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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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2020 - 20222
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pathology and molecular diagnosis of helicobacter infection in pig
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, 2022-09) Dutta, Kongkon Jyoti; Tamuli, Sarojini Mahanta
    Helicobacter is a zoonotic bacterium that has been associated with gastritis and ulcearative lesion in the stomach of pig. Prevalence of Helicobacter infection in pig was determined from four districts of Assam during the period from July, 2021 to June, 2022. The prevalence of Helicobacter infection was found to be 39.9% and 45.67% by RUT and PCR test, respectively. The age wise prevalence of Helicobacter infection revealed highest in adult pigs 42.37% (RUT) and 48% (PCR) in comparison with piglet 23.07% (RUT) and 16.66% (PCR). Among different farms the highest prevalence was recorded in unorganized farms 45.53% (RUT) and 52.17% (PCR) in compared to organized farms 32.96% (RUT) and 37.10% (PCR). The presence of HLOs in different regions of the stomach by RUT was recorded as Parsoesophagea (1.48%), Cardia (2.95%), Fundus (15.27%), and Pylorus (20.27%). The maximum positivity was recorded in pylorus and fundus region with 20.27% and 15.27% respectively. The presence of HLOs in different grades of gastric macroscopic lesions was determined. The positivity of HLOs in different grades of gastric macroscopic lesions recorded as: 1+ (Early or mild) (28.12%), 2+ (Severe) (37.03%), and 3+ (more severe+ ulcers) (56.89%). The maximum positive RUT was detected in Grade 3+ (58.89%). HLOs were detected by brush cytology from the mucosal surface satined with Giemsa and Gram’s stain in 22.66% and 16.74% of the samples respectively. The gross lesions of gastritis were recorded in 203 (58%) stomachs out of 350 pig carcasses examined. The present investigation recorded early or mild gastric lesions (1+) in 31.53%, severe lesion (2+) in 39.90% and more severe lesions and ulceration (3+) in 28.57% of the stomach examined grossly. The recorded lesions were various grades of lesions as thickening of the gastric wall, corrugation of the gastric folds, congestion and haemorrhages, necrosis and sloughing of the gastric mucosa, erosions and ulceration in the parsoesophagea as well as glandular regions of the stomach. The frequency of various histopathological lesions in affected stomach were Hyperkeratosis (17.28%), Parakeratosis (14.81%), Epithelial hyperplasia (44.44%), Glandular degeneration (60.49%), Vacuolation of glandular epithelium (56.79%), Lymhoid follicle (62.96%), Inflamatory cell infiltration (Neutrophil (32.09%), Lymphocyte (45.67%), Eosinophil (23.45%), Macrophage (28.39), Plasma cell (25.92%), Sloughing & erosion (53.08%), Ulcer, Congestion and Haemorrhages (39.50%), Glandular abscess (9.87%), Fibrosis (4.93%), Metaplasia and Dysplasia (3.70%), and Detection of Helicobacter (9.87%). Ultrastructurally, Helicobacters with bacillary morphology, inflammatory cells on the gastric mucosa and biofilm formation by coccoid form of Helicobacters were detected. PCR analysis of the gastric samples showed the presence of Helicobacter spp in 37 (45.67%) and Helicobacter suis in 17 (20.98%) samples. PCR detection rate was found to be higher from the pylorus and fundic region and severe gastric lesions of the stomach. To study the zoonotic potential of Helicobacters, a total of 30 saliva samples from pig farmers were subjected for PCR out of which Helicobacter spp. was detected in 8 numbers of samples. Further, Helicobacter suis (2) and Helicobacter pylori (3). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Helicobacter suis detected from pig handlers and pig stomach samples shares above 99% identity suggesting zoonotic transmissions of Helicobacters from pig to human.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2020-12) ISLAM, MUZAHARUL; GOSWAMI, S.
    The present investigation was carried out to know the pathomorphology of Infectious Bursal Disease in different organized and un-organized poultry farms in and around the Guwahati city, Kamrup district, Assam. Altogether 1650 birds were necropsied, out of which 1279 birds from 29 different outbreaks were diagnosed as suspected of IBD based on gross lesions observed. Clinical signs commonly recorded were vent pecking, dullness, depression, anorexia, ruffled feathers and yellowish white diarrhea. In gross pathological study, bursa of Fabricius were found to be invariably affected with lesions like swelling, edema and hemorrhage. Few bursa of Fabricius showed atrophy. Moderate to severe haemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscle were consistently observed. The kidneys were enlarged and mottle with whitish pale colour appearance. Hemorrhagic lesions were also noticed in extra bursal lymphoid organs like spleen, thymus and caecal tonsils. Histopathologically, there were mild to severe depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and caecal tonsils. Heterophilic infiltrations were also consistently observed in these organs. Complete depletion of lymphocytes with formation of cystic cavity were noticed in some bursal follicle. Marked thickening of the inter-follicular space with proliferated fibrous connective tissue were another characteristic bursal lesion observed. Muscle sections revealed haemorrhages and necrosis. Kidney showed degenerative changes and necrosis in proximal and distal convoluted tubules. There were glomerular shrinkage in few cases. Degenerative changes of the hepatocytes were the commonly observed histopathological changes in liver. In scanning electron microscopic study of bursa of Fabricius, moderate to severe erosion and ulceration of mucosal plica and exposure of reticular fibers were noticed after exuviations of epithelial and other cells were noticed. Button like depressed structures were seen in follicles and some follicles appeared as empty craters due to complete lymphocytic depletion. Spleen and thymus also showed moderate to severe lymphocyte depletion characterized by presence of homogenous mass. In transmission electron microscopic, spherical virus particle without a clear membrane were observed in the cellular debris of the cytoplasm of the follicular cells. Mitochondrial changes like crystolysis were also recorded. ABSTRACT The disease was confirmed by detection of viral antigen and viral nucleic acid in 165 representative samples by Indirect IPT and 612 representative samples by RT-PCR.