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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: BHAGABATI, KRISHANU KR. × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SURVEILLANCE OF FOOT AFFECTIONS IN STALL FED DAIRY CATTLE AND THEIR SURGICO-MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-07) BHAGABATI, KRISHANU KR.; Sarma, Kushal Konwar
    Bovines are the productive animals. Any sort of disease or discomfort of these sensitive animals may lead to decreased production and corresponding economic losses to the farmers. Healthy feet and legs are of utmost concern for dairy cows’ well-being and performance, but the same is intimately related to the management conditions and floor patterns. Feet affections occur when the integrity of climate and structure of floor where animals are kept is rendered defective. Challanges of diseases are also increasing with the increase of the cross bred dairy animal population to meet up the increasing demand and needs of milk augments. Many cases of foot affections in the stall fed dairy cows in and around Khanapara, Guwahati city have been noticed by the practitioners but a systematic study and record of the diseases is still lacking. So the present experiment was undertaken to study incidence of the affections, haematological and biochemical changes in foot affections in relation to clinically healthy animals and to evaluate few prevailing therapeutic measures. Incidence was studied in terms of type of affections, age, season, flooring pattern, lactation number, foot affected and feeding practices. Five animals affected in each summer and winter season with feet affections were considered for investigation. A total of 1760 (one thousand seven hundred and sixty) dairy cows were surveyed in the present investigation out of which 98 (5.568%) animals were found to be affected with various foot lesions. Different types of foot affections were Hoof overgrowth (59.184%), Scissor Claw (30.612%), Heel Erosion (6.122%) and Interdigital Hyperplasia (4.082%). Highest incidence of foot affections were found in the age group of 4-6 years (55.102%) and lowest for 0-2 year’s age group (1.020%). Out of three different floor patterns observed in the area of survey, highest incidence was found for those animals which were maintained in brick floor (65.307%), second highest for wooden floor (23.469%) and lowest for concrete floor (11.224%). Seasonal variation was also found for the incidence of the affections. Highest for summer (60.204%) followed by winter (39.796%). Out of total affected animals fore foot affections were comparatively high than hind foot (50% and 32.653% respectively). In 17.347 percent animals foot affections could be noted on both fore and hind limbs. Highest incidence of the disease was found in animals of 3rd lactation (51.020%). Out of total affected animals foot affections were comparatively high in those that were provided high concentrate ration (67.347%). Haematological investigation showed that mean values of Hb, Lymphocyte and Monocyte did not differ significantly between normal and affected animals in both summer and winter season. Mean values of RBC, WBC and PMN in affected animals were significant in summer with values being 5.74±0.623, 5.97±1.692 and 33.6±1.435 compared to the mean values of normal animals. Mean value of TLC in affected animals were significant in winter with value being 9±1.048. While the mean values of PCV, Neutrophil, Eosinophil and Basophil were significant between normal and affected animals in both the two seasons. Biochemical test revealed that mean values of ALP and Creatinine were significant in winter with values being 211.6±52.384 and 1.0044±0.173 respectively compared to the mean values of normal animals. While the mean values of AST and Creatine Kinase were significant between normal and affected animals in both the two seasons. Bacteriological investigation revealed both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms from infected hoof lesions. Three samples out of ten showed Streptococcus and Staphylococcus organisms and rest of the samples showed Gram negative coccobacilli. Sensitivity test of samples showed resistance to Enrofloxacin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin but sensitive to Gentamicin and Tetracycline. Four samples out of ten showed sensitivity to ceftiofur but 6 samples were resistance to ceftiofur. Affected animals were treated according to the type of affections. Secondary bacterial infection as seen in bacterial culture and sensitivity test were treated with specific antibiotics. Meloxicam @15ml/375 kg b.w was administered intra muscularly in cases where pain was evidenced. Hoof trimming was done under sedation with Xylazine Hydrochloride @0.05-0.22mg/kg b.w in cases of hoof overgrowth and scissor claw. Cases of inter-digital hyperplasia with associated wound were treated with local application of antiseptic and antibiotic powder followed by a course of systemic antibiotic. Animals with heel horn erosion condition were managed by reducing both the heels to the same height.