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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20131
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: CHHAKCHHUAK, ROSANGZUALI × End date: 2019 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF BALANCED ANAESTHESIA IN PIGS (Sus scrofa domesticus)
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2013-07) CHHAKCHHUAK, ROSANGZUALI; Sarma, Kushal Konwar
    Thirty (30) clinically healthy weaned mixed breed male piglets (2 to 3 months of age weighing 7 to 14 kg) were used for the experiment and randomly divided into five (5) anaesthetic groups (Groups I, II, III, IV and V) consisting of six (6) piglets in each group. The anaesthetic combinations were administered intramuscularly in quick succession as follows :- Group I : Xylazine-Ketamine @ 2 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg b. wt. IM, respectively. Group II : Medetomidine-Ketamine @ 80 µg/kg and 15 mg/kg b. wt. IM, respectively. Group III : Azaperone-Ketamine @ 4 mg/kg and15 mg/kg b. wt. IM, respectively. Group IV : Acepromazine-Ketamine @ 0.1 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg b. wt IM, respectively. Group V : Triflupromazine-Ketamine @ 2 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg b. wt. IM, respectively. The various observations of the present research work could be summarized as follows: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS • Induction time was shortest in Group II and longest in Group I. Groups III, IV and V exhibited similar intermediate induction time. • The duration of anaesthesia, initial recovery and absence of righting reflex was the longest in Group II followed by Group IV, Group I, Group III and Group V, respectively. • The clinical recovery was the longest in Group II followed by Group I, Group IV, Group III and Group V, respectively. • The induction was smooth and rapid, and recovery uneventful in all the anaesthetic combination groups. • Analgesia was excellent in Group II, good in Groups I and III, and fair in Groups IV & V. • Muscle relaxation was maximum and of the longest duration in Group II piglets. • Moderate to profuse salivation was observed in Groups III, IV and V. • The palpebral reflex, pupillary light reflex and corneal reflex were present with varying intensity during the entire study period in all groups, except in Group II. • In Groups I, II and III, the pedal and pin-prick reflexes were abolished at certain period of observation during the study whereas it remained positive with varying degree during the entire period of observation in Groups IV and V. • Muscle tremor, occasional limb paddling and mild opisthotonus condition were observed in Groups III, IV and V, but were absent in Groups I and II. • The eyeball position was central with negative palpebral reflex at 30th and 45th minutes of observation in Group II piglets indicating a deep plane of surgical anaesthesia. • Breathing pattern indicated light to medium plane of surgical anaesthesia in Groups IV and V, medium to deep plane of surgical anaesthesia in Groups I and III, and deep plane of surgical anaesthesia in Group II. • Vocalization (grunting) was observed with varying degree and at different time in all the anaesthetic groups. • Urination was absent in all piglets, except in 3 animals of Group II. PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS • Rectal temperature – Except for an initial rise from baseline value in Group II, there were steady decline in all the groups till the end of the study period. Cardio-respiratory parameters • Heart rate and pulse rate decreased in all groups, except in Group V. • Systolic Pressure decreased in Groups I, III, IV and V, except in Group II. • Diastolic Pressure, MAP and RTV decreased in all the anaesthetic groups. • Respiration rate increased in all groups, except in Group III. • RMV decreased in Groups I, II & III, whereas it increased in Groups IV and V. • SPO2 increased in Groups I & II, whereas it decreased in Groups III, IV & V. • Mild cardiac and respiratory depression was observed during anaesthesia in all the anaesthetic groups. HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS • There were transient intermittent fluctuations within physiological limits for the different haemato-biochemical parameters in all the anaesthetic groups studied under the experiment which indicated that there was no marked adverse effect of the drug combinations used on the general status of the piglets during the study period. HORMONAL ANALYSIS • In Groups I, II and III, the cortisol levels decreased at 30th minute and subsequently increased towards base values at the end of the observation period. In Groups IV and V, the cortisol levels increased at 30th minute and subsequently decreased at the end of study period. The serum cortisol values showed transient fluctuations within their physiological limits in all the anaesthetic groups during the experiment indicating that there might not be any serious alteration in the basal metabolic rate and stress level in the body. This could be summarized as that the physiological homeostasis was maintained in the anaesthetized piglets. The clinical, physiological, haemato-biochemical and hormonal parameters in all the five anaesthetic combination groups were variable, but well within the physiological limits and almost all the parameters returned to their pre-anaesthetic values towards the end of the study period. Conclusion : On the basis of score card, as Group II scored the highest it can be concluded that Medetomidine-Ketamine combination (@80µg/kg & 15mg/kg body weight IM, respectively) administered intramuscularly in quick succession produced the best balanced anaesthesia in post-weaned piglets characterized by adequate Central Nervous System (CNS) depression, excellent analgesia and complete muscle relaxation. This was followed by Azaperone-Ketamine, Xylazine-Ketamine, Acepromazine-Ketamine and Triflupromazine-Ketamine combinations, respectively. The sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxant properties of both Azaperone and Xylazine in combination with Ketamine were comparable.