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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya
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ThesisItem Open Access Survey and management of black scurf disease in potato(2021-07-10) Singh, Aditya Pratap; Singh, S.K.Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), is an important vegetable crop grown throughout India and it play very important role in the supply of the nutrients to the under nourished vegetarian population of the country. Black scurf and stem canker diseases of potato is caused by the Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the wide spread and destructive diseases in world. For minimizing the losses caused by black scurf need inexpensive and environmentally safe management practices. The present investigation regarding to studies on Survey and management of Black scurf disease of Potato was carried out during Rabi season 2020-21 at laboratory of department of Plant Pathology and field experiments were conducted at the Student’s Instructional Farm, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) India. Black scurf disease was prevalent at all the surveyed five districts of Uttar Pradesh. Average disease incidence was 16.33 per cent and 10.53 per cent disease severity were recorded. Twelve germplasm were screened against black scurf disease. Among them C-28 was found Immune (no symptoms), C-48 was resistant, 8 germplasm were found moderately resistant, Kufri Ashok was moderately susceptible, none of genotypes was found Susceptible and Kufri Pukhraj was found highly susceptible. For the management of black scurf of potato, seven various combination practices such as mulching (neem leaf), addition of mushroom spent (organic amendment) in soil, bio-control agent (e.g. Trichoderma harzianum) mixed in soil and tuber treatment at the sowing time, tuber treatment and foliar application of fungicides viz. Carbendazim, Boric acid and tuber treatment with Thifluzamide 15%+ Difenoconazole 20% were evaluated in field conditions. The results clearly indicated that all treatment more or less reduced the black scurf disease incidence, disease severity and increase the germination, plant height, BSDI and yield of the potato. The black scurf disease incidence varies between 4.45 to 13.55 per cent. Among all treatments, lowest (4.45%) disease incidence was recorded in tuber treatment with boric acid 3% + Carbendazim 1% which was found most effective in managing the black scurf disease.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on variability and management of Sheath blight of Rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, ayodhya, 2021-08-18) Yadav, Vikash Kumar; Chaudhary, V.P.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the three major food crops of the world and is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population. It is an important cereal crop of India, affected by various fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a major constraint to rice production during the last two decades. Ten major rice growing districts of Uttar Pradesh were surveyed for sheath blight of rice disease viz. Ayodhya, Ambedkar Nagar, Amethi, Azamgarh, Deoria, Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Prayagraj, Sultanpur and Varanasi. The maximum Average relative lesion height (RLH) was recorded in Ambedkar Nagar (60.59 per cent) and minimum in Deoria (23.66 per cent) district. The samples were collected from the surveyed areas and designated as RS-1 to RS-10. Pathogenicity of all the isolates was proved by Koch’s Postulates by artificial inoculation. Very high disease severity (>75 per cent) was observed at BPT-5204, Chinttu, Gorakhnath, and Sonam varieties. Morphological variability in ten isolates of R. solani revealed that six isolate branched at acute angle, two isolates at obtuse angle and two isolates also branched at right angel. The hyphal width of all the ten isolates varied from 4.36 to 6.59 μm. In case of the cultural variability, five isolates produced pure white colonies, three were grey white and two were creamish whites in color. Besides the reverse color of the culture, isolates were classified into two categories namely, light Ivory and yellow.ThesisItem Open Access Identification of resistant sources, variability in Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke.) Tak. causing false smut of rice and its management(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-08-18) Maurya, Manish kumar; Singh, S.K.Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke.) Tak. is a devastating disease all around the world including India. In India, this diseases causes an economic yield losses i.e., 0.5 to 49 per cent depending on the host variety and weather conditions. A survey was conducted in fifteen rice growing districts of Uttar Pradesh during two consecutive years 2019-20 and 2020-21. maximum average infected tillers was found in Gonda district (39.94%) followed by Ambedkar nagar (37.84%), Jaunpur (34.62%), Saharanpur (32.19%) and other districts while minimum in Azamgarh (19.43%). Few varieties especially hybrids were found heavily infected with false smut disease viz., Damini, Arize 6444, Arize 6444 Gold, Pioneer 27P31, Moti Gold, Ganga Kaveri etc. Infected panicle of rice with false smut was collected from surveyed district of Uttar Pradesh. The pathogen was isolated on PSA medium and maintained. Fifteen isolates of U. virens were differentiated on the basis of their cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics. All the isolates produced well defined mycelial growth on potato sucrose agar (PSA) medium with colony diameter ranging from 25.6 to 84.3 mm after 20 days of incubation. Based on growth rate they were categorized as slow, medium and high. Shape of culture was varied from circular to irregular. Margin was varied from entire to lobate. All the 15 isolates had fluffy mycelial growth character. Colony color in most of the isolates was initially white which changed to yellow and finally became green. The conidia were spherical, hyaline, warty and size ranged from 4.13-5.26 μm to 5.81-6.35 μm.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on incidence, severity, variability, bio-chemical basis of resistance and management of spot blotch of wheat(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2020-10-27) Dibya, Dibya; Singh, S.P.ANDUATThe present investigation entitled “Studies on incidence, severity, variability and bio-chemical basis of resistance and management of spot blotch of wheat” was carried out at Student Instructional Farm (SIF), Main Experimental Station (MES), Wheat Pathological Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology and Department of Agriculture Bio-chemistry at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. This University is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs) of Eastern Uttar Pradesh at latitude 26.47o N, longitude 82.12o and at altitude of 113 meter above the sea level. The experiments were conducted during Rabi season 2018-2019 and 2019-20. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal food crop of the world as well as the second most important cereal food crop in India, which contributes nearly one-third of the total food grains production. . India recorded all time high 101.20 mt of wheat production from an area of 29.55 mha with an average national productivity 3424 kg/ha during 2018 (Anonymous, 2018-19). Out of 200 genotypes/lines, none of the genotypes/lines were found immune and highly susceptible, thirty six genotypes were found resistance, ninety one genotypes were found moderately resistant and forty three genotypes were found moderately susceptible. The AUDPC calculated for 200 wheat genotypes on the basis of plant disease intensity varied from 52.5 to 1057.0 first year and 101.5 to 976.5 second year showing the fast progress of disease in all genotypes. Survey of ten districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh during Rabi season 2018-2019 and 2019-20 was carried out in first and third week of March to assess the incidence and severity of foliar blight especially, spot blotch caused by B. sorokiniana. Highest incidence of foliar blight was recorded in district Ayodhya (78.41 per cent) and lowest incidence was recorded with district Maharajganj (69.65 per cent). The severity were ranged 12 to 89 it was observed that during 2019-20 foliar blight severity was more than year 2018-2019.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on antimicrobial effect of botanicals on leaf blight caused by Alternaria brassicae sacc on Indian mustard(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07) Shukla, Anuj Kumar; Rahul, Dr. S. N.The present study was conducted in Mustard growing areas of Utter Pradesh, Ayodhya. The experiment was conducted at ANDU&T Kumarganj Ayodhya at student instructional form (SIF) and Plant Pathology laboratory in the year 2019-2020. The fungus was isolated from infected leaf of mustard plant and morphological study was done find that the fungus was Alternaria brassicae on PDA medium and identified was based on morphological character as colonies appeared greenish black to fluffy mycelial growth. Nine treatment like-T1 (Trichoderma harzianum @ 2%), T2 (Neem oil @ 5%), T3 (Allium cepa @ 5%), T4 (Ginger rhizome extract @ 5%), T5 (Garlic bulb extract@ 5%), T6 (Ocimum sactum extract @ 5%), T7 (Neem leaf extract @ 5%), T8 (Carbendazim @ 0.1%), T9 (water spray). The observation was recorded at 65, 75, 85 DAS. The best result found in observation growth parameters like Number of leaves/Plants T8 (19.73, 20.20, 25.00), T2 (17.47, 17.93, 21.13), Number of branches/plants T8 (6.93, 7.07, 7.17), T2 (6.53, 6.80, 7.03), Plant height (cm) T8 (55.60, 58.80, 79.53), T2(54.80, 56.00, 75.73), Number of pods/plants T8 (197.47, 191.40, 247.20), T2 (181.50, 179.47, 216.27). After harvesting yield parameters was recorded 1000 seed weight (gm) T8 (4.50 g), T2 (4.33 g) Yield per plant (g) Yield q/ha T8 (5.60 g)(8.97 q) T2 (4.83 g)(8.17 q). The disease incidence observation were recorded and best result was found in Per cent Disease intensity T8 (22.33, 31.73, 41.93), T1 (22.80, 32.53, 41.93), Per cent leaf infection T8 (10.33, 19.87, 32.07), T1 (22.17, 26.00, 38.47), Per cent leaf area disease (LAD) T8 (1.67,3.00,5.67) T1 (3.00,4.00,8.00), Per cent pod infection T8 (0.83,20.23,25.17), T1(1.33, 21.00, 25.50), Number of spot/pod (0.10, 0.67, 0.97), T1(0.10, 0.70, 1.17), Per cent seed infection T8 (13.37), T1 (13.67). In growth and yield parameters chemical (T8) and among the botanicals T2 (Neem oil) best result found followed by all botanicals. And in disease incidence parameters T8 (Carbendazim) and among the all botanicals and bio agent T1 (Trichoderma harzianum) found best result followed by other treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Studies of the Variabilities in Alternaria Alternata causing leaf spot of Ber(Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-08-04) Kumar, Deepak; Singh, Dr. H.K.The Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) is one of the most important fruit trees, widely planted in tropics, subtropics regions and Mediterranean regions. India is considered the origin of ber. The fruit is Rhamnaceae, which is generally considered the fruit of the poor. Ber is a good source of carbohydrates, essential minerals, ascorbic acid, iron, calcium, and phosphorus etc. Ber are attacked by many pests and pathogens. Many fungal diseases are also present such as powdery mildew (Oidium erysiphoides f.sp. zizyphi), rust (Phakospora zizyphus vulgaris), leaf spot (Alternaria alternata, Cercospora zizyphi, Cladosporium zizyphi, Phoma macrostoma, Isariopsis indica var. Zizyphi), etc. Due to the Alternaria Alternata fungus, it causes maximum damage to plants. As a result of this disease large parts of the blade are burnt and in such cases the leaflets often wilt and drop and cause severe yield loss. This study was conducted in the ber growing area of Uttar Pradesh, Ayodhya. The experiment carried out at ANDUAT, Kumarganj Main Experiment Station of Horticulture (MES)and plant pathology laboratory in 2019-2021. This fungus was isolated from infected leaves of ber plants and isolation, purification and identification of pathogen was performed. Morphological and cultural study was performed by Poison food technique to find that the fungus was Alternaria alternata with branching mycelium. And septate with light brown to blackish conidiophore in the acropetal sequence. And spores are olive colured, green to dark brown with transverse and longitudinal septa.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Epidemiology and management of alternaria leaf spot of aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-08) Kumar, Rajnish; Mishra, Dr. R.S.Aloe barbadensis (L.) is a perennial, drought-resisting, xerophytic plant belonging to the family Liliaceae. The name, Aloe, is derived from the Arabic “Alloeh” or Hebrew “halal” meaning bitter shiny substance. The leaves are 40-60 cm long, erect, broad, thick and fleshy succulent, green in colour, narrowlanceolate in shape with long acuminate tip with small thorns on both edges. The central bulk of the leaf contains colourless mucilaginous pulp, made up of large, thin walled mesophyll cells. The plant contains 95 – 96% water and over 75 other constituents which include vitamins, minerals, enzymes, sugars, phenolic compounds, saponins and amino acids (Boudreau and Beland, 2006). Aloe vera is attacked by many fungi and pest such as Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Nigrospora oryzae, Cladosporium, Stemphylium botryosum and Penicilliumsp. (Shaker et al 2016). The leaf spot illness caused by Alternaria alternata is one amongst the fore most serious plant diseases touching business cultivation of aloe (Rukhsana et al 2019). This illness is marked by dark brown, death spots, circular to oval with grey centers developing on each surface of leaves (Silva and Singh et al 2012). Severely infected plant begins drying far away from the tip leading a big reduction within the yield of leaves up to eightieth.This study was conducted in the Aloevera growing area. It is one of the important medicinal plants in India, cultivated in fairly large area in many in parts of India viz., Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The experiment carried out in (MAP) at ANDUAT, Kumarganj Ayodhya and plant pathology laboratory in 2020-2021.The Aloe vera leaves showing symptoms of disease were collected aseptically from Medicinal & Aromatic Plant (MAP) Experiment Station of Horticulture farm, ANDUA&T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya and brought to the laboratory for isolation and identification of fungi. Pathogen was isolated from infected leaves and identified as Alternaria alternata on the basis of cultural and morphological character descrived by Booth, (1971), Ellis, (1971), Barnett and Hunter, 1972). Present investigation revealed significant variation in concentration of biomolecules recorded from leaf spot infected Aloevera plants. Total Phenol content was observed 24.6mg/100g dry wt. in Soil application of FYM (1.0kg/m2) enriched with Trichoderma +Pseudomonas talc based formulations each @2.0% at planting time. On the onset of diseased symptom 3 spray of Pseudomonas fluorescence @2.0% of talc based formulation and neem oil @300ppm followed by Soil application of FYM (1.0kg/m2) enriched with Trichoderma +Pseudomonas talc based formulations each @2.0% at planting time. On the onset of diseased symptoms 3 spray of Mancozeb @0.25% with 15 days interval. (18.6mg/100g dry wt.).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Stem gall of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-08-16) Kumar, Sachin; Kumar, Dr. PradipCoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an important seed spice grown throughout the world. Among the diseases, stem gall of coriander, incited by the fungus Protomyces macrosporus Unger, is one of the most common, wide spread and serious diseases throughout the world causing 22 per cent yield losses and deteriorates quality of the seeds. Givingof the above facts, an investigation on “Studies on stem gall of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger”, was conducted at Main Experimental Station Vegetable Science of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya (U.P.). Out of 202 variety / Germplasm screened against Stem gall of coriander, none of the germplasm/variety wasfound immune or disease free to the disease, 4 germplasm was found resistant, found 41 moderately resistant, 52 moderately susceptible and 103 germplasm found highly susceptible. The highest disease intensity was recorded on 04, February, 2021, when maximum and minimum temperature was 25.5℃ and 9℃, respectively with an average relative humidity was 71,8%. During survey for the severity of the disease,the maximum disease severity was recorded at Ayodhya (26.30 %) followed by Kanpur (22.80 %) and Varanasi (21.26). Whereas, the lowest disease severity noted at Banda (11.55%). Among the 12 fungitoxicantas tested, minimum disease intensity (17.70 %) with highest seed yield (19.24 q/ha) was recorded by spraying with Hexaconazole @ 0.2 %, followed by propiconazole (19.44 %), Kasugamycin (22.66) and Copper oxychloride @ 0.3 % (26.31 %), respectively. However, the maximum disease intensity (36.51 %) and the lowest seed yield (14.25 q/ha) was obtained with onion bulb extract @ 5 %.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on variability in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis causing wilt of lentil and its management(ANDUAT,Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-08-17) Prasad, Rajendra; Chandra, SubhashThe current study, title “Studies on Variability in F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis causing wilt of lentil and its management”. Was carried out at the student Instructional Farm, in the Department of Plant Pathology, A.N.D. Uni. of Agri. and Tech., Kumarganj, Ayodhya. Which is situated in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Zone of Eastern Uttar Pradesh at latitude of 26.470 and an altitude of 113 meters above sea level. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is a major pulse crop in Indian and and grown in Rabi season. Among the soil born diseases Fusarium wilt caused by Fol is a major disease of lentil in all areas growing of the country while it grown after paddy, for minimizing of integrated disease management along with use of chemicals and bioagents. The characteristics symptoms of wilt was browning of xylem and phloem when split open. Three hundred genotypes were screened against Fol following sick plot technique in 0-9 disease rating scale, where 50 genotypes were recorded resistance reaction under natural condition while under artificial condition none was found immune or resistance against lentil wilt. In this study five ditricts were surveyed, the disease varies 6.27 to 19.38 per cent where minimum disease incidence was recorded in banda (6.27%) while maximum disease incidence was recorded in banda (19.38%). The data on in vitro efficacy of test fungicides and bio-agents were recorded after 7 days of inoculation. All the treatments reduced significantly the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp lentis. Out of four fungicides and five bio-agents viz., Tebuconazole (94.78%), Mancozeb (94.04%), Carbendazim (92.12%)., Copper oxychloride (92.18%) and Bacillus sp. (90.70%), followed by P. fluorescence (88.66%), T. viride (88.08%), T. harzianum (86.40%), T. virens (84.72%) were reduced significantly mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp lentis. The most effective fungicides and bio-agents were further tested in vivo against wilt disease of lentil. In case field response the fungicide and bio-agents, data were recorded at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. All treatments significantly control the disease. The Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (83.69 %), @ 0.1% (83.81 %) and @ 0.1% (76.87 %) control the disease at 30, 45 and 60 days respectively. while in case of bio-agents Bacillus sp. @ 10g/kg seed maximum disease control (78.29%), 2019-20 but in 2020-21 maximum disease control (78.31%), was found most effective against fusarium wilt of lentil.