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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20211
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Author: Roy, Reena × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL TEXTILE DYE EFFLUENT USING ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Roy, Reena; Phukan, Ava Rani
    Textile dyeing industries are one of the most polluted industries which createlots of problems for environmental pollution. The textile dyeing industry produces in large amount of production and release of waste water effluent. In the present study, activated carbons were prepared from almond, coconut, mustard, rice bran and sesame oil cakes. The powdered oil cakes were treated with 5% NaCl for 12 hours in the rotary shaker followed by chemical activation with 1 N H3PO4, 2.5 N H2SO4 and 2.5 N H3PO4 for 24 hours. The pyrolysis was performed at 300˚C for 2 hours. The ball milling technique was applied to reduce the particle size of the activated carbon. The integrated activated carbons were used for the color removal for acid and metal complex dye effluent from the wool dyeing unit. For dye effluent treatment different concentrations of adsorbent viz.,0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% and time period 30, 60 and 90 minutes were taken respectively. The results showed that very small quantities (1.0 and 2.0%) of activated carbons were sufficient to remove around 92% color from the dye effluent. The particle size of the activated carbon was further reduced by ball milling in Pulverisette 6 for 1 hour.The characterization of activated carbon was synthesized such as FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, bulk density, porosity, ash content, moisture content, pH, zero point charge (pzc), iodine number, methylene blue, particle size analysis, COD and BOD respectively. The activated carbon characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the small pore size with higher surface area that indicates lower absorbency. FTIR analysis also revealed the presence of various types of functional groups during different activation temperatures. From EDX analysis, a negligible quantity of Na, K and S in 2.5 N H3PO4 almond activated carbons and in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond activated carbons there was a negligible quantity of Mg, Si, P and C and other elements were present.The X-ray diffraction pattern of the 2.5 N H2SO4 and2.5 N H3PO4 almondwere recorded at peak 25˚ and 29˚ respectively, and indicated the presence of amorphous structure of the activated carbon with the diffraction pattern of (002).In BET analysis; the surface area, pore radius and pore volume of 2.5 N H3PO4 was recorded as 16.14m2/g, 0.85nm and 0.029cc/g and in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond, it was 7 recorded 64.28m2/g, 0.72nm and 0.040cc/g respectively. Bulk density 4.533g/cm3, porosity 4.500%, ash content 0.176%, moisture contents 0.040%, methylene blue 123.667mg/g, pH 6.180, zero point charge 4.140pzc, particle size 310.333nm, iodine number 22.067m2/g of 2.5 N H3PO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon were recorded best compared to 1 N H3PO4 coconut (ball milling) and 2.5 N H3PO4 mustard (ball milling) activated carbon. The bulk density 5.233g/cm, porosity 3.633%, ash content 0.172%, moisture contents 0.071%, methylene blue 116.000mg/g, pH 6.973, zero point charge 6.460pzc, particle size 825.000nm, and iodine number 21.5333m2/g were also recorded best in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent compared to 2.5 N H3PO4 rice bran (ball milling) and 2.5 N H2SO4 sesame (ball milling) activated carbon. The good absorbency was recorded 0.107 at 2.0% concentration and 90 minutesof contact time in 2.5 N H3PO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon acid dye effluent compared to 1 N H3PO4 coconut (ball milling) and 2.5 N H3PO4 mustard (ball milling) activated carbon. The pH and TDS of the effluent were recorded 4.523 and 2668.66mg/L, concentration 2.0% in 60 minutes, which were found to be best among the 1 N H3PO4 coconut (ball milling) and 2.5 N H3PO4 mustard (ball milling) activated carbon in acid dye effluent. The good absorbency was recorded 0.153 concentration 1.0% and 90 minutes of contact time in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent compared to 2.5 N H3PO4 rice bran (ball milling) and 2.5 N H2SO4sesame (ball milling) activated carbon. The pH and TDS of the effluent were recorded best in5.233 and 2219.33mg/L, concentration 1.0% at 90 and 30 minutes respectively in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent. Therefore, 2.5 N H3PO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon acid dye and 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent proved to be an excellent oil cake for preparation of activated carbon in the textile dye industry and can be used as an alternative source for wastewater treatment. Keywords: Activated carbon, oil cake, wastewater effluent, FTIR, SEM, XRD, TDS