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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20212
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Dambale, Ashok Sambhaji ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF POTASSIUM IN ORGANIC BLACK RICE UNDER SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
    (2021) Dambale, Ashok Sambhaji; Goswami, J.
    A field experiment entitled “Management of potassium in organic black rice under system of rice intensification” was conducted at the organic block, Instructionalcum- Research Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during kharif seasons, 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of different organic inputs on growth, yield, quality and economics of organic black rice along with cumulative effects on soil health under the system of rice intensification (SRI).The experiment consisted of twelve different treatments viz.,Control (T1), Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1 as root dip treatment (T2), RDK through azolla incorporation (T3), RDK through water hyacinth incorporation (T4), RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost (T5), RDK through azolla incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T6), RDK through water hyacinth incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T7), RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T8), RDK through azolla incorporation + Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1 as rood dip treatment (T9), RDK through water hyacinth incorporation + Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1 (T10), RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1(T11), Indigenous traditional knowledge (T12). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture with pH 5.28, organic carbon (0.72 %), CEC {6.58c mole (p+)/ kg}, low in available nitrogen (246.45 kg ha-1) and available P2O 5 (21.02 kg ha-1) but medium in available K2O (144.80 kg ha-1). The total rainfall received during the crop season was 928.2 mm with 43 rainy days in 2019 and 1272.10 mm with 69 rainy days in 2020. The mean maximum and minimum temperature during the whole crop growing period ranged from 30.6 to 21.3°C during 2019 and 32.09 to 24.28 °C during 2020, respectively. The growth, yield attributes and yield of organic black rice was significantly influenced by different K management practices. Among the different growth parameters viz., leaf area index, no. of leaves, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root: shoot ratio, root length, root volume, no. of tillers and dry matter accumulation except plant height at different stages were observed to be significantly higher with the application of RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 i.e. treatment T8, while the lowest values were recorded under the control treatment T1.In case of yield and yield attributing characters like, no. of panicles m-2 , panicle length, panicle weight, no. of filled and unfilled grains and test weight were found to be superior in respect of almost all the studied parameters under the treatment T8. The highest no. of panicles (m-2) 294.10, 305.20, panicle length 27.49 (cm), 28.87 (cm), panicle weight 4.87 (g), 4.89 (g), no. of filled grains panicle-1 pooled 214.53, no. of unfilled grains panicle-1 pooled 26.73 and test weight 24.48 (g) 24.56 (g), respectively during 2019 and 2020 were also found highest with treatment T8. The highest pooled grain (24.52 q ha-1), straw (46.07 q ha-1) and biological yield (70.59 q ha-1) were registered with the treatment T8 i.e. RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1. The quality parameters of black rice were also significantly influenced by different K management practices. The quality parameter includes length and breadth of kernel, L/B ratio, protein content and milling qualities. The maximum quality parameters were found highest under treatment T8 (RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost along with 20 kg of mustard oil cake) followed by T6 (RDK through azolla incorporation along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) except protein content where as highest protein content (7.96 during 2019 and 7.98 % during 2020) was found under treatment T6 (RDK through azolla incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) followed by T9 (RDK through azolla incorporation along with Potash solubilizing bacteria @ 3.5 kg ha-1). The N, P and K contents and total uptake by grain and straw were significantly influenced by different K management practices. The highest uptake of N (65.74 kg ha1) was found in T6, P (11.4 kg ha-1) and K (39.56 kg ha-1) were found in T8 respectively. The influence of different organic inputs on available N, P2O5 and K2O in soil after harvesting was found significant. The highest pooled value of available N was recorded with T6 treatment i.e. RDK through azolla incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1and in case of P2O5 and K2O the highest pooled values recorded under T8 treatment i.e. 43.07 kg ha-1, 159.86 kg ha-1 respectively. The soil biological properties and enzymatic activities of black rice cultivated soil were significantly influenced by different organic inputs. The higher values of soil microbial biomass carbon (642.77 μg/g dry soil during 2019 and 687.44 μg/g dry soil during 2020, Bacteria population (7.12 log cfu/g soil during 2019 and 7.18log cfu/g soil during 2020, fungal population (4.86 log cfu/g soil during 2019 and 4.89 log cfu/g soil during 2020 , dehydrogenase activity (67.19 μg TPF/g/day during 2019 and 69.52 μg TPF/g/day during 2020) and Phosphomonoesterase activity (78.61(μg PNP/g/hr 2019 and 79.48 μg PNP/g/hr during 2020 were reported with application of RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T8) followed by application of RDK through azolla incorporation along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T6). In the present investigation, the gross monetary return (`.127136), net monetary return (`.79136) and B:C ratio (2.65) were found to be highest under T8 treatment i.e. RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 and the lowest were recorded under T1 treatment. Based on the findings of two years study on management of potassium in organic black rice under system of rice intensification, it may be concluded that among all treatments T8 (RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) was found best closely followed by treatment T6 (RDK through azolla incorporation along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) with respect to reap good economic yield with better quality, sustain the soil health and high net return and were found beneficial as potash source to substitute recommended dose of potassium in organic cultivation of black rice under agro-ecological situation of Assam.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF POTASSIUM IN ORGANIC BLACK RICE UNDER SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
    (AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Dambale, Ashok Sambhaji; Goswami, J
    A field experiment entitled “Management of potassium in organic black rice under system of rice intensification” was conducted at the organic block, Instructionalcum- Research Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during kharif seasons, 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of different organic inputs on growth, yield, quality and economics of organic black rice along with cumulative effects on soil health under the system of rice intensification (SRI).The experiment consisted of twelve different treatments viz.,Control (T1), Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1 as root dip treatment (T2), RDK through azolla incorporation (T3), RDK through water hyacinth incorporation (T4), RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost (T5), RDK through azolla incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T6), RDK through water hyacinth incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T7), RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T8), RDK through azolla incorporation + Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1 as rood dip treatment (T9), RDK through water hyacinth incorporation + Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1 (T10), RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + Potash solubilizing bacteria (KSB) @ 3.5 kg ha-1(T11), Indigenous traditional knowledge (T12). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture with pH 5.28, organic carbon (0.72 %), CEC {6.58c mole (p+)/ kg}, low in available nitrogen (246.45 kg ha-1) and available P2O 5 (21.02 kg ha-1) but medium in available K2O (144.80 kg ha-1). The total rainfall received during the crop season was 928.2 mm with 43 rainy days in 2019 and 1272.10 mm with 69 rainy days in 2020. The mean maximum and minimum temperature during the whole crop growing period ranged from 30.6 to 21.3°C during 2019 and 32.09 to 24.28 °C during 2020, respectively. The growth, yield attributes and yield of organic black rice was significantly influenced by different K management practices. Among the different growth parameters viz., leaf area index, no. of leaves, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root: shoot ratio, root length, root volume, no. of tillers and dry matter accumulation except plant height at different stages were observed to be significantly higher with the application of RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 i.e. treatment T8, while the lowest values were recorded under the control treatment T1.In case of yield and yield attributing characters like, no. of panicles m-2 , panicle length, panicle weight, no. of filled and unfilled grains and test weight were found to be superior in respect of almost all the studied parameters under the treatment T8. The highest no. of panicles (m-2) 294.10, 305.20, panicle length 27.49 (cm), 28.87 (cm), panicle weight 4.87 (g), 4.89 (g), no. of filled grains panicle-1 pooled 214.53, no. of unfilled grains panicle-1 pooled 26.73 and test weight 24.48 (g) 24.56 (g), respectively during 2019 and 2020 were also found highest with treatment T8. The highest pooled grain (24.52 q ha-1), straw (46.07 q ha-1) and biological yield (70.59 q ha-1) were registered with the treatment T8 i.e. RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1. The quality parameters of black rice were also significantly influenced by different K management practices. The quality parameter includes length and breadth of kernel, L/B ratio, protein content and milling qualities. The maximum quality parameters were found highest under treatment T8 (RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost along with 20 kg of mustard oil cake) followed by T6 (RDK through azolla incorporation along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) except protein content where as highest protein content (7.96 during 2019 and 7.98 % during 2020) was found under treatment T6 (RDK through azolla incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) followed by T9 (RDK through azolla incorporation along with Potash solubilizing bacteria @ 3.5 kg ha-1). The N, P and K contents and total uptake by grain and straw were significantly influenced by different K management practices. The highest uptake of N (65.74 kg ha1) was found in T6, P (11.4 kg ha-1) and K (39.56 kg ha-1) were found in T8 respectively. The influence of different organic inputs on available N, P2O5 and K2O in soil after harvesting was found significant. The highest pooled value of available N was recorded with T6 treatment i.e. RDK through azolla incorporation + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1and in case of P2O5 and K2O the highest pooled values recorded under T8 treatment i.e. 43.07 kg ha-1, 159.86 kg ha-1 respectively. The soil biological properties and enzymatic activities of black rice cultivated soil were significantly influenced by different organic inputs. The higher values of soil microbial biomass carbon (642.77 μg/g dry soil during 2019 and 687.44 μg/g dry soil during 2020, Bacteria population (7.12 log cfu/g soil during 2019 and 7.18log cfu/g soil during 2020, fungal population (4.86 log cfu/g soil during 2019 and 4.89 log cfu/g soil during 2020 , dehydrogenase activity (67.19 μg TPF/g/day during 2019 and 69.52 μg TPF/g/day during 2020) and Phosphomonoesterase activity (78.61(μg PNP/g/hr 2019 and 79.48 μg PNP/g/hr during 2020 were reported with application of RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T8) followed by application of RDK through azolla incorporation along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 (T6). In the present investigation, the gross monetary return (`.127136), net monetary return (`.79136) and B:C ratio (2.65) were found to be highest under T8 treatment i.e. RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1 and the lowest were recorded under T1 treatment. Based on the findings of two years study on management of potassium in organic black rice under system of rice intensification, it may be concluded that among all treatments T8 (RDK through banana pseudo stem vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) was found best closely followed by treatment T6 (RDK through azolla incorporation along with mustard oil cake @ 20 kg ha-1) with respect to reap good economic yield with better quality, sustain the soil health and high net return and were found beneficial as potash source to substitute recommended dose of potassium in organic cultivation of black rice under agro-ecological situation of Assam.