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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20151
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Subject: Animal Biochemistry × Author: DEKA, SURAKSHA SUBEDI ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF WHOLE OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN OF Salmonella Typhimurium ADJUVANTED WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE NANOPARTICLES AS VACCINE CANDIDATE AGAINST SALMONELLOSIS IN CHICKEN
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2015-06) DEKA, SURAKSHA SUBEDI; Sarma, Satya
    Salmonella sp can infect a broad array of animals, causing diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to life threatening systemic infections. Substantial economic loss is manifested through mortality and poor growth of infected birds. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is the most frequently isolated serovar causing global food-borne outbreaks and chicken alone accounts for 10.4% of the total isolates. The control of salmonellosis can be accomplished either by vaccination or medication. Antibiotic resistance and issue of antibiotic residue is a major hurdle in medication. Thus control through immunization is the most efficient and economic method. The present study was conducted to study the efficacy of whole outer membrane protein adjuvanted with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CAP-OMP) as vaccine candidate against salmonellosis in chicken. The study was carried out in Kamrupa birds which are dual purpose breed. The OMP was extracted from Salmonella Typhimurium (MTCC - 98) strain and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. CAP-OMP vaccine was then synthesized by method that is based on co-precipitation of calcium phosphate and OMP. The amount of protein entrapped in the complex was determined and the formulation was used to immunise the chicks on 14th day of life followed by booster dose after two weeks. The humoral immune response of the target vaccine was compared with aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted OMP and unadjuvanted OMP by indirect ELISA. Blood was collected from all the birds at 0 before vaccination and days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 45 and 60 after booster vaccination. Some of the birds from each group were challenged on 60th day with either S. Typhimurium or with S. Gallinarum. The humoral response of the unchallenged birds was studied from 60th to 90th day. The CAP-OMP vaccine was able to elicit significantly higher antibody titres compared to other two groups up to 60th day post booster vaccination. However antibody titre level fell thereafter in all the groups. Mortality was not observed in any of the challenged birds but some clinical symptoms were exhibited by the control group. The challenged birds were slaughtered after one week and total CFU of either S. Typhimurium or S. Gallinarum per gram of liver was determined. It was observed that none of the vaccines gave total protection against challenge organisms but the Salmonella isolates recovered from the birds immunized with target vaccine was significantly lower than that of control group. The other two formulations viz; aluminium hydroxide –OMP vaccine and unadjuvanted OMP vaccine also decreased the bacterial count in liver tissue. Some important serum biochemical parameters were also studied from the vaccinated birds and it was found that the total protein and globulin content was significantly higher in CAP-OMP vaccinated group than the control groups. Creatine kinase level was significantly higher during first 21 days post booster vaccination birds given Aluminium hydroxide -OMP indicating some tissue damage at the site of injection caused by Aluminium hydroxide. Other parameters like alkaline phosphatase and creatinine showed non-significant fluctuations throughout the experiment. From this study, it can be concluded that CAP-OMP (S.Typhimurium) vaccine can be an effective vaccine candidate against salmonellosis.