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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2015 - 20182
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Subject: Agricultural Extension × Author: SIDDESWARI, G.K. × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) SIDDESWARI, G.K.; SATHYA GOPAL, P.V.
    ‘Woman’ is the key for success of any human being because of their excellent qualities such as hard-working nature, patience, cordial affiliation, convincing capacity, communication etc., in handling multifaceted activities. On the other hand women in rural areas are comparatively less educated, economically poor, confined to limited geographical boundaries and live under rigid structural constraints. Entrepreneurship is one of the prospective options to uplift rural women by generating self employment opportunities. The concept of Self Help Group (SHG) acts as a driving force for the rural women with the ultimate objective of converting household women as enterprising women and encouraging them to enter into entrepreneurial activities. But the rate of success is an issue to be thoroughly analysed to assess the performance and to identify the scope for strengthening the role of SHGs towards upliftment of rural women. So, it is necessary to study the status of women entrepreneurship achieved through SHGs followed by the entrepreneurial behaviour and profile characteristics of women entrepreneurs. Further, it is also mandatory to have an inventory of various types and scales of enterprises being run by the women entrepreneurs, their constraints in operating the enterprises so as to develop a strategy to improve the entrepreneurial culture among the rural women of SHGs. Ex post facto research design was followed in the present investigation. The investigation was carried out in three districts selected each from three regions viz., Chittoor (from Rayalaseema region), East Godavari (from Coastal region) and Srikakulam (from North Coastal region) were purposively selected based on the highest number of SHGs. Four mandals from each district, two villages from each mandal and one hamlet from each village were purposively selected based on the highest number of SHGs thus making a total of 12 xix mandals, 24 villages and 24 hamlets respectively. From each hamlet ten women entrepreneurs were selected from all the existing SHGs in that hamlet, by using simple random sampling procedure thus making a total of 240 women entrepreneurs as the sample of the study. The data were collected by personal interview method through a structured interview schedule and analyzed by employing suitable statistical methods. Seventeen independent variables and entrepreneurial behaviour as the dependent variable were identified for the study. The status of SHGs in terms of women entrepreneurship was assessed, out of 1,103 SHGs nearly two-fifth (38.53%) of the SHGs were having 11 to 15 years of existence and only 2.63 per cent of SHGs had more than 20 years of existence. More than two-fifth (43.79%) of the SHGs had savings of ` 50,001 – ` 1,00,000 and only 3.9 per cent with more than ` 2,00,000 savings. More than one-fourth (27.83%) of the SHGs have taken a loan amount of ` 10,00,001 – ` 15,00,000 and only 4.08 per cent with more than ` 25,00,000. Nearly two-third (60.60%) of the SHG members converted as women entrepreneurs and the remaining 39.4 per cent of the members have used SHG amount for other purposes. The ‘savings’ of the SHGs and ‘loan amount received’ by the SHGs have positively significant association with the ‘number of years of existence’ of SHGs. The results of the study shown that majority of the women entrepreneurs were in middle age, illiterates and completed high school education, medium level of experience in SHG, annual income, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, not received the training, medium level of innovativeness, decision making ability, achievement motivation, value orientation, management orientation, economic orientation, scientific orientation, risk orientation and credit orientation. A scale was constructed to measure the entrepreneurial behaviour of women entrepreneurs. Two-third (65.83%) of the women entrepreneurs were with neutral to highly unfavourable entrepreneurial behaviour. Only one-third (34.17%) of the women entrepreneurs had moderate to high entrepreneurial behaviour. About 63 types of enterprises being run by 240 entrepreneurs depending upon availability of natural resources and demand in the local area coming to a total of 286 enterprises. Provision shop (16.08%) was the main choice of the respondents, followed by Tailoring (13.29%), Dairy (6.99%), equal (4.55%) percentage with Small hotel/Tiffin centre and Sarees and dress materials/ Cloth business and Fancy shop (4.20%). One-third (33.22%) of the SHG members running the enterprise with an income range of ` 50,001-1,00,000. Only 0.70 per cent of the SHG members running the enterprise with an income range of ` 5,00,001 and above. More than half (56.99%) of the enterprises being run by the SHG women entrepreneurs were the primary sources of income for their family. There was a significant association between the types of enterprises and scale of enterprise. xx Correlation analysis revealed that education, annual income, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, training received, innovativeness, decision making ability, achievement motivation, value orientation, management orientation, economic orientation, scientific orientation, risk orientation and credit orientation had a positively significant relationship with the entrepreneurial behaviour of women entrepreneurs at 0.01 level of significance. The variable ‘experience in SHG’ was non significantly related with the entrepreneurial behaviour of women entrepreneurs, whereas age was negatively non significant with the entrepreneurial behaviour of women entrepreneurs. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis revealed that out of the 17 selected independent variables, mass media exposure, training received, decision making ability, management orientation and credit orientation had positively and significantly contributed to the most of the variation in entrepreneurial behaviour of SHG women entrepreneurs. Manifest changes through SHGs among women entrepreneurs will indicates the significant changes occurred among women entrepreneurs in the selected components viz., annual income, productive working days, monthly saving, monthly expenditure, debit status, employment generation, prevalence of bonded labour, dependency on local informal money lenders, social status, type of house, domestic assets, mode of transport, skills in paraprofessional work, awareness about institutional financial transactions, composition of diet, priority for children education, social recognition, communication network, access to credit and livestock assets after joining in SHG. The current entrepreneurial status viz., net income from the enterprise, employment generation, monthly saving, monthly expenditure, social recognition and skill in paraprofessional work were significantly associated with the entrepreneurial behaviour of women entrepreneurs. Whereas, debit status was non significantly associated with the entrepreneurial behaviour of women entrepreneurs. Three case studies of successful SHG women entrepreneurs were documented. The study highlights that, the prominent constraints expressed by women entrepreneurs, regarding personal and socio-psychological constraints, ‘Male dominance’; In case of financial constraints, ‘Inadequacy SHG loan amounts’; In case of technological constraints, ‘Lack of entrepreneurial training opportunities’; Regarding marketing constraints, ‘Stiff competition’, In case of infrastructure constraints, ‘Inadequate space & building’ were perceived as the major constraints by the majority of the women entrepreneurs. A suitable strategy was designed with seven steps, starting from ‘identification of potential women entrepreneurs from SHGs’ to ‘converting them as brand ambassadors for women entrepreneurship’. All the seven steps were integrated in such a way that each step will have a synergistic effect over the further steps. Critical events to be taken up in each step were clearly depicted starting from A to Z in such a way that the strategy would be more comprehensive covering all the dimensions of women entrepreneurship through SHGs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS (FFSs) ON THE RICE FARMERS IN NELLORE DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2015) SIDDESWARI, G.K.; SAILAJA, V
    The Farmer Field School (FFS) approach is a participatory methodology of technology development and dissemination, which gives the farmer an opportunity to learn through practical field activities (Pontius et al. 2000). The special feature of FFS is field based learning and acts as a primary venue of learning for farmers. The FFS programme also empowers the farmers to take economically viable decisions by adopting the practices of Integrated Crop Management (ICM). For the success of any programme, there should be a periodical appraisal and evaluation of what is being done, so that suitable changes can be made for effective functioning. Since Department of Agriculture organized many number of farmer field schools on rice in Nellore district, an attempt was made to study the impact of the FFS programme in terms of knowledge gained, extent of adoption, productivity and profitability levels of ICM practices by the participant and non participant farmers of rice FFS. Ex-post-facto research design was used in the present investigation. Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected as rice was being extensively cultivated in the district and also more number of Farmer Field Schools (FFSs) on rice were bring successfully organized in the district. Out of 46 mandals of Nellore district, 3 mandals were purposively selected based on the highest number of FFS conducted on rice. Two categories of villages i.e. one FFS village and another non FFS village from each selected mandal was selected randomly thus making a total of six villages for the study. From each selected FFS village, 25 farmers were selected randomly from the list of the participant farmers of rice FFS obtained from the officials of the state department of agriculture making a total of 75 respondents under the participant category. Further, from each non FFS selected village, 25 respondents were selected by using simple random sampling procedure, making a total of 75 respondents under nonparticipant category. Both the respondents put xvii together constitute a total sample of 150 respondents for the study. The data were collected by personal interview method through structured interview schedule and analyzed by employing suitable statistical tools. Majority of the participant farmers were middle aged with primary to intermediate level education, big to small land holding, medium to low farming experience, medium to low social participation, medium to high mass media exposure, medium extension contact, medium to high innovativeness, medium scientific orientation, medium achievement motivation, high to medium management orientation and medium economic orientation. Whereas in case of non participant farmers majority were middle aged with primary to intermediate level education, small to marginal land holding, medium to low farming experience, medium to low social participation, medium to low mass media exposure, medium to low extension contact, medium to low innovativeness, medium scientific orientation, medium to low achievement motivation, medium to low management orientation and medium economic orientation. Majority of the participant farmers had medium to high level of knowledge, medium to high level of adoption, medium to high level of productivity and medium to high level of profitability. Whereas in case of non participants, medium level of knowledge, medium level of adoption, medium to low level of productivity and medium to low level of profitability was observed. The independent variables viz., education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, management orientation and economic orientation were found to be positively significant with the knowledge level of participant farmers. Whereas in case of non participant farmers education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation and management orientation were found to be positively significant with the knowledge level. All the selected 12 independent variables put together explained about 86.10 per cent variation in the knowledge level of participant farmers and 59.30 per cent variation in the knowledge of non participant farmers of rice FFSs. The independent variables viz., education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, management orientation, and economic orientation were positively significant with the extent of adoption of participant farmers. Whereas in case of non participant farmers education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation and management orientation were found to be positively significant whereas age, farming experience were found negatively significant with the extent of adoption. All the selected 12 independent variables put together explained about 79.90 per cent variation in the extent of adoption of participant farmers and 58.70 per cent variation in the extent of adoption of non participant farmers of rice FFSs. xviii The independent variables viz., education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, management orientation, and economic orientation were found to be positively significant with the productivity level of participant farmers. Whereas in case of non participant farmers education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation and management orientation were found to be positively significant whereas age, farming experience were found negatively significant with the productivity level. All the selected 12 independent variables put together explained about 77.60 per cent variation in the productivity level of participant farmers and 60.90 per cent variation in the productivity level of non participant farmers of rice FFSs. The independent variables viz., education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation, management orientation, and economic orientation were found to be positively significant with the profitability level of participant farmers. Whereas in case of non participant farmers education, social participation, mass media exposure, extension contact, innovativeness, scientific orientation, achievement motivation and management orientation were found to be positively significant whereas age, farming experience were found negatively significant with the profitability level. All the selected 12 independent variables put together explained about 77.20 per cent variation in the profitability level of participant farmers and 69.40 per cent variation in the profitability level of non participant farmers of rice FFSs. The ‘t’ test indicated that participant farmers had higher level of knowledge, extent of adoption, productivity and profitability levels when compared to non participant farmers of rice FFS with regard to recommended ICM practices. Chi-square test indicated that there was significant association between ‘participation in FFS’ and the level of knowledge, extent of adoption, productivity and profitability levels of the respondent farmers. The most important problems encountered by the FFS farmers in rice cultivation were ‘inability to take risk without usage of insecticides’, ‘shortage of labour for agricultural purpose’, ‘lack of remunerative price’ and ‘exploitation by middlemen’ followed by ‘unfavorable climate’, ‘lack of community participation in adoption of ICM practices’, ‘difficulty in estimation of Economic Threshold Levels’, ‘high cost of labour’, and ‘non availability of inputs in time’. The important suggestions given by the majority of the participant farmers to overcome the problems were ‘supply of bio products by Department of Agriculture and KVK’ followed by ‘bringing social movement to adopt ICM practices by the farmers’ and ‘convergence of Mahatma Ghandi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) for agricultural activity’ followed by ‘arranging practical training for farmers other than FFS training’ and ‘convergence of MGNREGS for agricultural activity’, ‘timely supply of inputs by the government through department of agriculture’, ‘government should provide subsidy on labour wages’ and ‘agricultural scientists should focus their research on climate change scenario’. A suitable strategy has been formulated for effective functioning of FFSs.