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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20171
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Subject: Poultry Science × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IDENTIFICATION OF LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES AS PROBIOTIC STRAIN FROM INDIGENOUS CHICKEN AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2017-01) Gonmei, Gaichamdinliu; Sapcota, D.
    The present study was aimed to isolate and identify Lactobacillus spp. from different segments of gastro intestinal tract of indigenous chicken of Assam of different age group i.e. chick, grower and adult followed by the screening of isolates for its probiotic potency tests. Initially, a total of eighty isolates were harvested from crop, proventriculus, jejunum, ileum and caecum, out of which thirty one Lactobacillus isolates were characterized through morphological (colony morphology and Gram staining) and biochemical (catalase and sugar fermentation tests) tests. From among the thirty one isolates, five promising Lactobacillus were selected for further screening of probiotic properties. For judging the efficacy of Lactobacillus as probiotic candidate, screening was carried out through various in-vitro probiotic quality assessment tests like aggregation test, resistance to bile salts and acidic conditions, enzymatic test (protease test), cell surface hydrophobicity, co-aggregation test and antagonistic test. From among five isolates, two displayed high aggregation within first 15 to 30 min. upon keeping for 2 hrs. In the acid tolerance test, four isolates were found to be resistant to pH 3. The ox bile of 0.15 and 0.3 % concentration supported growth of all isolates which indicates that Lactobacillus isolates can tolerate up to 0.3 % bile salt. In enzymatic activity, all isolates showed almost similar protease activity. Cell surface hydrophobicity ranged from 47.60±1.34 % to 88.00±1.65 % indicating high hydrophobicity and the ability of isolates to adhere to mucus membrane. Co-aggregation between Lactobacillus isolates and E coli was observed indicating adhesion ability of Lactobacillus isolates with pathogenic bacteria. Antagonistic activity tested against E coli through well diffusion assay indicated the inhibitory property of Lactobacillus isolates. Based on the results, the isolates which scored highest points i.e., ACE5 and AJ3 were subjected to partial 16S rRNA sequencing and BLAST analysis to identify them at species level and found 99.72 % genetic identity with Lactobacillus reuteri for both the isolates. The isolate is registered as L. reuteri PIA16 with the accession no. KX260961under NCBI. Then, the two isolated L. reuteri were put into in vivo growth bioassay treating as two individual entities as their site of isolation differed. 20 % of daily ration for broilers (starter and finisher) was fermented with 20 % of broth culture having L. reuteri 108 cfu/ml. Five treatment groups were provided with different dietary treatments i.e., T1-basal diet (Control), T2- basal diet + 1.85×108 cfu of L. reuteri (ACE5)/ gm fermented feed,T3- basal diet + 1.89×108 cfu of L. reuteri (AJ3)/ gm fermented feed, T4-1.85×108 cfu of L. reuteri (ACE5)/gm fermented feed+ Mannan oligosaccharide(MOS) @ 0.25 % and T5-1.89x108 cfu of L. reuteri (AJ3)/gm fermented feed+MOS @ 0.25 % of feed. Through feeding trial, parameters like body weight change, body weight gain, FCR, feed consumption, carcass characteristics, immunity (cell mediated and humoral) were studied. Effect of dietary supplements on carcass traits, livability and economics were also studied. The L. reuteri PIA16 at 108 cfu dose improved body weight gain, feed consumption and FCR in broiler chickens. The beneficial effect was further improved when supplemented along with prebiotic, MOS. Dietary L. reuteri PIA16 along with MOS showed better carcass traits on the basis of organ weights and cut-up parts and also found to enhance humoral and cell mediated immunity. The Broiler Performance Efficiency Index (BPEI) increased from 14.87 to 15.58 per cent in L. reuteri PIA16 alone fed groups and from 25.44 to 30.13 per cent in L. reuteri PIA16 groups supplemented with prebiotic when compared to control counterpart. The cost of production was higher in all the broiler chickens fed with dietary L. reuteri PIA16 in comparison to control group which was due to higher body weight. However, despite the higher production cost, the gross profit was increased by 0.56 to 0.78 per cent in both the Lactobacillus reuteri PIA16 alone fed groups whereas, in the Lactobacillus reuteri PIA16 with prebiotics fed groups, the profit increased from 1.29 to 1.50 per cent as compared to control counterpart. Furthermore, the study revealed that the two identified L. reuteri strains isolated from different parts of the GIT (caecum and jejunum) was found to be non-site specific. It may be concluded that isolated L. reuteri PIA16 from indigenous chicken of Assam has positive effect on growth, FCR, carcass yields and immunity and proves to be a potential probiotic agent.