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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20171
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Subject: Animal Biochemistry × Author: THAKURIA, PURABI × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2015 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON OXIDATIVE STATUS, RUMEN ENZYMES AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF GOAT
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2017-07) THAKURIA, PURABI; Nath, Rita
    In this study, three medicinal plants viz. Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit), Carica papaya (Papaya) and Terminalia bellerica (Bhumura) were investigated for the presence of phytochemicals and their effect on the rumen enzymes, oxidative status and blood biochemical profile was evaluated. The preliminary phytochemical screening of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Carica papaya and Terminalia bellerica revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as tannin, saponin, flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, glycosides and protein in methanolic extract. Quantitative analysis revealed that the highest concentration of tannin (%) was found in C. papaya (0.638 ± 0.05) followed by T. bellerica (0.562 ± 0.09) and A. heterophyllus (0.253 ± 0.06). However, the flavonoid concentration (mg QE/g) was highest in T. bellerica (0.825 ± 0.001). But there was no significant (P<0.01) difference in saponin concentration among all the three plant leaves and the highest concentration of saponin (mg/100g) was found in T. bellerica (2.67 ± 0.07). The antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl hydrates) radical scavenging activity was highest in A. heterophyllus (70.23 ± 0.0.50 %) followed by C. papaya (65.57 ± 0.27 %), T. bellerica (62.70 ± 0.06 %) and Vitamin C (27.04 ± 0.01 %) respectively at concentration of 110 µg/ml. Similarly, in superoxide radical scavenging activity A. heterophyllus showed highest radical scavenging activity (83.35 ± 0.09 %) followed by C. papaya (81.08 ± 0.04 %), T. bellerica (75.36 ± 0.14 %) and vitamin C (14.50 ± 0.05 %) at concentration of 110 µg/ ml. Reductive ability was highest in A. heterophyllus (0.137 ± 0.001) compared to standard Vitamin C (0.134 ± 0.001) respectively at concentration of 110 µg/ml. On the otherhand, the highest nitric oxide free radical scavenging activity (%) was recorded in vitamin C (56.16 ± 0.03) followed by T. bellerica (40.43 ± 0.12), A. heterophyllus (36.05 ± 0.57) and C. papaya (26.01 ± 0.23). The highest concentration of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (%) was found in C. papaya (76.64 ± 1.11) followed by T. bellerica (83 ± 0.08) and A. heterophyllus (70.36 ± 0.17) when compared with vitamin C (13.12 ± 0.01) at 110 µg/ml concentration. The vitamin C content was highest in C. papaya (39.71 ± 0.24 mg/100g). In the present study, eighteen (18) Assam Hill (local) goats of 3-4 months of age were procured and reared in the Experimental Animal Shed, Department of Veterinary Physiology, C.V.Sc., AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22. The animals were divided into three groups. One as control, receiving substrate ration, T1 with plant leaves @ 5% level and T2 @ 10% level of total mixed ration (TMR). The duration of the experiment was 90 days. Rumen liquor analysis revealed that out of the three rumen fibrolytic enzymes, Carboxymethylcellulase showed better enzyme activity in T2 group. The blood glucose level (mg/dl) was within the normal physiological range but apparently decreased in T1 and T2 groups indicating hypoglycemic effect of the plant leaves. The serum total protein level (g/dl) was also within the normal range and the level was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T2 group. The level of blood creatinine (mg/dl) increased significantly (p<0.01) in 0 to 90 days from 1.02 ± 0.08 to 1.80 ± 0.08 in all the experimental groups of animals but the observed values were within the normal range. The values recorded for blood urea nitrogen concentration (mg/dl) in all the groups of animal during different days of experiment were found to be apparently higher but analysis of variance revealed no significant differences during the respective days of experiment. The ALT and AST values (U/L) were found to be apparently higher but the values differed non-significantly amongst all groups during the respective days of experiment and the values were within the normal range indicating no harmful effect of the plant leaves on liver. The values recorded for GGT (U/L) in the present experiment were apparently decreased from 37.10 ± 1.35 to 35.91 ± 1.07 in 0 to 90 days but analysis of variance revealed no significant differences during the respective days of experiment. The overall mean value of GGT in T2 group was insignificantly lower than the values recorded in T1 group which indicated normal hepatic condition of the animal. The serum calcium concentration (mg/dl) recorded during 0 to 90 days of experiment in all the groups of goat increased significantly (p<0.01) from 9.17 ± 0.16 to 11.73 ± 0.15. An increase level of phosphorus (mg/dl) was also recorded in T2 group. The serum sodium concentration (mEq/L) was also within the normal physiological range and no significant differences were observed between the respective days of experiment in both T1 and T2 group. The observed value of serum potassium (mEq/L) increased significantly (p<0.01) from 0 to 90 days of experiment in control, T1 and T2 groups. The iron value ((μg/dl)) recorded in the present experiment increased apparently from 0 to 90 days and insignificantly higher values were observed in T2 group (173.69 ± 1.95 μg/dl) as compared to T1 and control groups. The average body weight (kg per animal) recorded in the present experiment showed significant trend (P<0.01) from 0 to 90 days of experiment. The blood malondialdehyde values (μmol/L) in control group increased significantly (P<0.01) from 0.60 ± 0.06 to 0.80 ± 0.02 in 0 to 90 days of experiment but in T1 and T2 groups, blood MDA value decreased significantly (P<0.01) from 0 to 90 days of experiment. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences during different days of experiment and also amongst the experimental groups of the animal in respect of blood super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) concentration. The levels of vitamin C (μg/ml) were apparently higher from 0 to 90 days of experiment but analysis of variance revealed no significant differences. From this study, it can be concluded that three medicinal plants viz., A. heterophyllus, C. papaya, T. bellerica are rich source of phytochemicals with good antioxidant properties and do not have any harmful effect on normal functioning of the rumen, liver and kidney. Thus, the plant leaves can be incorporated in the diet up to 10% of the total mixed ration.