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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola

Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme. The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered. The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers. In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.

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20191
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Subject: Dairy Technology × Author: SHEGOKAR, SANJAY RAJARAM × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF NEEM (Azadirachtaindica) LEAF AND GINGER (Zingiberofficinale) POWDERS ON PERFORMANCE OF GIRIRAJA POULTRY BIRDS.
    (Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-12-21) SHEGOKAR, SANJAY RAJARAM; Chavan, Dr. S. D.
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of supplementation of Neem (Azadirachtaindica) leaf and Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) powders on performance of Giriraja poultry birds” was carried out at Poultry Unit , Department of Poultry Science , PGIVAS, MAFSU, Akola under Department of A.H. & D.S., Dr. P.D.K.V, Akola to evaluate the effect of supplementation of Neem leaf and Ginger powder in the diet of Giriraja poultry birds. The chemical compositions of NLP determine were 87.21, 19.30, 17.55, 3.80, 11.24, 48.11 and Ginger powder 89.62, 12.30, 15.42, 2.80, 4.70, 64.78 per cent DM for DM, CP, CF, EE, Ash and NFE, respectively. The feed consumption recorded in treatment groups were significantly lower by 2.74 to 10.80 % in treatment group than that T1 (control) group. The feed intake of T9 group was significantly lower by 7.83 % as compared to (T2 to T8). The feed intake at 7th week recorded were 731.93, 712.37, 712.30, 701.50, 702.50, 695.43, 688.83, 682.22 and 660.60 g/bird under treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9, respectively. The results on cumulative feed consumption (CFCR) of Giriraja birds for NLP appeared comparatively better over GP herbal growth promoter and can be looked upon as second option to achieve the CFCR to control group. The CFCR at 7th week recorded were 2809.93, 2733.11, 2735.42, 2678.97, 2690.94, 2698.87, 2659.41, 2677.95 and 2594.26 g/bird for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9, respectively. In concern regarding live body weights (LBW) at 7th week noticed were 879.60, 975.11, 1048.12, 1031.90, 1061.58, 1158.36, 1121.96, 12.09.30 and 1358.83 g / bird T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9, respectively. These findings indicates that , 1% NLP + 1.5 % GP can serve as effective replacement for chemical based growth promoters. The present results regarding LBWG at 7th week were 208.92, 219.75, 255.78, 222.02, 203.93, 236.46, 267.17, 258.93 and 317.53 g / bird. This indicates that the birds with sole supplementation of NLP (T2 - T3) and GP (T4 – T5) had significantly lower gain in body weight of birds than birds maintained on combination treatments NLP + GP ( T6 to T9). With regard to cumulative body weight gain (CBWG) recorded were 839.97, 935.31, 1008.28, 992.09, 1021.81, 1048.34, 1081.93, 1169.31 and 1319.04 g/bird. This indicates that highest gain of body weight was higher in (T9) by 12.80, 21.91 and 25.82 % over that of T8, T7 and T6, respectively. In reference to sole feeding of NLP and GP significantly lowest value (2.81) was noticed in 1% NLP (T3) group as compared to T2 (3.25), T4(3.27) and T5(3.53) groups. However the FCR differences between T2 and T4 were at par and the FCR value of T5 was at par with T1 control group. Moreover, the FCR values of NLP and GP single dose supplementation were lower than that of T1 control value. However, the cumulative feed efficiency values noted on sole feeding of NLP or GP were significantly higher than the values observed on feeding their mixtures in diet. The best feed efficiency of 1.97 (lower value of birds) was obtained by offering 1% NLP+1.5 % GP (T9) in diet followed by 1% NLP +1% GP (T8) and 0.5 % NLP + 1.5% GP (T7). Moreover, the CFCR values of T8 and T7 were significantly more than that of T9 values. In other words the feed efficiency of T9 birds was better (51%) against the efficiency of 30, 37, 38, 41 and 44% under T1, T2, T3, T5, T7 and T8 birds, respectively. The mortality of Giriraja birds was zero percent during the experimental period of seven weeks. With regard to the dressing percentage of bird’s the effect on supply of NLP + GP mixtures in the diet indicted that addition of mixture in the diet appeared effective to convert the feed into meat. The provision of 1% NLP + 1.5 % GP level(T9) was significantly proved better to raise the dressing percentage to the level of 75.52% over that of their addition at lower level as dressing percentages were 71.59, 72.13 & 72.88% in T6, T7 & T8. Moreover the differences in dressing percentages between T6, T7 & T8 were non-significant. Besides this the dressing percentage of T9 group was significantly higher over sole feeding of NLP (T2 - T3) and GP (T4 - T5). The deposition of abdominal fat pad reduced non-significantly with the addition of sole NLP as compared to control group. The values being 3.18, 2.79 and 2.84 per cent body weight under control (T1 ), 0.5% NLP (T2) and 1% NLP (T3) in the diet of the birds, respectively. On the other hand the sole addition of GP reduced significantly abdominal fat pad in birds in relation to control values being 2.07 and 1.72% body weight in 1% GP (T4) and 1.5% GP in (T5), respectively. The reduction was from 3.18 to 0.99 per cent body weight in T1 to 1 % NLP + 1.5 % GP (T9). The corresponding weight of the abdominal fat was 28.67 g and 12.00 g, respectively. The relative body weight percentage of heart was significantly more (0.51) in 1.5% GP sole supply in diet over that of control group 0.36 (T1) and sole NLP 0.40 to 0.41% (T2 - T3) feeding in diet. Moreover significantly higher liver development was noticed on feeding 1% NLP + 1.5 % GP, T9 in reference to sole NLP, GP and their mixture at low level. The relative percentage of liver were 2.03, 2.38, 2.14, 2.58, 2.76, 2.97, 2.57, 2.34, 3.15 in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, & T9 birds, respectively. More or less same trend was observed in respect of Gizzard development in birds where significantly more development in T9 (56.33 g or 4.67% BW) in comparison to control T1 (25.67 g or 2.80 % BW) and other treatment groups (26.67 to 32.67 g or 2.68 to 3.18 % BW).In respect of thigh cut part it is observed that the yield of thigh region was significantly more on account of feeding sole NLP in the diet as compare to control, the values being 85.33, 103.33 & 95.00 g/bird in T1, T2 & T3 respectively. The Hb value in experimental birds provided with sole NLP at 0.5 %NLP (T2) and 1% NLP (T3) level as well as sole 1% GP (T4) and 1.5% GP (T5) did not differ significantly from that of control. The Hb value were 9.57% in T1 (control) and 9.75, 10.06, 9.89 & 9.73 % in T2, T3 T4, T5 treatment respectively. Similarly Hbcontent in combination groups were 9.89, 10.05 & 10.24 percent in (0.5% NLP + 1% GP (T6), 0.5% NLP + 1.5 GP (T7) and 1% NLP + 1% GP (T8) respectively which exhibited numerical increase in Hb % over that of control group but did not differ significantly from that of control value (T1) Thus, the results on selected hematological profile of Giriraja birds with the provision of herbal growth promoters clearly postulated that feeding of sole NLP or GP and their combinations at different levels did not influence adversely on health of birds. On the contrary, there was improvement in Hb, RBC, WBC, PCV values in birds with incorporation of 1% NLP + 1.5% GP in diet. Hence, this combination would be advantageous for improving hematological status of the birds. Thus the overall results on biochemical parameters do indicate that, incorporation of sole NLP, GP and their mixtures at different levels in diet did not influence adversely on health status of birds as evident from the different biochemical characters. Moreover, the values of different biochemical characters were within the prescribed normal range. On the contrary the inclusion of herbal growth promoters (NLP and GP) helped to increase serum total protein, glucose and HDL values while albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL values showed decrease from that of un-supplemented group. However, the supplementation of 1% NLP + 1.5 % GP mixture as compared to sole inclusion of NLP or GP in diet had remarkable influence on magnitude of increase / decrease of biochemical traits in blood of birds. Perhaps, the favorable effect of bioactive compounds of NLP and Ginger together might be the reason to increase the intensity of influence on biochemical parameters in birds. Meat quality was evaluated with 9 point hedonic scale. The result indicate that, supplementation of 1% NLP + 1.5% GP (T9) obtained significantly highest score between 7.6 to 7.9 out of 9 point scale for overall acceptability of meat than that of other treatment indicating that meat of T9 was moderately good i.e. (Like moderately) on the other hand the overall acceptability score for single dosesupplementation of NLP0.5% (T2) and 1% (T3) in diet was between 5.9 to 6.7, indicating the meat was just good i.e. (slightly liked). The cost of feed in T2 to T9 increased against T1 with the level of additive of NLP and GP powders. The increase was to the tune to 3.74, 11.42 and 13.46% in sole addition of NLP, GP and their mixture in diet over that of T1 cost (Rs, 29.40). This had its reflection on feed cost consumed / bird, being Rs. 82.58 in T1 and Rs. 81.85, 83.41, 84.76, 88.12 and 88.64 to 87.83 in T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, to T9groups, respectively. As a result the margin of profit was Rs. 39.15 in T2 and Rs, 52.19 in T3 on sole NLP feeding, Rs. 47.64 in T4 and Rs. 50.08 in T5 on sole GP feeding against Rs.19.22 in T1. Highest margin of profit Rs. 109 with C : B ratio of 1.68 was noticed on feeding 1% NLP + 1.5% GP (T9) mixture diet, It is concluded that, the aim of feeding herbal growth promoter is to reduce high accumulation of fat in carcass measured interms of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL level as well as abdominal fat pad. Considering these views incorporation of 1% NLP + 1.5 % GP mixture in diet achieved this aim in respect of live body weight, dressing percentage, cost of feeding and net profit on rearing of Giriraja poultry birds under intensive system without any deleterious effect on body weight gain.