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Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda has been established as a full-fledged State University, having unique honour of being the “First Agricultural University of Bundelkhand Region”. The University was notified vide Government Order No. 301/79-V-1-10-1 (Ka) 27-2009 Lucknow and established on 2nd March 2010 under Uttar Pradesh Agriculture University Act (Sanshodhan) 1958 Gazette-Adhiniyam 2010. Initially it was named as “Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda”, which was changed as “Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda” vide Uttar Pradesh Agriculture University Act (Sanshodhan) Adhiniyam, 2014, No. 1528(2)/LXXIX-V-1-14-1(Ka)-13-2014 dated 4th December 2014.
The University has been established for the development of the agriculture and allied sectors in the Uttar Pradesh on the whole and Bundelkhand region in particular. It is committed to serve the Bundelkhand region with trinity concept, i.e. complete integration of teaching, research and extension for the development of agriculture and allied sectors in order to ensure food security and enhance socio-economic status of inhabitants. State Government of Uttar Pradesh has assigned the University with the responsibilities of (a) human resource generation and development, (b) generation and perfection of technologies, and (c) their dissemination to the farmers, orchardists and dairy farmers in the Chitrakoot Dham and Jhansi divisions. The Chirtrkoot Dham Division consists of four districts, namely Banda, Chitrakoot (Karvi), Mahoba and Hamirpur whereas Jhansi Division consists of Jhansi, Lalitpur and Jalaun (Orai) districts.
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ThesisItem Open Access VILLAGE LEVEL SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL FERTILITY IN BANDA DISTRICT OF BUNDELKHAND(DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA210001, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA), 2023-07-24) SURJEET; A.K. ChaubeyThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Carbon Fractions and Soil Quality of the different Land Use Systems(DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA), 2023-08-16) ATUL KUMAR SINGH; AMIT MISHRAA study was conducted at the research farm of the Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, U.P. The region is categorized under semi-arid climate the as per the meteorological data of 5 year the average annual rainfall is 913.3 mm (82 % received in only 3 months (July, August and September)). The mean minimum temperature was more than 25° C was observed in months (April-September). The evaporation was recorded more than 12 mm in month of April and May. The study was conducted on Land Use Patterns (LUPs) established on conversion of thorny scrub undulated land to cultivated land. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different LUPs on soil organic carbon fractions and soil quality. The 12 LUPs patterns (Agroforestry-based system (AFS) (3), Orchards (3), Cultivated land (5) and uncultivated (1)) were selected for the study. The age of agro forestry, orchards and cultivated land were 5 years, 3.5 years and 3 years respectively. The eight soil samples were collected from the each LUPs and considered as replication. The two depths sample were collected. The soil indicators were selected as per the secondary literature and expert advice. The soil samples were analyzed by adopting standard protocols. The earthworm count found none in different LUPs except in Moringa and Arjun based agro-forestry systems. It indicated that the poor soil fertility. The weed density was higher in uncultivated soils and Mulberry + Lemon grass based AFS. The cultivated lands had higher available phosphorus than AFS, orchards and uncultivated land. Hence, the intensive management system and continuous addition of phosphatic fertilizer in both the season showed the build up phosphorus in soils. The SOC status was low irrespective of LUPs. The cultivated land except Rice-Wheat system had higher SOC % than Arjun based AFS, Pomegranate and Guava orchards and cultivated land. The similar trend was observed with the fractions of SOC i.e. active carbon, WSC and DHA. The SOC stock was significantly higher in pulses based intensive management cultivated land (Blackgram-mustard & IFS supported Pulses-wheat cropping system) than uncultivated land, Pomegranate orchard and Arjun based AFS at both 1 % at 5% probability level in 0-15 cm depth. The SOC was significantly positively correlated with the active carbon (0.531**), WSC (0.36**) and DHA (0.507**), respectively, while CaCO3 in soil was significantly negatively correlated with the active carbon (-443**), WSC (-0.396**) and DHA (- 0.596**) at 0-15 cm, respectively. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) derived from the score function of the selected soil indicators revealed that the order of SQI for both the depth was cultivated land> orchards> AFS> uncultivated land. Hence, it can be concluded that immediate attention needed in soil management particularly for the parameters pH, EC, OC, AC and CaCO3for the improvement in SQI and sustainable productivity of different LUPs.ThesisItem Open Access “Assessment of Sulphur and Bio-fertilizer (Consortia) Effects on Soil Properties, Sulphur Use Efficiency and Yield of Green-gram (Vigna radiata L.)”(DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BANDA-210001 (UTTAR PRADESH) INDIA, 2023-08-13) Jay Singh Chauhan; J. K. TiwariThe experiment was conducted during kharif 2022, at the Agriculture Research Farm, Collage of Agriculture, BUAT. Banda U.P. Total nine treatments were laid out in RBD with thrice replications. The research study was aimed to investigate the effect of increasing level of sulphur with and without bio-consortia application over RDF and control, on soil properties, sulphur use efficiency and yield of green-gram (Vigna-radiata L.). The results revealed that T8 (RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) was significantly superior over other treatments in plant height, nodule plant-1 , seed pod-1 , grain, stover and biological yield including H.I. of green-gram crop cultivated variety Shikha except T6 (RDF + 20 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) and T7 (RDF + 30 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) treatments. Maximum test weight was recorded at T8 (RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) treatment followed by T7 (RDF + 30 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) treatment and minimum at T1 (control). N, P, K & S content and uptake by green-gram also recorded significantly higher at T8 (RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) treatment over all other treatments except T6 (RDF + 20 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) and T7 (RDF + 30 kg S ha-1 + bioconsortia) treatments. Maximum protein content 26.00 % was obtained at T8 (RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) treatment and minimum protein content recorded at T1 (control) treatment. Sulphur use efficiency was maximum at T5 (RDF + 10 kg S ha-1 + bioconsortia) treatment 29.40 and then decreased with increasing level of sulphur and bioconsortia at T6 (RDF + 20 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia), T7 (RDF + 30 kg S ha-1 + bioconsortia) and T8 (RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 + bio-consortia) treatments 27.12, 18.38 and 14.63, respectively. Sulphur use efficiency without bio-consortia received lesser value i.e., 15 and 12.33 at T2 (RDF + 10 kg S ha-1 ) and T3 (RDF + 20 kg S ha-1 ) respectively. Soil properties at post-harvest of crop influenced by different treatments. pH and E.C. showed decreasing trend with an increase in sulphur level but organic carbon, available N, P, K & S content improved positively by the application of increasing level of sulphur and bio-consortia. Over all, T8 (RDF + 40 kg S ha-1 + bioconsortia) treatment proved best and more profitable with highest gross return, net return and B:C ratio of (Rs. 94267.73), (Rs. 57146.18) and 1.54.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL CHARACTERIZATION OF KVK, HAMIRPUR FARM USING GEO-STATISTICAL TOOLS(DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA), 2023-08-08) RANU MISHRA; Deo KumarA comprehensive study was conducted at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) in Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, covering a total area of 12.74 hectares. The soil samples were collected from 78 locations, and various physico-chemical properties were analyzed using standard protocols. The results indicated that the surface soil bulk density ranged from 1.31 to 1.78 g/cm³, while the particle density varied from 1.98 to 2.89 g/cm³. The porosity of the surface soil ranged from 18.18% to 53.04%, with a mean of 41.07%. The soil texture was identified as silty clay loam, with a water holding capacity of approximately 60%. The soil's pH value ranged from 6.61 to 8.05, indicating that the majority of samples (59.8%) were slightly alkaline. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 0.041 to 0.307 dS/m, signifying non-saline conditions. The average organic carbon content was 0.42%, with 71.4% of samples having low organic carbon levels. The available nitrogen content ranged from 154.33 to 354.33 kg/ha, with the majority falling under the medium availability category. Similarly, available phosphorus content varied from 11 to 27 kg/ha, with 94.4% of samples having medium availability. Available potassium content ranged from 164 to 370 kg/ha, mostly falling into the medium availability category (81%). Exchangeable calcium and magnesium were in the medium category for all samples. Available sulfur content ranged from 12.33 to 23 mg/kg, with 89.3% exhibiting medium availability. Available copper and boron were mostly in the medium category, while available zinc and iron had higher availability levels. The correlation analysis showed significant relationships among soil properties, such as a positive correlation between soil pH and electrical conductivity, and organic carbon with available nitrogen and sulfur. Nutrient index studies categorized organic carbon and available nitrogen as deficient, while available phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, copper, and boron were sufficient, and available iron was high. GIS-based thematic maps revealed spatial patterns of soil fertility, with a significant portion having slightly alkaline soils, non-saline conditions, low organic carbon, medium nitrogen availability, and high availability of phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, and iron. This information will aid in developing sustainable land use plans based on soil resources. Overall, the study at KVK, Hamirpur, revealed valuable information about the physico-chemical properties of the soil enabling better understanding and management of agricultural practices to optimize crop productivity and sustainability in the region.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL CARBON POOLS UNDER PROMINENT LAND USE PATTERNS OF BANDA(Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh (India) 210001, 2023-08-11) Richa Raghuvanshi; Jagannath PathakLand use pattern plays a significant bearing on soil organic carbon pools and its physicochemical properties, there distribution and transformation by providing different environmental condition to the soil. Declining soil organic carbon content in the studied area poses a threat to the long term sustainability, productivity and health of soil. Therefore the importance was felt to study the effect of different land use patterns on soil carbon and therefore the present study was conducted in order to promote the best suitable land use pattern. Depth wise soil samples were collected from three depth up to 45 cm (at an interval of 15 cm). the soil samples collected were analyzed for various soil organic carbon pools and its physico-chemical properties at department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BUAT, Banda. Results from the present study revealed that with more sand content the soils were Sandy clay loam to Clay loam in texture. Soil was alkaline in reaction and non-saline in nature. Among all the studied land use patterns Horticultural land use pattern recorded higher TC, TOC, WBC,VLC, LC, LLC, NLC, PmOC, WSC, MBC when values were averaged from all the three depths. With oxidizable organic carbon fractions following the order NLC (0.32 % > VLC (0.238 %) > LC (0.157 %) > LLC (0.156 %). PmOC under various land use patterns ranged from 545.72 to 874.94 mg kg-1 and MBC ranged from 151.67 to 417.41 mg kg-1 . Relating to the sand content the instantaneous soil moisture loss was found to be higher in Agricultural and Agroforestry land use patterns form 0-15 cm depth which followed the 5th order scatter and the loss was minimum from Horticultural land use pattern. Therefore in essence it could be concluded that the out of all the studied land use patterns Horticultural land use pattern performed the best because it was a more than 50 year old orchard returning more organic residue to the soil and helping in carbon build up.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of Site-Specific Nutrient Management Tools on Puddled Transplanted Rice Evaluation of Site-Specific Nutrient Management Tools on Puddled Transplanted Rice(Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2022-08-05) Singh Suman, Anurag; MISHRA), AMITA field experiment was carried out to study the nitrogen management in the semiarid region of Bundelkhand by using site-specific nutrient management tools like IRRI LCC, PAU LCC, and web tool RCM on paddy crop during Kharif 2021. The experiment was conducted on heavy texture soil at Student‟s Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda. The experimental design was a split-plot with two main factors viz line transplanting and random transplanting, and six sub-factor site-specific nutrient management viz. Omission plot nitrogen (T1), Farmers Fertilizer Practice (T2), State Fertilizer Recommendation (T3), IRRI LCC (T4), PAU LCC (T5), and RCM (T6) with replicated thrice. The soils of experimental soil site having soil pH (8.23), electrical conductivity (1.036 dSm-1 ), organic carbon (0.34%), and available potassium (244.0 kg ha-1 ). The saving of nitrogen was observed with SSNM tools than SFR. However, the amount of nitrogen was applied through IRRI LCC 3kg higher, and PAU LCC was 10 kg higher than FFP. The minimum amount of nitrogen was applied through RCM. The overall experimental results revealed that the site-specific nutrient management tool IRRI LCC (T4) and PAU LCC (T5) had a better number of effective tillers, grains per panicle, and filled grains, thereby significantly increased the grain yield of paddy in comparison to farmers‟ fertilizer practice (T2) and State fertilizer recommendation. The RCM was also found to be superior to than FFP and SFR. The maximum B:C ratio was found with both LCC treatments viz PAU LCC and IRRI LCC (1.84),While minimum B:C ratio was recorded with FFP. The efficiency indices, agronomic efficiency was recorded with 25.87, 23.91,and 25.33 Kg grain enhancement per kg nitrogen with IRRI LCC, PAU LCC and RCM, respectively as compared to FFP (15.80 Kg grain Kg-1 ) and SFR (17.51 Kg grain Kg-1 ). The recovery efficiency of nitrogen and partial factor productivity were also recorded better with both LCC and RCM than FFP and SFR, which indicates better utilization of nitrogen in SSNM treatments. The treatments did not influence the soil properties. Hence, the study suggests the line transplanting and use of SSNM tools (IRRI LCC, PAU LCC & RCM) for the better management of nitrogen and yield maximization of transplanted rice for the Bundelkhand region. However, the results could be further verified in different rice growing location of the region.ThesisItem Open Access “Assessment of Spatial Variability of Soil parameters at KVK & Regional Agriculture Research Station, Belatal Mahoba.”(Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2022-07-30) Mishra, Suraj; Kumar, DeoThe present investigation was carried out in 2021-22 with an aim to assessment of spatial variability of soil parameters at KVK and RARS Belatal Mahoba (21.82 ha), soil fertility maps using Geo statistical tools and evaluate the spatial variability of different soil parameters. The georeferenced location point soil samples were collected, processing and analysed adopting standard protocols. The data pertaining to indicated that soils of KVK and RARS Mahoba to bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon are ranged from 1.32-1.64 g cm-3 , 2.52-2.85 g cm-3 , 39.78- 49.24 %, 6.90-7.61, 0.041-0.212 dsm-1 , 0.17-0.63% with mean value of 1.55 g cm-3 , 2.72 g cm-3 , 42.95%, 7.29, 0.107 dsm-1 , 0.41%, respectively. The data pertaining to available N, P, K, S, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and B ranged from 162-347 kg ha-1 , 12-27 kg ha-1 , 164-370 kg ha-1 , 10-21 mg kg-1 , 12-17 mg kg-1 , 0.31-0.89 mg kg-1 , 0.23-0.78 mg kg-1 , 14-19 mg kg-1 and 0.31-0.84 mg kg-1 with mean value of 231 kg ha-1 , 19 kg ha-1 , 229 kg ha-1 , 15 mg kg-1 , 15 mg kg-1 , 0.59 mg kg-1 , 0.45 mg kg-1 , 17 mg kg-1 and 0.59 mg kg-1 , respectively. Out of total 270 samples about 59% samples are neutral and 41% samples are slightly alkaline in category. All the samples fall under non saline in nature. In aspect to organic carbon majority samples 77% were low in category, available nitrogen 80% samples were low in category, available phosphorous 93.7% samples lies under medium in category, available potassium 81% samples lies under medium in category, available sulphur 87% samples lies under medium in category, available manganese all the samples falls under high in category, available copper 99.6% near to all the samples falls under medium in category, available zinc 99.3% near to all the samples falls under low in category, available iron all the samples falls under high in category and available boron majority samples 70% lies under medium in category. Soil pH exhibited significant and positive correlation with EC (r= 0.322* ), available nitrogen (r= 0.232* ), copper (r= 0.345**) and zinc (r= 0.224* ) and negative correlated with available sulphur (r= -0.361**). Electrical conductivity exhibited significant and negative correlated with available potassium (r= -0.278**) and sulphur (r= -0.378**). Organic carbon exhibited significant and positive correlation with available nitrogen (r= 0.670**), phosphorous (r= 0.356**), potassium (r= 0.487**) and zinc (r= 0.211* ). Available nitrogen exhibited significant and positive correlation with available phosphorous (r= 0.303**), potassium (r= 0.344**) and zinc (r= 0.400**). Available phosphorous was not significantly correlated with other soil properties. Available potassium exhibited significant and positive correlation with available iron (r= 0.339**) and negative correlated with available copper (r= -0.292**). Available sulphur exhibited significant and negative correlation with available copper (r= -0.265* ). Available manganese exhibited significant and positive correlation with available zinc (r= 0.339**). Available copper was not significantly correlated with other soil properties. Available zinc exhibited significant and positive correlation with available boron (r= 0.272**). Available iron was not significantly correlated with other soil properties. The Nutrient index value (NIV) for organic carbon (1.23), available nitrogen (1.23), available zinc (1) was found in the low category, whereas nutrient index values of available phosphorus (2.06), available potassium (2.19), available sulphur (2.01), available copper (2), available boron (1.7) were found in the medium category and available manganese (3), available iron (3) were found in the high category. GIS based thematic map of soil reaction maximum 11.27 ha (51.6%) area was found of neutral soils, EC all the soils of the study area were non- saline. Predicted area of different classes in GIS based thematic map of soil organic carbon and available N showed that maximum 17.78 ha (81.5%) and 20.18 ha (92.15%) area was recorded in the low category. For available phosphorous, potassium, sulphur and boron maximum 21.6 (99%), 20.47 (93.8%), 21.73 (99.6%) and 18.65 (85.5%) area was recorded in the medium category. For available manganese and iron was recorded found all the soils of the study area were high in category. For available copper all the soils of the study area were medium in category. For available zinc all the soils of the study area were low in categoryThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Nutrient Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Through Nutrient Omission Technique in Bundelkhand(Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001, Uttar Pradesh India, 2022-08-29) Zulfiqar, Azra; Tiwari, J. K.A Field experiment “Assessment of nutrient response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through nutrient omission technique in Bundelkhand” was conducted on nutrient omission technique in wheat crop to assess the effect of nutrient addition and deletion at Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda. The experiment was laid out in RBD, comprising nine treatments T1- (RDF), T2- (RDF+ Nano N+ Nano Zn), T3 -Nano N Omitted + (N,P, K, S) + Nano Zn, T4 -Nano Zn Omitted + (N,P, K, S) + Nano N, T5- N Omitted ( P, K, S, Zn), T6 -P Omitted (N, K, S, Zn), T7 -K Omitted (N, P, S, Zn), T8 -S Omitted (N, P, K, Zn), T9 -Zn Omitted (N, P, K, S), with three replications. Effect of nutrient addition and deletion were evaluated on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat crop cv K-1317. T2 (RDF+ Foliar spray of Nano N and Nano Zn) treatment recorded over all best plant height, tiller per square meter, dry matter, spikes per square meter, number of grain per ear, test weight, grain yield , straw yield and biological yield including harvest index. N, P, K, S and Zn content and uptake also recorded highest in T2 RDF+ Foliar spray of Nano N and Nano Zn) treatment. Protein content, partial factor productivity and nutrient use efficiency were high in T2- (RDF+ Nano N+ Nano Zn) treatment followed by T4- Nano Zn Omitted + (N,P, K, S) + Nano N treatment , T3 - (Nano N Omitted + (N,P, K, S) + Nano Zn) treatment and T1 (RDF) treatment. Gross return, net return and B: C ratio were found maximum in T2 treatment followed by T4- Nano Zn Omitted + (N,P, K, S) + Nano N treatment, T3- Nano N Omitted + (N,P, K, S) + Nano Zn) treatment and T1 (RDF) treatment, respectively. Overall nitrogen omission T5 N Omitted (P, K, S, Zn) treatment was found most limiting factor in this investigation, followed by P, K, S and Zn were found limiting in decreasing order. This experiment of nutrient addition and omission technique reveals that basal application of RDF with foliar application of Nano N and Nano Zn was more effective and remunerative in wheat crop cv K-1317 while omission of nutrients results negative effectThesisItem Open Access SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF MICRONUTRIENTS AND SULPHUR IN A MINOR LIFT CANAL COMMAND AREAOF BUNDELKHAND (U.P.)(Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda- 210001,Uttar Pradesh, India, 2022-07-29) Syed, Saniya; Chaubey, A.K.The present investigation was carried out in 2020-22 with an aim to assess the soil micronutrients and sulphur fertility status, to prepare soil fertility maps using GIS and to evaluate the spatial variability of different soil micronutrient and Sulphur. The investigation was carried out in the village Kanwara which included almost command area of the minor lift canal in district Banda of Bundelkhand. Out of total (1090 ha) area as per the data of irrigation department, the main irrigated area up to extent of 545.64 ha from the middle and head end of the command area. A systematic set of georeferenced collected soil samples based on topography, soil type of minor lift canal command area of district Banda (U.P.), at the depth of 0-15 cm, was utilized by following the standard methods of soil analysis.The data pertaining to cationic micronutrients in the form of available iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and sulphur (S) has been grouped according to established classes of three and six critical limits. The mean values of analysed soil samples were 6.61 ± 1.59 (varied from 1.63 to 9.63) mg kg-1 , 5.15 ± 1.82 (varied from 1.96 to 11.43) mg kg-1 , 0.77 ± 0.68 (varied from 0.17 to 9.56) mg kg-1 , 0.44 ± 0.12 (varied from 0.16 to 0.81) mg kg-1 and 14.80 ± 5.42 (varied from 3.69 to 32.67) mg kg-1 for available iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and sulphur (S). The coefficient of variation was 24.05, 88.31, 35.33, 27.27 and 36.62 percent respectively, for available iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and sulphur (S), showing the soil variations in analysed samples in the order Zn>S>Cu>Mn>Fe in the Kanwara minor lift canal command area. The maximum numbers of soil samples of Fe, Zn and Mn were found in the medium range of their respective critical limit occupying 179 (84.8 %), 103 (48.8%) &149 (70.6%) whereas only 20 (9.48%), 75 (35.55%) & 34 (16.11%) in low and 12(5.69%), 33 (15.64) and 28(13.27 %) in high critical limit, showing more representation from medium to low fertility and augmenting its deficiency in study area. The most of the soil values of available copper content fitted into the high category (64.3%) followed by the medium (34.1%). A maximum 99(46.9%) soil samples of sulphur fell into the medium range category trailed by 79 (37.4%) into the high category. It was found that 62.2%, 35.7%, 33.1%, 9.5% and 8.1% samples out of 211 were found deficient (comprising acute deficient and deficient) in available S, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn, respectively as per newly evolved six critical limits. All evaluated soil parameters (available iron, manganese, zinc, copper and sulphur) showed a positive and highly significant (1% level of significance) correlation with organic carbon and negative correlation with pH in a highly significant manner, except for copper, which exhibited only a significant correlation. Examination of GIS based interpolated map predicted maximum area in medium critical limit 545.64 ha (100 %), 412.75 (75.7%), 395.68 (72.6%), 419.25(76.83%) for Fe, Zn, Mn & S, respectively except for Cu, that occupied 545.64 ha (100 %) in high critical limit. It was found that 20.4 & 76.9 7% samples were deficient (comprising acute deficient and deficient) in the interpolated maps of available Zn and S respectively, as per newly evolved six critical limits. Majority of the area were predicted in latent deficient critical limit 62.5%, 70.69%, 72.6% and 100% for Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu except S occupying maximum area (76.9 %) in deficient critical limit.
