 and 12.47 per cent respectively, which were on par with each other. The cumulative efficacy of different treatments tested for the management E. vittella on okra during kharif 2021-2022 revealed that all the treatments were found effective over untreated control (20.08%). Among the treatments, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.27 ml l-1 was found superior with lowest mean fruit infestation (8.05%) and it was on par with M. rileyi (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 (9.70%), Isolate 493 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1 (9.17%), M. anisopliae (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 (9.90%) and Isolate 16 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1 (9.87%). However Isolate 52 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 49 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 55 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 51 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, and B. bassiana (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 were least effective treatments with 11.89, 12.78, 13.40, 13.53 and 13.95 per cent respectively, which were on par with each other. During rabi 2021-2022 all the treatments were found effective over untreated control (23.82%). Among the treatments, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.27 ml l-1 was found significantly superior over all the other treatments with lowest mean fruit infestation 6.73 per cent. While, Dipel ES (5x109 CFU ml-1) @ 3 ml l-1 emerged as next best treatment with 9.48 per cent which is on par with M. rileyi (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 (9.88%), Isolate 493 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1 (9.81%), M. anisopliae (1x108 CFU g- xxi 1) @ 5 g l-1 (10.17%) and Isolate 16 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1(11.03%). However Isolate 55 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 49 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 52 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, Isolate 51 (1x1010 CFU g-1) @ 3 g l-1, and B. bassiana (1x108 CFU g-1) @ 5 g l-1 were least effective treatments with 12.75, 12.95, 11.24, 12.31 and 12.07 per cent respectively, which were on par with each other. Genetic diversity among the E. vittella populations (39 locations) was studied by using RAPD primers. A total of eight RAPD primers were used to detect the polymorphism among the populations. Among the eight RAPD primers tested, OPA-09, OPA-11, OPA-12 and OPK-14 resulted in 100 per cent polymorphism with PIC value of 0.842. A dendrogram was constructed using similarity matrix, which showed four major clusters. A lone cluster contained the larval population from Yemmiganur which is considered as uni subcluster among all subclusters. The differences in the banding patterns with the RAPD primers revealed that polymorphism existed within the populations, which might be due to variations in single nucleotide resulting in variation in restriction sites. To obtain species specific primers for easy identification of E. vittella, among the RAPD primers used for genetic diversity studies, OPA-09 and OPA 10 were selected for development of SCAR markers. Using the OPA 10 primer which produced a unique DNA amplicon of 391 bp was specifically amplified in all 39 larval populations. Subsequently sequencing confirmed that actual size of these amplicons were 370 bp. Based on this sequence, several pairs of PCR primers were designed and screened. Among them the primer pair EV-OPA10F/EV-OPA10R, was shown to be able to specifically amplify a 375 bp amplicon in all the 39 larval populations. Another SCAR marker was developed using OPA 09 primer, which was EV-OPA09F/EV-OPA09R, amplified 220 bp amplicon in all the 39 larval populations. Therefore, these primer pairs were designated as the SCAR marker for easy identification of E. vittella. The specific mt COI primer was used in the current study enabled successful amplification of most collected specimens, which were sequenced bidirectional and then submitted in NCBI website for accession numbers. Generated sequences of present study showed 97 to 99 per cent similarity with data base sequences. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor joining (NJ, ML) method depicted cohesive clustering of the identified sequences of E. vittella. Tajima’s D statistic revealed the existence of low genetic polymorphism among the 35 mt COI sequences of E. vittella populations.