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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20161
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: SAHARIAH, PARAG JYOTI × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PREVALENCE, PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF DUCK VIRUS ENTERITIS IN ASSAM
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara,Guwahati, 2016-06) SAHARIAH, PARAG JYOTI; Upadhyaya, T.N.
    Duck plague or duck viral enteritis is an acute and contagious and economically important viral disease of ducks having high morbidity and mortality rate. A total thirty nos. of duck plague outbreaks occurring in certain district of Assam were attended during the period of February, 2014 to March 2016. Out of a total 5252 ducks at risk, 2956 (56.28%) were affected clinically and 2449 (46.62%) died. The overall morbidity and mortality were 56.28% and 46.62% respectively, however the cause specific mortality for DP in the present study was found to be 82.85%. Highest mortality was recorded in duckling (55.80%) followed by grower (51.24%) and adult ducks (35.43%) respectively. In the present investigation, altogether 445 serum samples were collected from the ducks from affected as well as some other ducks from the surrounding areas of the outbreak from different parts of Assam. All the serum samples were subjected to indirect ELISA test for detection of the duck plague viral antibody. Out of the total 445 serum samples tested for detection of DP viral antibody, 171 (38.42%) serum samples showed positive in ELISA. A total of 131 numbers of duck carcasses were subjected to necropsy examination. Externally, the carcasses were markedly emaciated, the vent was soiled with greenish-white faecal materials and occulo-nasal discharges were also observed. Grossly, the vascular changes were invariably present in all the visceral organs including the brain. The longitudinal folds of the esophagus showed presence of thick yellowish-white patchy diphtheritic membrane. In a few cases, the intestinal annular bands appeared as intensely reddened rings due to haemorrhages and were visible from external and internal surfaces. The liver was moderately enlarged with presence of scattered petechiae and focal greyish-white necrotic areas. The coronary vessels of the heart were engorged. There was presence of petechiael to echymotic haemorrhages in the epicardium particularly in and around the coronary groove, which give the heart a characteristics paint brush appearance. Microscopic lesions were characterized by haemorrhages, congestion, degeneration and necrotic changes of the parenchymatous organs. Liver showed varying degrees of degeneration with multiple areas of focal coagulative necrosis. Intra-nuclear, eosinophilic inclusion bodies with a distinct halo were observed inside the degenerated hepatocytes. Congestion of the blood vessels in the myocardium, haemorrhages between the muscle fibres and epicardium of heart were evident. There were rupture of the blood vascular wall and escape of blood into the surrounding musculature. The intestinal annular band showed congestion, haemorrhages and depletion of the lymphocytic cell populations. Lymphocytic depletion was also observed in the spleenic and bursal follicles. For in-situ demonstration of the DP virus Fluorescence Antibody Test was used. On fluorescent microscopy (FAT) DP virus was demonstrated in the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, brain, thymus and intestinal annular band. A total of 380 numbers of samples were collected from clinically affected (107) and dead ducks (273) for molecular diagnosis of the disease. Out of total 380 samples, 231 (84.61%) post mortem samples and 68 (63.55%) clinical samples showed positive for duck plague virus specific nucleic acid. Highest numbers of tissue samples that showed positive for PCR were liver (91.80%) and spleen (91.53%). In clinical samples 79.10 per cent was positive in whole blood, 40.91 percent was positive in cloacal swabs and 33.34 percent in tracheal swab. In biochemical study, the ALT and AST activities in serum and tissues were significantly higher in DP affected ducks in comparison to the healthy ducks. The virus could be successfully isolated in 9-11 day old duck embryos from the field samples. The infected CAM and the embryos showed extensive haemorrhages throughout the body. Embryopathy was observed within 4-8 days post infection.