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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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201523
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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GROWTH AND YIELD OF CLUSTERBEAN AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SANDY LOAM SOILS OF ANDHRAPRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) PRIYANKA, KATRU; Dr. E.Narayana
    A field experiment entitled “Growth and yield of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert) as influenced by nutrient management in sandy loam soils of Andhra Pradesh” was conducted at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif 2013-14. The experiment consisted of four nitrogen levels N1-Rhizobium inoculation alone, N2-20 kg N ha-1, N3 - 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation, N4 -40 kg N ha1 and three phosphorus levels viz. P1- 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2- 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and P3- 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with factorial concept replicated thrice. The findings of the exp eriment revealed that the growth parameters such as number of branches plant-1 measured at different intervals and drymatter production at harvest were significantly influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. The interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus levels was also found to be significant. However, plant height was found non significant with both nitrogen and phosphorus levels. There was a significant improvement in all the growth parameters viz., number of branches plant-1 and drymatter production with 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB. The maximum number of clusters per plant (19.5), the highest number of pods cluster-1 (4.0), seed yield (1190 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3125 kg ha-1) were observed with 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation. Significant increase in yield attributing characters, seed and stover yields (1259 kg ha-1 and 2989 kg ha-1, respectively) and harvest index (30%) were observed with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB, which was however, comparable with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Higher nitrogen (78.0 kg ha-1), phosphorus (7.4 kg ha-1) and potassium uptake (55.3 kg ha-1) were observed with 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation. Significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake (78.7 kg ha-1, 7.4 kg ha-1, and 53.5 kg ha-1, respectively) was recorded with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB, which were however, comparable with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation recorded numerically higher protein content in grain when compared with other levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. The highest gross return, net return and return per rupee investment were registered with 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation along with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB. Among the different treatments, the highest gross returns (Rs.65671ha -1) were obtained and also the net return (Rs. 52134 ha-1) with a benefit cost ratio 4 .9. From the present investigation, it could be concluded that under sandy loam soils of Bapatla, 20 kg N ha-1 + Rhizobium inoculation along with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB performed better in giving the maximum yield as well as monetary returns than the remaining combinations of nitrogen with different phosphorus levels.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MACHINE TRANSPLANTED RICE RESPONSE TO N, P AND K APPLICATION
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) LAKSHMI BHAVANI, G; Dr. CH. PULLA RAO
    A field experiment entitled “Machine transplanted rice response to N, P and K application” was conducted at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute & Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Godavari agroclimatic zone of AP, during Kharif 2014 under canal irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatments consists of three levels of nitrogen (90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1), two levels of phosphorus (60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and two levels of potassium (60 and 90 kg K2O ha-1) with twelve treatments viz., 90:60:60 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T1), 90:90:60 kg N, P and K ha1 (T2), 90:60:90 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T3), 90:90:90 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T4), 120:60:60 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T5), 120:90:60 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T6), 120:60:90 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T7), 120:90:90 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T8), 150:60:60 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T9), 150:90:60 N, P and K ha-1 (T10), 150:60:90 kg N, P and Kha-1 (T11) and 150:90:90 kg N, P and K ha-1 (T12). These treatments were replicated thrice. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon (0.43 %) and available nitrogen (188 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (34.4 kg ha-1), high in available potassium (225.4 kg ha-1). Plant height was found to be significantly differed by nitrogen levels only, but not by the levels of phosphorus and potassium at 30, 60 and 90 DAMT. Whereas, it was found to be non-significant with any of the nutrient addition at harvest. However, interactions between the nutrients did not show any significant influence on plant height. At all the stages (30, 60, 90 DAMT and harvest) the number of tillers m-2 was found to be significantly differed with levels of nitrogen only but not with the levels of phosphorus and potassium. Highest number of tillers was recorded with 150 kg N ha-1. As it was observed in plant height, interactions between N and K was observed at 60, 90 and harvest; rest of the nutrient interactions did not exert influence on tiller production at statistically measurable magnitude. Similar observations were recorded with drymatter accumulation as in number of tillers m-2 except the interaction between N and K where it was not observed at 60 DAMT. The yield attributes of rice like productive tillers m-2 and number of filled grains panicle-1 significantly differed with increased levels of nitrogen only but not with the levels of phosphorus and potassium as observed in growth parameters. Interaction between N and K was observed on productive tiller production and number of filled grains per panicle with 150 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 which was on a par with 150 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg K2O ha-1. In case of panicle length and test weight, different levels of nutrients, interaction did not any show any significant influence. Graded levels of nitrogen had increased the grain and straw yields significantly. Higher grain yield (6687 kg ha-1) was recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 which was on a par with 150 kg N ha-1 (6413 kg ha-1). Higher straw yield (7203 kg ha-1) was recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 which was on a par with 150 kg N ha-1 (7148 kg ha-1). Significant influence of interaction between only N and K was observed but rest of the nutrient combinations was not observed on grain and straw yields. Uptake of nitrogen was significantly influenced by different nitrogen levels at all the stages (30, 60, 90 DAMT and grain & straw). Whereas, phosphorus shown at 30, grain and straw and potassium levels did not show any significant effect on uptake of nitrogen. There was a significant interaction between the nutrients (N X P, N X K and NPK) regarding the nitrogen uptake at all stages of the crop except P X K. Uptake of phosphorus was significantly influenced by all the three nutrients. Significant interactions between nutrients were recorded at different growth stages. Significant uptake of potassium was observed with increased levels of nitrogen and phosphorus at all the stages of crop growth except by potassium. Significant interactions between nutrients were recorded at different growth stages. Available nitrogen in the soil after harvest of machine transplanted rice crop was significantly increased by individual nutrient application. Interaction between N and P and N X P X K influenced the availability of N after harvest. But, interaction between P and K and N and K was not observed. Increase in availability of phosphorus was noticed with increase in levels of nitrogen and potassium only but not with the levels of phosphorus. However, interaction between the nutrients influenced the phosphorus availability in the soil after the harvest of machine transplanted rice crop. There was an increase in potassium availability with graded levels of nitrogen and phosphorus only but not with the levels of potassium. However, interaction between the nutrients did not influence the potassium availability in the soil after the harvest of machine transplanted rice crop. Higher net returns (Rs. 70,472 ha-1) and returns per rupee investment (3.8) were registered with the application of 120- 90-90 kg N- P2O5 -K2O ha-1 and it was nearly equal with the 120- 90-60 kg N- P2O5 -K2O ha-1, with Rs.70,086 ha-1 and 3.7 of net returns and returns per rupee investment respectively. From the present study, it can be concluded that, there were significant interactions between nutrients influencing on the growth, yields and nutrient uptake of machine transplanted rice crop. Among the nutrient combinations tested, application of 120- 90-90 kg N-P2O5 -K2O ha-1 followed by 120- 90-60 kg N-P2O5 -K2O ha-1 for machine transplanted rice will be more beneficial in registering higher grain yield and profitability.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRODUCTIVITY OF RABI MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITIES AND NITROGEN LEVELS
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) REVATHI, K; Dr. M. SREE REKHA
    A field experiment was carried out to study the “Productivity of rabi maize as influenced by different planting densities and nitrogen levels” during rabi 2014-2015 on sandy loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three planting densities viz., M1: 50 cm x 20 cm (1,00,000 plants ha1), M2: 60 cm x 20 cm (83,333 plants ha-1) and M3:75 cm x 20 cm (66,666 plants ha-1) allotted to main plots and eight nitrogen levels viz., S1 (120 kg N ha-1 ), S2 (180 kg N ha-1 ), S3 (240 kg N ha-1 ), S4 (300 kg N ha-1 ), S5 (120 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling), S6 (180 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling), S7 (240 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) and S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) assigned to subplots. The results of the trial indicated that, plant height was not significantly affected by planting densities at all stages of crop growth. Maximum drymatter accumulation was recorded with closer spacing of 1,00,000 plants ha-1 which was significantly superior to 83,333 plants ha-1 and 66,666 plants ha-1. Days to 50% tasseling and silking was not affected by planting densities. Per cent barrenness was less with 66,666 plants ha-1 than 83,333 plants ha-1 and 1,00,000 plants ha-1. Lower plant density of 66,666 plants ha-1 recorded maximum number of cobs plant-1, cob length (cm), number of kernels cob-1 and shelling percentage (%) than 83,333 plants ha-1 and 1,00,000 plants ha-1. Maximum kernel yield of 4767 kg ha-1 and stover yield of 6120 kg ha-1 was recorded with M2 (83,333 plants ha-1) and M1 (1,00,000 plants ha-1), respectively. At tasseling and harvest significantly highest N, P, K and Zn uptake was recorded with 1,00,000 plants ha-1 compared to 83,333 plants ha-1 and 66,666 plants ha-1. In contrast, significantly highest potassium uptake by kernel was obtained with 83,333 plants ha-1 which was significantly superior to 1,00,000 plants ha-1 and 66,666 plants ha1. Zinc uptake by kernel was not influenced by planting densities. Irrespective of planting densities, nitrogen levels had effect on growth and yield of maize. At 30 DAS, since zinc was not applied only the effect of nitrogen was observed for plant height and drymatter accumulation. Higher plant height was recorded with S8 (300 kg ha-1+ 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) at 60 and 90 DAS. However, at harvest plant height was not influenced by nitrogen levels. Drymatter recorded was highest with S8 (300 kg ha-1+ 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest. Days to 50% tasseling and silking was not influenced by nitrogen levels. However, per cent barrenness was less with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on a par with S4 (300 kg N ha-1). The yield parameters viz., number of cobs plant-1, kernels rows cob-1 and kernels cob-1 were significantly highest with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on par with S4 (240 kg N ha-1) but proved significantly superior to other levels of nitrogen with or without zinc. Similarly, significantly highest cob length (cm), kernel weight cob-1 (g) and 100- grain weight (g) was recorded with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on a par with S4 (300 kg N ha-1) and S7 (240 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling). However, higher shelling percentage was recorded with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on a par with S3 (240 kg N ha-1), S4 (300 kg N ha-1) and S7 (240 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) and proved significantly superior to other treatments. Significantly highest kernel and stover yields of maize were recorded with S8 (300 kg N ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on par with only nitrogen S4 (300 kg N ha-1) and significantly superior to other levels. At tasseling N uptake was highest with S4 (300 kg N ha-1) which was on par with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) and superior to other doses. At harvest, highest N uptake was obtained with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on par with S4 (300 kg N ha-1) significantly superior to the rest of the levels. At tasseling, significantly higher phosphorus uptake was recorded with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on par with S4 (300 kg N ha-1) and S7 (240 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) and significantly superior to other lower doses. Similar trend was observed for phosphorus uptake by grain and stover at harvest. Potassium uptake at tasseling and at harvest was significantly highest with S8 (300 kg N ha-1+0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) compared to other levels tested. At tasseling, Zn uptake by stover was significantly highest with S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on par with S7 (240 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) and significantly superior to other levels. At harvest, maximum Zn uptake was obtained with application of nitrogen at highest dose along with Zn (S8) and significantly superior to other levels tested. Interaction between densities and nitrogen levels were observed for drymatter accumulation at 60 DAS with M1 (1,00,000 plants ha-1) and S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling) which was on par with M1S6 and M1S7. Interaction for N uptake was recorded highest with M1(1,00,000 plants ha-1) and S4 (300 kg N ha-1) which was on par with M1 (1,00,000 plants ha-1) and S8 (300 kg N ha-1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling). From the study, it can be concluded that rabi maize sowing with higher plant density of 1,00,000 plants ha-1 with the application of 300 kg N ha-1+ 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at tasseling recorded the highest gross returns (Rs. 98,775 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 72,619 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.78). The study needs to be conducted for few more years to draw valid conclusions and to go as recommendation to the farmers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRODUCTIVITY OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANICS AND ZINC APPLICATION
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) JAYASANKAR, M; Dr. N. VENKATA LAKSHMI
    A field experiment entitled “Productivity of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by organics and zinc application” was conducted to study the effect of organics and zinc application on growth, productivity and quality of direct seeded rice on sandy clay loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2014. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and consisting of nine treatments viz., RDF (T1), RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T2), RDF + Urban compost @ 10 t ha-1 (T3), RDF + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T4), RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T5), RDF + Urban compost @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T6), RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 20 and 40 DAS (T7), RDF + Urban compost @ 10 t ha-1 + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 20 and 40 DAS (T8) and RDF + Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 20 and 40 DAS (T9). Recommended dose of fertilizer (120: 60: 40 kg NPK ha-1) was commonly applied to all the treatments. The test variety used was BPT – 5204 (Samba Mahsuri). Data collected on growth parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers m-2, drymatter accumulation of direct seeded rice revealed that all the growth parameters were significantly higher with RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T5) which was, however, comparable with T7, T6 and T8 treatments, but proved to be superior to rest of the treatments. RDF applied without organics and Zn, recorded the lowest growth parameters. There was a significant improvement in all the yield attributes (productive tillers m-2, total and filled grains panicle-1 and test weight), grain and straw yields of direct seeded rice with application of RDF along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T5), however, it was on a par with the treatments T7, T6 and T8. Significant increase in nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Zn) by rice crop at PI stage and at harvest was observed with RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T5) and proved significantly superior to T4, T9, T2, T3 and T1 but found to be on a par with T7, T6 and T8 treatments. Application of RDF along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 in conjunction with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 as basal soil application (T5) significantly enhanced quality parameters like amylose content (%), protein content (%) and volume expansion ratio of grain from direct seeded rice. Low per cent of amylose and protein contents was registered with the application of RDF without organics and zinc. Overall, the study indicated that combined application of organics and zinc along with recommended dose of fertilizer proved beneficial for realizing higher growth characters, yield attributes, yield and quality parameters in direct seeded rice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GROWTH AND YIELD OF RICE-FALLOW SORGHUM AS INFLUENCED BY PLANTING DENSITY AND NITROGEN
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) ARUNA KUMARI, H; Dr. P. V. N. PRASAD
    A field experiment entitled “Growth and yield of rice-fallow sorghum as influenced by planting density and nitrogen” was carried out on clay loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments comprised of three planting densities (S1 : 3.33 lakh plants ha-1, S2 : 2.22 lakh plants ha-1, S3 : 1.66 lakh plants ha-1) allotted to factor-A and four nitrogen levels (N0 : 0 kg ha-1, N1 : 50 kg ha-1, N2 : 100 kg ha-1, N3 : 150 kg ha-1) allotted to factor-B. Plant height was significantly affected by plant densities, however; numerically taller plants were produced at a planting density of 1.66 lakh plants ha-1 than that of 2.22 and 3.33 lakh plants ha-1 at all stages of crop growth (30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest). At 30 DAS, taller plants (30.6 cm) were produced by the application of 150 kg N ha-1 and it was on a par with the 100 kg N ha-1 and it was significantly superior to other nitrogen levels, whereas, at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, the highest plant height recorded with the application of 150 kg N ha-1 and it was significantly superior to other N levels (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1). The interaction was significant a 60 DAS, where S3N3 treatment combination exhibited superior results. Drymatter accumulation ha-1 was significantly superior at a planting density of 2.22 lakh plants ha-1 compared to that of lower and higher planting densities at 60, 90 DAS and at harvesting. At 30 DAS greater drymatter production was obtained at higher planting density of 3.33 lakh plants ha-1 compared to that of other planting densities. The maximum drymatter was recorded with the application of 150 kg N ha-1 compared to the rest of the nitrogen levels tested at 30, 60, and 90 DAS. At harvest maximum drymatter production was attained at 150 kg N ha-1 but it was on a par with 100 kg N ha-1, which was significantly superior to other N levels. The interaction was significant at 60 DAS, where S2N2 treatment combination displayed better results and it was on a par with the S1N3 and S2N3 and it was significantly superior to other treatment combinations. Sorghum sown at a planting density of 1.66 lakh plants ha-1 took greater number of days to attain 50% earhead emergence and days to maturity over other plant densities. Rice fallow sorghum grown without nitrogen took maximum number of days to reach 50% earhead emergence and took minimum number of days to reach maturity. Significantly higher number of earheads m-2 was noticed at a planting density of 3.33 lakh plants ha-1, which was however, superior to the 2.22 lakh plants ha-1 and 1.66 lakh plants ha-1, respectively. Sowing of sorghum at 1.66 lakh plants ha-1 was found to produce maximum earhead length and number of grains earhead-1, which was significantly higher over rest of the plant densities. The maximum number of earheads m-2, increased earhead length, higher number of grains earhead-1 and greater test weight in sorghum was observed with the application of 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Number of earheads m-2, did not significantly responded to application of nitrogen. Maximum grain yield of sorghum was obtained when the crop was sown at a plant density of 2.22 lakh plants ha-1, which was significantly superior to other plant densities of 3.33 lakh plants ha-1 and 1.66 lakh plants ha-1. Significantly higher stover yield of sorghum was registered at a planting density of 3.33 lakh plants ha-1, which was superior to rest of the plant densities. Harvest index significantly influenced by planting densities, was the highest at 2.22 lakh plants ha-1, which was superior to other densities. When yield is the product of vegetative crop growth, the density-yield relationship is asymptotic. The parabolic response curve is typically a flat topped one with decrease in grain yield on both sides of an optimum. Sorghum sown at a nitrogen level of 150 kg ha1 produced the maximum grain yield which was significantly superior to other N levels. Sorghum crop sown at a nitrogen level of 150 kg ha-1 recorded higher stover yield and it was at par with 100 kg N ha-1 but was superior to other nitrogen levels. Harvest index was the maximum at 150 kg N ha-1 and it was on a par with 50 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1, which was however significantly superior to 0 kg N ha-1. Maximum N uptake by rice fallow sorghum crop at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest was noticed with the planting density of 2.22 lakh plants ha-1 but at 30 DAS maximum N uptake was obtained from a planting density of 3.33 lakh plants ha-1. The uptake of N by stover was higher with a planting density of 3.33 lakh plants ha-1 than that of other two planting densities. But, the uptake of N by grain was greater with a planting density of 2.22 lakh plants ha-1 than that of other two planting densities. Significantly, greater nutrient uptake was noticed in the treatment that received 150 kg N ha-1 at all stages of crop growth. The highest net returns and B : C ratio was recorded with the application of 150 kg N ha-1 at a planting density of 2.22 lakh plants ha-1 over all other treatment combinations. The highest agronomic efficiency was obtained from S2N1 treatment combination over other treatments. The interactions of plant height and drymatter accumulation and nitrogen uptake by plant at 60 DAS, N uptake by grain at 90 DAS and at harvest, earhead length, number of grains earhead-1, grain yield and harvest index were significantly influenced by planting density and nitrogen levels. Overall, the results manifested that sowing of rice fallow sorghum at a planting density of 2.22 lakh plants ha-1 was found optimum with a linear response up to 150 kg N ha-1 during rabi under zero - till conditions resulted in higher gross returns, net returns and returns rupee-1 of investment.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    YIELD AND QUALITY OF GUM GUAR [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING DATES IN COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SUNIL KUMAR; Dr. M. MARTIN LUTHER
    A field experiment entitled “Yield and quality of gum guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] as influenced by sowing dates in Coastal Andhra Pradesh”was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla on sandy clayloam soil during rabi 2014-15. The treatments consisted of six dates of sowing from 15th September to 1st December at fifteen days interval and two guar varieties viz. RGC-936 and RGC-1003. The design adopted was Randomised Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. The findings of the experiment revealed that the growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches, drymatter production, days to 50% flowering and maturity were significantly influenced by dates of sowing and varieties, except plant height 30, 60 DAS and number of branches plant-1 at harvest for varieties. However, interaction between dates of sowing and varieties was nonsignificant for growth parameters at all stages of crop growth, except days to 50% flowering. Among different dates of sowing, late sowing (15th November and 1st December) resulted in the maximum plant height at all growth stages. Number of branches per plant and drymatter accumulation were also recorded similar to that of plant height with delay sowing at all the growth stages. In case of days to 50% flowering and maturity, there was delay with late sowing. Between the varieties, significantly higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches, drymatter accumulation, days to 50% flowering and maturity was recorded with cultivar RGC-1003. ABSTRACT Name of the author : SUNIL KUMAR Title of the thesis : Yield and quality of gum guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert] as influenced by sowing dates in Coastal Andhra Pradesh Major advisor : Dr. M. MARTIN LUTHER Degree to which it is submitted : M.Sc. (Ag.) Faculty : Agriculture Discipline : AGRONOMY College : Agricultural College, Bapatla University : ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2015 Yield attributes were significantly influenced by the dates of sowing, varieties and their interaction. Number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and test weight was higher with late sowing. Grain yield (1792 kg ha-1 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3929 kg ha-1) and harvest index (28.4%) was higher with 15th November followed by 1st December sowing. Incase of varieties, highest yield attributes, grain yield and haulm were recorded with variety RGC-1003, which was significantly superior to RGC-936. The highest yield attributes and yield was recorded with the variety RGC1003 sown on 15th November which was on a par with 1st December sowing with same variety. The highest gum content, protein and viscosity were recorded with 15th November sown RGC-1003 which was significantly superior to all other combinations but protein content was on a par with RGC-1003 with 1st November and 1st December sowing. The maximum gum content, protein and viscosity was observed with 15th November sowing followed by 1st December. Between the varieties, the variety RGC-1003 recorded significantly superior to RGC-936 in respect of the quality characters studied. The agro-climatic indices, growing degree days and heat use efficiency requirement of variety RGC-1003 was the highest as compared to RGC-936. Significant linear relationships were observed for dry matter and grain yield of two varieties with agro-climatic indices viz., growing degree days and heat use efficiency. Overall, the study indicated that the sowing of gum guar cultivar RGC1003 during second fortnight of November had realized higher yield, quality and high returns per rupee invested under Bapatla conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST EMERGENCE HERBICIDES IN KHARIF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) RAMA RAO, CHEEPURU; Dr. P.V.N. PRASAD
    A field experiment entitled “Evaluation of pre and post emergence herbicides in kharif maize” was conducted on sandy clay loam soil at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif 2014 by adopting Randomized Block Design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1-Weedy check; T2-Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS; T3-Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 (PE); T4-Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 (PE); T5-Topramezone @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (POE); T6-Topramezone @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 40 DAS (POE); T7-Topramezone @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 and 40 DAS (POE); T8-Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 (PE) fb topramezone @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (POE); T9-Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb (PE) topramezone @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (POE). The predominant weed species observed in the experimental field were Cyperus rotundus among sedges, Trianthema portulacastrum, Cleome viscosa, Euphorbia hirta and Phyllanthus niruri among broad leaved weeds and Cynodon dactylon, Panicum repens and Dactyloctenium aegyptium among grasses. The lowest density and dry weight of weeds and the highest weed control efficiency were recorded with hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2). Among herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T9) and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T8) recorded lower values for weed density, drymatter and higher weed control efficiency and were on a par with hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2). The highest density and drymatter of weeds was recorded in weedy check (T1). Though, plant height and drymatter accumulation in maize at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at maturity were highest in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2), pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T9) and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T8) were on a par with T2 treatment. Uptake of nutrients by maize was the highest in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2). Pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T9) and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T8) recorded comparable nutrient uptake by maize with hand weeding treatment (T2). Significant increase in N, P and K uptake by weeds was associated in weedy check (T1) over all the remaining weed control treatments. Among various treatments tested, sequential application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 (PE) fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T9) and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T8) recorded a kernel yield of 5627 kg ha-1 and 5282 kg ha-1, respectively and these treatments were statistically on a par with hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, which recorded the highest kernel yield (5974 kg ha-1). Similar trend was observed in stover yield as well under different weed control treatments. Even though hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS recorded the highest gross returns (Rs. 81581 ha-1), sequential application of atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 (PE) fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T9) and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb topramezone spray @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS (T8) recorded a net profit of Rs. 51340 ha-1 and Rs. 45790 ha-1 with a returns per rupee investment of 2.00 and 1.73, respectively and were found to be superior to even hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS which recorded a net return of Rs. 47744 ha-1 with a returns per rupee investment of 1.41, due to lower cost of herbicides that reduced the cost of cultivation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF BABY CORN AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT DENSITIES AND LEVELS OF NITROGEN
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) VENKATA LAKSHMI, M; Dr. B. VENKATESWARLU
    A field experiment entitled “Performance of baby corn as influenced by plant densities and levels of nitrogen” was conducted on a sandy loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, during kharif, 2014-15 under irrigated condition. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen (N1= 60, N2 = 120, N3=180, and N4= 240 kg N ha-1 in Factor – A and four plant densities (S1: 2,22,222 plants ha-1, S2:1,48,148 plants ha-1, S3: 1,11,111 plants ha-1 and S4: 1,66,666 plants ha-1) in Factor – B. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Application of 240 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly more plant height, drymatter accumulation and per day productivity compared to 60, 120 kg N ha-1 throughout the growth period and on a par with 180 kg N ha-1. Plant height, drymatter accumulation and per day productivity was maximum with a plant density of 2,22,222 plants ha-1 which was significantly superior to 1,66,666, 1,48,148 and 1,11,111 plants ha-1. While, the planting density with 1,11,111 plants ha-1 registered significantly the lowest plant height, drymatter accumulation and per day productivity. The number of days taken to 50 percent tasseling, silking were significantly lowered when the crop was fertilized with 240 kg N ha-1. Significantly higher number of (52.4) days was recorded in 2,22,222 plants ha-1 and the lowest number of days 48.7 was observed in 1,11,111 population. Yield attributing character like no. of cob plant-1, ear length, cob weight with husk (g) and without husk were significantly superior with the application of 240 kg N ha-1 however it was on a par with 180 kg N ha-1. Among the plant densities 1,11,111 plants ha-1 recorded more yield attributing character like no. of cob plant-1, ear length, cob weight with husk (g) and without husk over the other treatments. Significant increase in baby corn yield and green fodder yield was noticed with increasing levels of nitrogen. Higher cob and ear yields were obtained with the application of 240 kg N ha-1 but it was on a par with 180 kg N ha-1. Among the plant densities 1,66,666 plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher cob and ear yield and it was on a par with 1,48,148 plants ha-1 . The maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and uptake in fodder and ear was recorded with the application of 240 kg N ha-1 at harvest. Among the plant densities 1,11,111 plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in fodder and 2,22,222 plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher nitrogen uptake in fodder and 1,66,666 plants ha-1 recorded higher ear uptake over other treatments. Application 240 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher crude protein, fibre and ash content over 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 however it was on a par with 180 kg N ha-1. Among the plant densities 1,11,111 plants ha-1 recorded higher crude protein, fibre and ash content over the other treatments. The highest gross returns, net returns and cost benefit ratio were higher at a plant density of 1,66,666 plants ha-1 at 240 kg N ha-1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    WEED MANAGEMENT IN ZERO-TILL SOWN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2015) SATYA SREERAM, GOLI; Dr. A. SUBRAHMANYESWARA RAO
    A field experiment was conducted on sandy clay loam soil of the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla to study the effect of “weed management in zero-till sown sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]” during rabi 2011-12 under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with ten treatments T1-hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS; T2-atrazine @ 1.0 kg ha-1as pre-emergence; T3-pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence; T4-atrazine @ 1.0 kg ha-1 + paraquat @ 0.5 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence; T5-pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + paraquat @ 0.5 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence; T6- T2 fb 2,4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post-emergence; T7- T3 fb 2,4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post-emergence; T8- T4 fb 2,4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post-emergence; T9- T5 fb 2,4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post-emergence; T10-weedy check. The treatments were replicated thrice. The predominant weed species which infested the experimental plot were dominated by Cynodon dactylon and Digitaria marginata among grasses; Cyperus rotundus among sedges and Cleome viscosa, Physalis minima, Convolvulus arvensis etc., among broad leaved weeds. Results of the investigation revealed that all the weed management treatments were found significantly superior to weedy check in reducing the weed growth nutrient depletion by weeds and increasing the crop growth, nutrient uptake yield attributes and grain yield of sorghum. 2,4-D amine salt as POST at 30 DAS was found to be selective to sorghum without any crop injury. Growth parameters such as plant height and drymatter accumulation by crop measured at different growth stages were significantly affected by the weed management treatments. The maximum number of grains per panicle were observed with pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1+ paraquat @ 0.5 kg ha-1 fb 2, 4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 (T9) and was significantly superior to weedy check and was on par with all the herbicidal treatments and also with hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T1). The grain and straw yields were markedly varied with the weed management practices. The highest grain yield and straw yields were registered with pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1+ paraquat @ 0.5 kg ha-1 fb 2, 4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 (T9) and it was at par with T6, T7 and T8. All the herbicide treatments registered significantly higher grain and straw yields compared to weedy check (T10). Among the weed management treatments, the highest returns per rupee of investment (5.87) was recorded with T6 - atrazine @ 1.0 kg ha-1as pre emergence followed by 2, 4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post emergence and this was followed by T7 - pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 as pre emergence followed by 2, 4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post emergence with 5.74. The present investigation clearly indicated that all the sequential treatments (T6 to T9) were found to be effective and at par with each other in recording higher grain yield. However, considering economics, atrazine @ 1.0 kg ha-1 as pre emergence followed by 2, 4-D amine salt @ 0.58 kg ha-1 as post emergence (T6) was found to be effective and economical for managing weeds in rice fallow sorghum as an alternative to manual weeding.