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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access RESURGENCE OF TRADITIONAL ASSAMESE MOTIFS: THEIR APPLICATION IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN WOMEN’S WEAR(2021) Nath, Dristirupa; Kaur, SatvinderThe present study on “Resurgence of Traditional Assamese Motifs: Their Application in Contemporary Indian Women’s Wear” was carried out with the following objectives 1. To design and develop different yoke styles for women’s kurtis, 2. To select suitable traditional Assamese motifs for the yokes, 3. To develop the yokes and construct kurtis using the developed yokes, 4. To take the opinion of respondents on the constructed kurtis. Fifteen (15) yoke styles were sketched and among them seven (7) yoke styles were selected in consultation with the major advisor. The traditional Assamese motifs were collected from various primary and secondary sources and seven (7) traditional Assamese motifs were selected in consultation with the major advisor. The motifs were developed manually on individual sheets of graph paper. Then the selected seven (7) yoke styles and seven (7) traditional Assamese motifs were evaluated visually by 50 respondents of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. The respondents were asked to give their order of preferences regarding Yoke styles (shape of the yoke) suitable for using traditional Assamese motifs and Traditional Assamese motifs suitable for use on yoke through schedule I. The data was collected using the rating sheets and final three (3) yoke styles and three (3) motifs were short listed for the study. The motifs were placed differently for the different yoke styles. Total nine (9) yokes (3 yoke styles × 3 motifs) were developed on graph paper and woven on handloom. Greenish yellow and green coloured yarns were selected for the yoke and yellow coloured fabric was selected for the kurti. These three colours belong to the analogous colour scheme. Polyester yarn of count number 60/2 locally called padmini was used for weaving of the yokes. After weaving, yoke shapes were cut and finished with a bias binding. For construction of kurtis, a girl of 34 inch (85 cm) bust measurement was selected as a model and her measurements were taken for construction of the basic bodice block. Nine (9) kurtis with the developed hand woven yokes were stitched using plain weave lizzy bizzy fabric. The kurtis were constructed by following proper methods of economical layout, cutting and stitching. The constructed kurtis were then displayed and data was collected using the interview schedule II prepared for the purpose. Number of respondents was 50 women from Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. As per data from the interview schedule I, Yoke No. 1 got rank 1, Yoke No. 4 got rank 2 and Yoke No. 2 got rank 3 and these were selected for developing the designs further. Findings also highlighted that Motif No. 5 obtained rank 1, Motif No. 2 obtained rank 2 and Motif No. 6 obtained rank 3 and these were selected for developing the patterns for the selected yoke styles. Data from interview schedule II revealed that majority of the respondents found all the yoke styles as excellent. None of the respondents found the yoke styles as poor. Regarding overall appearance of the constructed kurtis with hand woven yoke, all the kurtis were preferred by majority of the respondents. It was observed that majority of the respondents found the cost of the kurti in all the forms as reasonable. A few of the respondents found it as fair and very few of the respondents found it as expensive. The findings also showed that Kurti Design No. 1 obtained 1st rank, Kurti Design no. 6 obtained 2nd rank and Kurti Design No. 5 obtained 3rd rank. It was found that Kurti Design No. 2 got 4th rank and Kurti Design No. 3 got 5th rank. Kurti Design No. 4, Kurti Design No. 7, Kurti Design No. 8 and Kurti Design No. 9 got the rank 6th, 7th 8th and 9th respectively. Data also revealed that high majority of the respondents would like to buy the yoke pieces/yokes/kurtis whereas very few of the respondents did not want to buy the yoke pieces/yokes/kurtis. It was found that half of the total respondents would like to buy stitched kurti, very few respondents wanted to buy only the woven fabric pieces and yoke with strips for sleeves.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of extraction and dyeing parameters of Lac dye from Kerria chinensis (Mahd.) on cotton(2021) Baruah, Sourav; Boruah, Rickey RaniThe present investigation entitled "Optimization of extraction and dyeing parameters of Lac dye from Kerria chinensis(Mahd.) on cotton”was conducted during the year 2019-21.In this study dyeing of cotton was done using Lac dye from species K. Chinensiswith the following objectives. 1. Standardization (optimization) of extraction and dyeing parameters of Lac dye. 2. Evaluation of the colour fastness properties of dyed cotton yarn. Natural dyes are emerging globally as eco-friendly colourant. The greater part of natural dye is vegetable dye obtained from plant source but there are dyes also obtained from insects e.g., Lac Dye. Lac is an animal originated insect dye which is found in India. They can also produce variety shades of colour. During the investigation,HCI, water and Na2CO3were used for acidic, aqueous and alkaline extraction method respectively. Result showed that the optimum extraction was 10% for each medium at 60°C for 60 minutes, 90°C for 100 minutes and 40°C for 75 minutes in acidic, aqueous and alkaline medium respectively. The natural colourant extracted from Lac insect (Kerria chinensis), was utilized for colouration of cotton yarn and their dyeing properties were investigated. Four different mordants such as alum, myrobalan, aluminium sulphate and ferrous sulphate were used on cotton yarns at different concentrations with pre, simultaneous and post-mordanting method to assess the colour fastness properties of the dyed samples. Results showed that, mordant has a significant effect on the colour of yarns and fastness properties were influenced by the type of mordants used. Lac dye showed burgundy to purple colour with mordant alum and orange to red orange colour with mordant aluminium sulphate, faded red in mordant myrobalan and ferrous sulphate shows dark grey colour on cotton yarn in different medium. Alum mordant showed more excellence in physical properties of dyed yarn while aluminium sulphate shows more excellence in colour fastness. Dyed cotton yarn exhibited the best colour fastness range from very fair to good with aluminium sulphate mordant. The cotton yarn samples dyed with alum was found to be better than myrobalan, aluminium sulphate, and ferrous sulphate in respect of tenacity (g/tex), wicking height (cm) and moisture regain (%). Cotton yarn samples mordanted with myrobalan showed highest density, wicking height and moisture regain. The myrobalan mordanted dyed cotton yarn showed highest tenacity and elongation.ThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY SANITARY NAPKIN(2022) Konwar, Suravi; Kalita, Binita B.Menstrual hygiene is a critical problem for low-income groups in developing countries like India. Due to ignorance and lack of awareness, they cannot manage menstrual hygiene during the menstruation period. Studies have shown that about 88% of women in India use unsanitized cloth, ashes, and husk sand as a menstrual absorbent. Also, 70% of women in India can't use sanitary products due to not capable to afford in every month. Moreover, most of the commercially available disposable sanitary products are made of non-biodegradable materials which could induce environmental contamination during disposal. This problem has been solved by replacing a biodegradable sanitary napkin with a synthetic sanitary napkin. The present study focused on developing an eco-friendly sanitary napkin, with multilayer construction by using biodegradable resources. To achieve this goal, roselle and ramie fibers were selected to be used as absorbent filler. Polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric was used as the main top sheet in the developed sanitary napkin. The absorbent layer was developed with a carded web of natural fibers of roselle, and ramie as well as the blend of roselle/ramie (50/50). The developed absorbent core was integrated between the top layer and the barrier layer. Poly lactic acid sheet was used as a barrier layer. Two plant extracts (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and Syzygium cumini) were applied onto the filler fibers to impart antimicrobial properties and then treated samples were evaluated qualitatively for their antimicrobial activity against grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa) bacteria. The antimicrobial test exhibited that the fibers sample treated with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis extract showed an effective inhibitory zone against all the pathogens. Therefore, Nyctanthes arbortristis extract was used as an antimicrobial finish on the filler fibers of developed sanitary napkins. Sanitary Napkins were made in two different sizes viz. large and extra-large. The performance of the sanitary napkin was assessed by absorbency and ability to withstand pressure after absorption, strike through test, wet back test, fluid retention test, vertical wicking test, leakage proof experiment, disposability test, dimensions, etc. Results showed that the sanitary napkin made from ramie had a high absorption capacity (125±2.00 gm and 113.67±2.08 gm) for both sizes. The large size ramie sanitary napkin had taken a minimum time (2.20±0.16 sec.) to transport the drop of fluid whereas the extra-large size sanitary napkin made of ramie had taken 2.38±0.12 seconds. The core with ramie sanitary napkin showed the least (0.43±0.05 gm and 0.47±0.057 gm) wet back value for the large and extra-large sizes. The highest retention capability was considered for ramie sanitary napkins (313.63±3.62% and 302.87±1.47%) for large and extra-large sizes. The sanitary napkin developed from ramie depicted the highest (6.90±0.10 cm and 5.87±0.11 cm) wicking height capacity for both sizes. The maximum percentage of moisture content (6.23±0.20% and 6.33±0.05%) was found in roselle napkins for both large & extra-large sizes. It was observed that there was no trace of leakage when the barrier sheet was folded into a cone and fluid was poured over it and kept for 48hrs. The large and extra-large size of sanitary napkin made of ramie was disintegrated in water just on 77.00±1.73 and 88.67±1.15 seconds of time. The cost of a single large sanitary napkin was found to be 3.18, 3.28 and 3.23 rupees for sanitary napkin developed from roselle, ramie, and a blend of roselle /ramie (50/50) while a single extra-large sanitary napkin was 3.60, 3.72 and 3.66 rupees for roselle sanitary napkin, ramie sanitary napkin and blend of roselle/ramie (50/50) sanitary napkin which was quite economic as compared to conventional sanitary napkins that are available in the market. Acceptability of the developed sanitary napkins was assessed and the respondents were asked to give a rating on the visual appeal and used product of developed sanitary napkins. The developed sanitary napkins were found excellent in overall visual appeal for both sizes viz. large and extra-large with WMS of 4.31 and 4.33. Respondent‘s opinions about used products were accepted as excellent with WMS of 4.33 and 4.39 for both large and extra-large sizes. 8ThesisItem Open Access Coating mulberry (Bombyx mori) silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles(2021) Gogoi, Saradi Jyotsna; Baruah, BulbulTextile industries in 21st century was experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in multiple fields of application. Nanotechnology overcomed the limitation of traditional process and technology by incorporating many functional properties such as fabric softness, durability, breathability, antimicrobial, water repellency, fire retardancy, ultra violet protection properties etc., to the textile world. It dealt with those properties of materials which could change incredibly when the particle size of the material had fall below approximately 100nm. Application of conventional method to the fibre, yarn or fabric would lose their function and comfort gradually while wearing or laundering. But imparting of nanotechnology to fibre, yarn or fabric would provide resistance to functional properties because, nano particles have large surface area to volume ratio and high surface energy. Coating of mulberry silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles would help in protecting skin as well as the mulberry silk fabric from the harmful UV rays. Further the life of fibroin coated mulberry silk might increase due to UV protection. Therefore, an attempt had been made to coat mulberry silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles from muga silk. The present research work was carried out on, ―Coating mulberry (Bombyx mori) silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles‖ With the following objectives: 1. To coat mulberry silk fabric with fibroin based muga nano particles. 2. To expose the fibroin coated mulberry silk fabric in UV light chamber. 3. To assess the properties of mulberry silk fabric before and after fibroin nano coating. Two sources for coating mulberry silk fabric namely fibroin from muga silk and zinc oxide were selected for the study. Synthesis of fibroin nanoparticles, coating method, fibroin concentration and zinc oxide concentration were optimized. During coating in all the processes material to liquor ratio (1:20) was kept constant. Coating method, fibroin concentration and zinc oxide concentration were optimized, based on the UPF value obtained from the test sample before and after coating. The coated mulberry silk fabric with fibroin and fibroin + zinc oxide indicated very good protection against UV radiation with UPF value 50.78 and 77.19, respectively. The other important properties of coated samples were also very satisfactory. The properties like tensile strength, air permeability, wicking height, stiffness, thickness, crease recovery angle of coated samples decreased due to coating, which was negligible. For example, the tensile strength of controlled sample was 22.28 kgf and 34.60 kgf in warp and weft respectively whereas only fibroin coated sample increased its strength 7.02% in warp direction and 15.58% in weft direction. But the fibroin + zinc oxide coated sample showed decreased strength in warp direction (13.20 kgf) and increased strength in weft direction (53.60 kgf). Air permeability was related to comfort property of fabric. In the present investigation air permeability of controlled sample is 0.102 KPaS/m where as fibroin coated fabric showed 0.094 KPaS/m and fibroin + zinc oxide coated fabric showed 0.073 KPaS/m. It could be confirmed that, these nano particles coating did not affect the comfort property of the fabric. Besides these, wash durability of coated fabric was also found to be good. Fibroin coated samples could resist UPF up to 10 washings and fibroin + zinc oxide coated silk fabric could resist UPF up to 15 washings. Hence, from the study it was found that, fibroin and fibroin + zinc oxide could be effectively used for coating mulberry silk fabric. It protected the mulberry silk fabric as well as our skin from the harmful ultraviolet radiation.ThesisItem Open Access ENZYMATIC EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF NON-CONVENTIONAL FIBER FROM BETEL NUT (ARECA CATECHU)(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Bora, Debangana Priya; Kalita, Binita B.The search for efficient and green oxidation technologies has increased to replace the conventional non-biological methods. In the present investigation an efforts have been made to treat the areca husk fiber with cellulose enzyme as a suitable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical processing for achieving desired softness in areca husk fiber. Enzymes treatment removed the protruding hairs on the surface, enhances the water absorbency and also makes the fiber more soften. Among the different existing enzymes, cellulase have been using intensively in textile industry due to their advantageous property. Cellulase enzymes have become an efficient tool for finishing. Moreover, this enzyme can be used to modify the surface properties of the fiber. Utilization of agro waste material is an important means to conserve the environment from dumping large quantity in to bare lands and it also helps in new innovative product development from low cost materials. In the present study, well matured areca nut husk were collected in large quantities and the fiber was extracted by water retting method. Extracted fibers were treated with two cellulase enzymes (acid cellulase and cellulase).The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of treated and untreated areca nut husk fiber were studied. The fiber shows good cellulase and hemicelluloses content and little amount of ash and wax content. The surface morphology is examined with the help of SEM at various magnifications. Fiber is found to be shorter in length and has good strength properties. Moisture and density of the fiber is also analyzed. After that both the enzyme treated and raw areca nut husk fiber processed for composite board preparation. The prepared composite boards were tested for various performance properties. It was found that after the enzyme treatment, physical properties such as moisture regain, fiber diameter, water absorbency, wicking height etc and mechanical properties viz., elongation, density and surface characteristics were improved as compared to untreated fiber. Moreover, enzyme treated fiber reinforced composite board also provide higher physical and mechanical property as compared to untreated fiber reinforced composite board. This can be concluded from the study that the prepared composite board made of areca husk fibers is suitable for interior use as well as furnishing products and sports equipment.ThesisItem Open Access AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON PROFILE OF HANDLOOMS OF JORHAT DISTRICT OF ASSAM(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Saikia, Milan; Kaur, SatvinderThe present investigation entitled “An empirical study on profile of Handlooms of Jorhat district of Assam” was conducted during the year 2019-2021 to study about Handlooms types, parts, accessories and their functions, technological changes in the Handlooms with following objectives: 1. To study the different types of Handlooms available in Jorhat District of Assam. 2. To explore the parts, accessories of handlooms and their functions. 3. To examine the recent technological changes occurred in the loom. Handloom weaving of Assam had a long tradition in the socio-economic life of the people in supplementing the family income to a great extent. It also gave self-employment opportunity to the rural people. It had significant role in the state economy next to the agriculture. The current research took place in Jorhat district of Assam. Jorhat has two sub-divisions i.e., Jorhat and Titabor, and both were selected for the study. Six development blocks from the two sub-divisions were selected for the present study. Two villages from each block and ten weavers from each of village were selected in order to collect primary information for the purpose of the study. An interview schedule was prepared consisting of five distinct parts i.e., the personal information of the respondent, the information of handlooms, parts and their function, accessories and their function of handloom and technological changes in handloom. Data was collected from the respondents with the help of this interview schedule through personal interview. Result showed that, highest percentage of the weavers were in the age group 35-44 years and no male member from all the twelve villages was found to be engaged in weaving activities. Majority of the respondents used throw shuttle pit loom followed by fly shuttle frame loom and 66.66% of the respondents used drawboy attachment and 5.00% of respondent used Jacquard attachment, but 28.33% respondents did not use any attachments. Frame material of loom for most of the respondent’s was bamboo. Hundred per cent of the respondents had the experience of working on the handloom and most of them had experienced from their teenage age. Most of the respondents did not improve their handloom but only a few improved their handloom. They, however, alter attachments, parts and accessories of Handloom when necessary.ThesisItem Open Access A Study on the Costumes of Meghalaya with special preferences to Jaintia tribes(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Sumer, Hosanna; Phukan, Ava RaniA Study on traditional costume of Meghalaya with special preference to the Jaintia Tribewas conducted for the present study. The current research took place in Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. There are two sub-division in jaintia hills district; west and east of jaintia. Both of this division where chosen purposely for the researches work. A random sampling as well as the multistage method had been adopted to conduct this study. For this study three main villages were selected from both the east and the west district. From the west district Jowai, Nartiang, and Mihmyntdu were selected and from the east Khliehriat, wapung, and Ladrymbai village were selected. From the selected villages of the west district 30 samples were selected from Jowai, 10 samples from Nartiang, and 10 samples from Mihmyntdu, and from the east district 30 samples were selected from Khliehriat,10 samples from Wapung and 10 samples from Ladrymbai, and the total of 100 samples ware selected. Selected respondents were asked to answer the questions given in the questionnaire. In this case three generation were selected for the study i.e. from the grand parent, parent, and children of both male and female. To get a clear interpretation of the picture of the costumes worn by both male and female of the three generation i.e., the grand parent, parent, and children. It was divided into six categories on the basis of their sex which is given below; 1. Grand parent Group I - (a) Grand father (b) Grand mother 2. Parent Group II – (a) Father (b) Mother 3. Children Group III- (a) Son (b) Daughter The traditional dresses of the Jaintia males are yuslien, ka kamasa, putoi, sulapoh, yuspong, thad tawah ryndia tlem, and dresses used by the females are yusem thoh khyrwang, sari, ki yusem dhara, ki yusem nara, ki yusem muka, blouse, ki yusem thoh saru, ki yusem ryndia, thad kup Merina. The changes in these traditional costumes of both male and female from one generation to another has been notice in this study. Through this study we have seen the people’s way of life and adaptation and the documentation of the costume used by them, their weaving and its speciality will be of a great help to the future generations to learn more about the Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya and their existences, and also for the purpose of preserving their culture and traditional costumes.ThesisItem Open Access REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL TEXTILE DYE EFFLUENT USING ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARED FROM AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Roy, Reena; Phukan, Ava RaniTextile dyeing industries are one of the most polluted industries which createlots of problems for environmental pollution. The textile dyeing industry produces in large amount of production and release of waste water effluent. In the present study, activated carbons were prepared from almond, coconut, mustard, rice bran and sesame oil cakes. The powdered oil cakes were treated with 5% NaCl for 12 hours in the rotary shaker followed by chemical activation with 1 N H3PO4, 2.5 N H2SO4 and 2.5 N H3PO4 for 24 hours. The pyrolysis was performed at 300˚C for 2 hours. The ball milling technique was applied to reduce the particle size of the activated carbon. The integrated activated carbons were used for the color removal for acid and metal complex dye effluent from the wool dyeing unit. For dye effluent treatment different concentrations of adsorbent viz.,0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% and time period 30, 60 and 90 minutes were taken respectively. The results showed that very small quantities (1.0 and 2.0%) of activated carbons were sufficient to remove around 92% color from the dye effluent. The particle size of the activated carbon was further reduced by ball milling in Pulverisette 6 for 1 hour.The characterization of activated carbon was synthesized such as FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, bulk density, porosity, ash content, moisture content, pH, zero point charge (pzc), iodine number, methylene blue, particle size analysis, COD and BOD respectively. The activated carbon characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the small pore size with higher surface area that indicates lower absorbency. FTIR analysis also revealed the presence of various types of functional groups during different activation temperatures. From EDX analysis, a negligible quantity of Na, K and S in 2.5 N H3PO4 almond activated carbons and in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond activated carbons there was a negligible quantity of Mg, Si, P and C and other elements were present.The X-ray diffraction pattern of the 2.5 N H2SO4 and2.5 N H3PO4 almondwere recorded at peak 25˚ and 29˚ respectively, and indicated the presence of amorphous structure of the activated carbon with the diffraction pattern of (002).In BET analysis; the surface area, pore radius and pore volume of 2.5 N H3PO4 was recorded as 16.14m2/g, 0.85nm and 0.029cc/g and in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond, it was 7 recorded 64.28m2/g, 0.72nm and 0.040cc/g respectively. Bulk density 4.533g/cm3, porosity 4.500%, ash content 0.176%, moisture contents 0.040%, methylene blue 123.667mg/g, pH 6.180, zero point charge 4.140pzc, particle size 310.333nm, iodine number 22.067m2/g of 2.5 N H3PO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon were recorded best compared to 1 N H3PO4 coconut (ball milling) and 2.5 N H3PO4 mustard (ball milling) activated carbon. The bulk density 5.233g/cm, porosity 3.633%, ash content 0.172%, moisture contents 0.071%, methylene blue 116.000mg/g, pH 6.973, zero point charge 6.460pzc, particle size 825.000nm, and iodine number 21.5333m2/g were also recorded best in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent compared to 2.5 N H3PO4 rice bran (ball milling) and 2.5 N H2SO4 sesame (ball milling) activated carbon. The good absorbency was recorded 0.107 at 2.0% concentration and 90 minutesof contact time in 2.5 N H3PO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon acid dye effluent compared to 1 N H3PO4 coconut (ball milling) and 2.5 N H3PO4 mustard (ball milling) activated carbon. The pH and TDS of the effluent were recorded 4.523 and 2668.66mg/L, concentration 2.0% in 60 minutes, which were found to be best among the 1 N H3PO4 coconut (ball milling) and 2.5 N H3PO4 mustard (ball milling) activated carbon in acid dye effluent. The good absorbency was recorded 0.153 concentration 1.0% and 90 minutes of contact time in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent compared to 2.5 N H3PO4 rice bran (ball milling) and 2.5 N H2SO4sesame (ball milling) activated carbon. The pH and TDS of the effluent were recorded best in5.233 and 2219.33mg/L, concentration 1.0% at 90 and 30 minutes respectively in 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent. Therefore, 2.5 N H3PO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon acid dye and 2.5 N H2SO4 almond (ball milling) activated carbon metal complex dye effluent proved to be an excellent oil cake for preparation of activated carbon in the textile dye industry and can be used as an alternative source for wastewater treatment. Keywords: Activated carbon, oil cake, wastewater effluent, FTIR, SEM, XRD, TDSThesisItem Open Access DESIGNING READY TO ATTACH YOKES FOR KURTIS USING KANTHA EMBROIDERY(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-01) Borah, Pompy Jilly; Kaur, SatvinderYokes are horizontal divisions within a garment which may be functional or decorative. They are usually small, flat panels of fabric at the shoulder, waist, or midriff. Embroidered decorative yokes look attractive and are very much popular. The present study deals with designing ready to attach yokes for kurtis using kantha embroidery stitches. Kantha is the traditional form of embroidery of West Bengal. Running style stitch is used to create various patterns and details for this embroidery. Kantha is an indigenous household craft popular among the rural women in West Bengal. The traditional form of this embroidery is done on soft dhotis and saris. For the present study materials were collected from Jorhat town. The selected material for yoke was one coloured plain weave fine casement fabric. Cotton lining fabric of the same colour was also selected. Black poplin material was selected for the bindings. Printed cotton fabric was selected for the kurtis. The investigator designed and embroidered 7 yokes using kantha embroidery. The yokes were finished with bias binding so that they were ready to be attached on kurtis. Seven constructed kurtis were displayed and views of college girls were taken with the help of an interview schedule. From the data collected it has been found that Design No. 4 was ranked 1st for style of the yoke and Design No. 2 was ranked 1st for the embroidery design and also for colour combination of embroidery design. However, when the overall final rank was calculated, Design No. 2 and 3 were ranked 1st, Design No. 4 was ranked 2nd, Design No. 1 was ranked 3rd, Design No. 5 and 7 were ranked 4th and Design No. 6 was ranked 5th.
