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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nutrient management through biomanuring on morpho-qualitative traits and productivity of turmeric.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2017-01-23) DAREKAR, NILIMA KISHOR.; Paslawar, Dr. A. N.A field experiment entitled “Effect of nutrient management through bio-manuring on morpho-qualitative traits and productivity of turmeric” was conducted at Certified Organic Farm, Centre of Organic Agriculture Research and Training (COART), Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The soil of experimental site was clayey in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction, medium in organic carbon content, low in available nitrogen and phosphorous while very high in exchangeable potassium. The both year of experiment was same site and location. The turmeric plantation on broad bed furrow by using pair row system in which spacing of turmeric was kept as 30 cm with 30 cm. The promising turmeric variety PDKV waigaon was used for experimentation. The specific objective of the study was to investigate the best nutrient management through biomanuring combination for productivity and quality of turmeric. Said experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice with nine treatments consisting of nutrient management through biomanuring which equates with RDF levels of turmeric through various organic sources in combination viz., T1 – Absolute Control, T2 – 25% Neemcake + 25% Cowdung slurry + Biofertilizers, T3 – 25% Vermicompost + 25% Biogas slurry + Green manure at 60 DAS, T4- 25% Vermicompost + 25% Jeevamrut + Biofertilizers + Green manure at 60DAS, T5 – 25% Vermicompost + 25% Neemcake + 25% Biogas slurry, T6 – 25% Vermicompost + 25% Neemcake + 25% Jeevamrut, T7 – 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers, T8 – 50% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Biofertilizers and T9 - 100% Vermicompost. The both year experimentation results revealed that, application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers which equated with 100% RDF registered significantly the highest growth attributes such as plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), number of tillers, chlorophyll index and leaf dry matter (g) of turmeric than other treatments of nutrient management through bio-manuring and being parallel with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Biofertilizers and 100% Vermicompost which equated with 100% RDF. Through both year of experiment and in pooled data analysis, yield attributes such as number, length (cm), girth (cm) and weight (g) of mother rhizome, primary rhizome and secondary rhizome recorded significantly highest with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers than other treatments of nutrient management through bio-manuring and being corresponding with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Biofertilizers and 100% Vermicompost. Also, in both year of experiment and in pooled data analysis the yield attributes such as weight of tertiary rhizome (g), total weight of rhizome (g) per plant and dry matter (g) per plant recorded significantly highest with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers than other treatments of nutrient management through bio-manuring and comparable with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Biofertilizers and 100% Vermicompost. The fresh rhizome yield (q ha-1) and dry rhizome yield (q ha-1) found significantly maximum with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers than other treatments of nutrient management through bio-manuring and at par with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% FYM + Biofertilizers and 100% Vermicompost during both year of experiment and in pooled data also. The quality attributes such as curcumin content (%), oleoresin content (%) and essential oil content (%) of turmeric differences among the various combination of nutrient management found to be significant. The combined application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers recorded significantly higher soil biological and microbial activity than other application of biomanuring. The significant increase in organic carbon recorded with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers. The available macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) found to be significant among the different practices of nutrient management through biomanuring. The physical properties of soil in turmeric field such as bulk density, particle density, porosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity found to be non-significant during the both year of experiment. However, improvement observed over initial status due to practices of application of biomanures. The uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) by turmeric rhizome and plant recorded higher with combined application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers and found significantly superior than other treatments of nutrient management through bio-manuring. The treatment with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers recorded highest gross monetary return, net monetary return and B: C ratio and found superior over other treatments of nutrient management through biomanuring. The energy parameters in turmeric were improved with application of nutrient management through biomanuring and maximum energy output and energy balance was obtained with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers. However, higher values of energy balance per unit input and energy output per unit input ratio were registered with application of 50% Vermicompost + 50% Neemcake + Biofertilizers.ThesisItem Open Access Title: IMPACT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT MODULES ON PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGEONPEA BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-06-15) Authors: SANJAY, D. J.; Advisor: Ganvir, Dr. M. M.Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Impact of organic nutrient modules on productivity of pigeonpea based intercropping system’’ was conducted during Kharif season of 2018-19 at research farm of Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) to find out effect of different organic integrated nutrient management on pigeonpea based intercropping systems. The experiment was laid out in Strip Plot Design (SrPD) with four main plot factors i.e. intercropping system (T1 – Sole Pigeonpea, T2 - Pigeonpea + Soybean 1:4, T3 - Pigeonpea + Foxtail millet 1:4 and T4 - Pigeonpea + Cotton 1:4) and three sub plot factors i.e. organic integrated nutrient management (N1 – 100% FYM + Vermicompost, N2 – 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake and N3 – Control) replicated three times. The varieties adopted are PKV-Tara (pigeonpea), AMT-1001 (soybean), Co 1 (foxtail millet) and AKA-7 (cotton). Plant height (cm) was higher in pigeonpea + cotton (1:4) intercropping system. Number of leaves plant-1 was not influenced by the intercropping system. Leaf area, leaf area index and number of branches was maximum at 120 DAS in pigeonpea + foxtail millet (1:4) intercropping system. Number of root nodules and root volume of the pigeonpea crop, dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) and root dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) was more in sole pigeonpea. Total leaf biomass added (kg ha-1) and total biomass added for in-situ decomposition (kg ha-1) was higher in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system than other intercropping system. Number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1), stalk yield (kg ha-1) and total uptake of NPK (kg ha-1) was found higher in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system. Among organic integrated nutrient management treatment 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake significantly influenced dry matter accumulation in plant (g) at 90 and 120 DAS, root dry matter (g) at 90 DAS, number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1, grain yield (kg ha-1), stalk yield (kg ha-1) and NPK uptake. Pigeonpea + Soybean (1:4) intercropping with organic integrated nutrient management of 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake was found significantly higher seed yield (kg ha-1), pigeonpea equivalent yield (kg ha-1), system productivity (kg-1 ha-1 day-1), net monetary returns, B:C ratio and system profitability (Rs.-1 ha-1 day-1). Quality parameters viz. protein content (%), protein yield (kg ha-1), oil content (%), oil yield (kg ha-1) were also found higher values in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system. In brief, OINM combination of 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping treatment recorded higher PEY and economic returns.ThesisItem Open Access Title: IMPACT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT MODULES ON PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGEONPEA BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-06-15) Authors: SANJAY, D. J.; Advisor: Ganvir, Dr. M. M.Abstract: The field experiment entitled “Impact of organic nutrient modules on productivity of pigeonpea based intercropping system’’ was conducted during Kharif season of 2018-19 at research farm of Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) to find out effect of different organic integrated nutrient management on pigeonpea based intercropping systems. The experiment was laid out in Strip Plot Design (SrPD) with four main plot factors i.e. intercropping system (T1 – Sole Pigeonpea, T2 - Pigeonpea + Soybean 1:4, T3 - Pigeonpea + Foxtail millet 1:4 and T4 - Pigeonpea + Cotton 1:4) and three sub plot factors i.e. organic integrated nutrient management (N1 – 100% FYM + Vermicompost, N2 – 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake and N3 – Control) replicated three times. The varieties adopted are PKV-Tara (pigeonpea), AMT-1001 (soybean), Co 1 (foxtail millet) and AKA-7 (cotton). Plant height (cm) was higher in pigeonpea + cotton (1:4) intercropping system. Number of leaves plant-1 was not influenced by the intercropping system. Leaf area, leaf area index and number of branches was maximum at 120 DAS in pigeonpea + foxtail millet (1:4) intercropping system. Number of root nodules and root volume of the pigeonpea crop, dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) and root dry matter accumulation plant-1 (g) was more in sole pigeonpea. Total leaf biomass added (kg ha-1) and total biomass added for in-situ decomposition (kg ha-1) was higher in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system than other intercropping system. Number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1), stalk yield (kg ha-1) and total uptake of NPK (kg ha-1) was found higher in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system. Among organic integrated nutrient management treatment 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake significantly influenced dry matter accumulation in plant (g) at 90 and 120 DAS, root dry matter (g) at 90 DAS, number of pod plant-1, number of seed plant-1, grain yield (kg ha-1), stalk yield (kg ha-1) and NPK uptake. Pigeonpea + Soybean (1:4) intercropping with organic integrated nutrient management of 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake was found significantly higher seed yield (kg ha-1), pigeonpea equivalent yield (kg ha-1), system productivity (kg-1 ha-1 day-1), net monetary returns, B:C ratio and system profitability (Rs.-1 ha-1 day-1). Quality parameters viz. protein content (%), protein yield (kg ha-1), oil content (%), oil yield (kg ha-1) were also found higher values in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping system. In brief, OINM combination of 75% FYM + Vermicompost + 25% Neem cake in pigeonpea + soybean (1:4) intercropping treatment recorded higher PEY and economic returns.ThesisItem Open Access Title: EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DECOMPOSING CULTURE ON QUALITY OF COMPOST FROM WEED BIOMASS.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-08-05) Authors: PANDULE, DNYANESHWAR SANJAY; Advisor: Paslawar, Dr. A.N.Abstract: The study was aimed to explore the possibility of conversion of different available weed biomass to utilize the embedded nutrients for supplying enriched organic manure for better soil health and crop growth, which will not only improve the yield and quality of the produce but also conserve energy, minimize pollution, save foreign exchange and improve the fertilizer use efficiency and subsequently that will help to revitalize and restore the soil fertility and will revive the microbial activities for sustainable crop production. An experiment on, “Effect of different decomposing culture on quality of compost from weed biomass” was carried out during August to November in year 2018-19 at Centre for Organic Agriculture Research and Training (COART) Farm, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola with twelve treatments as different weed biomass viz., of Cassia tora, Sorghum helepense, Parthenium hysterophorus and some other species of weed replicated thrice in Factorial Randomized Block Design by using different decomposing cultures like S-9 culture, PDKV culture and Dung slurry. The periodical chemical analysis carried during weed composting indicated decrease in pH, total organic carbon, C:N ratio while increase in nutrient content and microbial population with the advancement of composting. Composting samples were collected and analyzed for chemical and biological properties at different stages viz., 30, 60, 90 DAF tanks and at maturity (differed with different treatments). Initially the maximum temperature (47.2 0C) was recorded in Parthenium hysterophorus followed by 45.6 in mix weed, 45.1 0C in Sorghum helepense and 44.8 0C in Cassia tora compost at 3 weeks after filling of compost pits. Further the temperature was steadily decreased towards maturity. Among the three decomposing culture PDKV culture recorded highest temperature followed by S-9 and dung slurry. It was revealed that Sorghum helepense weed biomass indicated statistically higher reduction of about 32.69 kg over initial weight added in compost pit of 60 kg at start of filling of compost pit. However, Cassia tora recorded less reduction in weight of about 29.13 kg. Mix weed recorded reduction in weight of about 31.80 kg and Parthenium hysterophorus recorded reduction in weight of about 31 kg over initial weight of material added in compost pit of 60 kg. Among four weed biomass, the pH was significantly highest in mix weed during composting (7.38 at 30 DAF and 7.92 at DAF respectively). At maturity, EC of mix weed compost was significantly lower than other weed compost. At maturity stage mix weed compost showed significantly maximum reduction (20.58 %) in total organic carbon while the lowest C:N ratio (15.13: 1) was recorded with mix weed compost. Mix weed compost was rich in total N (1.36 %), P (0.65 %) and K (0.59 %) followed by Cassia tora, Parthenium hysterophorus and Sorghum helepense compost. Among the different weed biomass, compost obtained from mix weeds recorded significantly maximum bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population at maturity.ThesisItem Open Access Title: EFFECT OF LIQUID INOCULANTS OF AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-06-24) Authors: PANDA, DEBESH KUMAR; Advisor: Nemade, Dr. S. M.Abstract: A field experiment entitled “Effect of liquid inoculants of Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and yield of sorghum” was undertaken during the kharif season of 2018 on clay loam soil of Sorghum Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra). An experiment was laid out in the factorial randomized block design in three replications. There were twelve treatment combinations consisting of three different levels of RDF viz., F1 - 50% RDF, F2 -75% RDF, F3 -100% RDF (80:40:40 kg/ha of N:P2O5:K2O) and four seed treatments viz., S1 -Control (without seed treatment and only application of fertilizer), S2 - seed treatment with Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 25 g each/kg seed, S3 - seed treatment with liquid Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 2 ml each/kg seed and S4 - seed treatment with liquid Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 4 ml each/kg seed. Among different levels of RDF, 100% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height (203.68 cm), total dry matter (g/plant) accumulation (145.50 g), grain yield (43.06 q/ha), fodder yield (92.75 q/ha), protein content (9.61%), protein yield (414.26 kg/ha), NPK uptake, available nutrient status (kg/ha), GMR (Rs 101024/ha), NMR (Rs 75818/ha) and B:C ratio (3.01). However, application of 50% RDF recorded significantly higher rhizospheric effect (cfu/g of soil) of both Azospirillum and PSB at seedling, flowering and grain filling stages. Seed treatment with liquid Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 4 ml each/kg seed recorded significantly higher plant height (198.93 cm), total dry matter (g/plant) accumulation (140.79 g), grain yield (43.27 q/ha), fodder yield (93.78 q/ha), protein content (9.60%), protein yield (415.53 kg/ha), NPK uptake, available nutrient status (kg/ha), rhizospheric effect (cfu/g of soil) of both Azospirillum and PSB at seedling, flowering and grain filling stages. GMR (Rs 101687/ha), NMR (Rs 76981/ha) and B:C ratio (3.11) over other seed treatments. However, S4 - seed treatment with liquid Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 4 ml each/kg seed was statistically at par with S3 - seed treatment with liquid Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 2 ml each/kg seed in growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of sorghum. Thus, application of 100% RDF and seed treatment with liquid Azospirillum brasilense and phosphate solubilizing bacteria @ 2 ml each/kg seed found promising over other respective treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Title: EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SOYBEAN UNDER INCEPTISOL.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-12) Authors: MANTE, ASHWINI RAMDAS.; Advisor: DESHMUKH, Dr. J. P.Abstract: A field investigation entitled “EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SOYBEAN UNDER INCEPTISOL was conducted at research farm of AICRP on Weed Management, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) during the year 2018-19 on inceptisol soil. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. There were twenty treatment combinations consisting four tillage and weed management practices, viz., T1- 1 ploghing + 2 harrowing by tyne cultivator + 1 harrowing by blade harrow; T2 -1 harrowing by tyne cultivator + 1 Rototill; T3 – 1 Rototill; T4 – Zero tillage ( No tillage); and five levels of weed management, i.e. W1:Diclosulam @0.030 kg a.i./ha PE W2:Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr@ 0.125Kg a.i./ha POE W3: Diclo@0.030 kg a.i./ha PE fb Prop + Imaz@ 0.125Kg a.i./ha POE W4:Weed free W5:Weedy Check. The net plot size was 6.3m x 9.4m .Sowing of soybean (PDKV Yellow Gold) was done on 22st June, 2018 at 45 cm × 5 cm spacing with 30:75:30 NPK kg ha-1.The crop was harvested on 10th October 2018. The soil of experimental field characterized as clay loam in texture, having moderatly alkaline pH (7.62), moderate organic carbon status (5.08%),good electrical conductivity (0.30), low nitrogen content (202 kg ha-1), medium available phosphorus content (18.84kg ha-1) and high available potassium (340.64 kg ha-1). In the experimental field, predominant weed flora were Cyperus rotundus L., Cynodon dactylon, Commelina benghalensis, Denebra Arabica, Tridax procumbens L., Lagasca mollis, Euphorbia hirta L., Euphorbia geniculata, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Digera arvensis L., Phyllanthus niruri L., Celosia argentina and Acalyfa indica.Treatment conventional tillage was found to be effective in controlling weeds across the crop growth period. Among the herbicidal treatments, Diclosulam@ 0.030kg a.i./ha PE fb Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr@ 0.125Kg a.i./ha POE(W3)was found to be effective in controlling weeds across the crop growth period. The same treatment recorded better weed control efficiency and lowest weed index. The values of plant growth, yield attributes and yield of soybean were significantly increased with tillage treatment of 1 ploughing + 2 Harrowing by tyne cultivator + 1 Harrowing by blade harrow (CvT) as compared to other tillage treatments which was at par with 1 Harrowing by tyne cultivator + 1 Rototill (RT). Among the weed management practices under study weed free recorded significantly higher values of major parameters whereas, in herbicidal treatments, the maximum growth and yield attributes were recorded with treatment Diclosulam@ 0.030 kg a.i./ha PE fb Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr@ 0.125Kg a.i./ha POE(W3). All the soil physical properties i.e mean weight diameter, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and rate of infiltration were significantly improved with deep tillage consisting of 1 ploughing + 2 harrowing by tyne cultivator + 1 harrowing by blade harrow (CvT). The next best treatment that improved physical properties of soil to some extent was 1 Harrowing by tyne cultivator (RT). Zero tillage and minimum tillage treatments were found inferior in improving soil physical properties with maximum value of bulk density and penetration resistance. The maximum benefit to cost ratio of 3.37 was obtained with conventional tillage treatment. The next highest benefit to cost ratio of 3.13 was obtained with treatment reduced tillage. While among the herbicidal treatments maximum benefit to cost ratio of 3.70 was obtained with treatment Diclosulam @ 0.030kg a.i./ha PE fb Propaquizafop + Imazethapyr @ 0.125Kg a.i./ha POE(W3).ThesisItem Open Access Title: INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN LEAFY VEGETABLES.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-08-09) Authors: MOHOD, AISHWARYA ANILRAsO.; Advisor: Khadse, Dr. V. A.Abstract: A field experiment entitled “Integrated nutrient management in leafy vegetables” was carried out at Agronomy Farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola during rabi season of 2017-18 on clayey soil. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and four replications. Treatments consist of three nitrogen sources viz., 100% N through urea, 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea and 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost + Biofertilizers and three vegetables viz., coriander, fenugreek and spinach. Experimental results revealed that growth characters of all vegetables were significantly higher with the application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea followed by 50% N through FYM + 50% N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Maximum green biomass yield of all vegetables was recorded with application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea followed by application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Higher Chlorophyll content of the leaves of all vegetables was observed with application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea than other nitrogen sources. In case of shelf life of leafy vegetables physiological weight loss was lowest which was produced by the application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Fenugreek recorded lowest physiological weight loss in refrigerator, covered with wet cloth and at room temperature at 24 and 48 hours. Dark green colour of all vegetables was acceptable by 40% respondents which was produced by 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea. Better aroma of all leafy vegetables, was experienced by 42% respondents of all vegetables which resulted due to application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Good taste was noted by 50% respondents obtained by the application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N though Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Soil microbial population was strongly improved by application of nitrogen through organic sources such as 50% N through FYM + 50% through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Nutrient content in coriander, fenugreek and spinach was found significantly higher with incorporation of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea in soil. However, phosphorus and potassium content was found maximum with the application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost + Biofertilizers. At harvest, available nitrogen in soil was improved with the application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea. However, phosphorus and potassium content was increased with application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N though Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Micronutrients and organic carbon status of the soil was increased with 50% N through FYM + 50% N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Maximum gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and B:C ratio were recorded with application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through urea over other nutrient sources. Among vegetables spinach fetched highest gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and B:C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Title: ALLEVIATION OF MOISTURE STRESS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) THROUGH EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM NITRATE.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-20) Authors: KALE, SWAPNIL DILIP.; Advisor: Jaybhaye, Dr. C. P.Abstract: A field experiment entitled “Alleviation of moisture stress in soybean (Glycine max L.) through exogenous application of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate” was conducted at Integrated farming research unit , Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during Kharif season of 2018-19. The soil of experimental plot was clay in texture. Soil was slightly alkaline in reaction. As regards to fertility status, the soil was low in available Nitrogen (206.98 kg ha-1), available Phosphorus (16.32 kg ha-1), high in available Potassium (350.2 kg ha-1) and medium in organic carbon (0.57%). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment comprised of control (water spray), 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation stage (T2), 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation stage (T3), 1% KNO3 at flower initiation stage (T4), 15 ppm GA3 at pod formation stage (T5), 30 ppm GA3 at pod formation stage (T6), 1% KNO3 at pod formation stage (T7) ,15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage (T8), 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage (T9) and 1% KNO3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage (T10). Growth characters viz.,number of branches, number of functional trifoliate leaves, leaf area,chlorophyll content, dry matter were found significantly maximum with treatment 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Yield attributes and yield viz., number of pods per plant, seed yield plant-1, seed index (g), protein yield (kg ha-1) and seed yield (kg ha-1) were recorded significantly superior in treatment 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Whereas, straw yield was higher in treatment of 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Maximum harvest index was observed in 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was significantly maximum in 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Gross monetary returns were found significantly maximum in 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Net monetary returns were found significantly maximum in 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Maximum B:C ratio was observed in 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage.ThesisItem Open Access Title: ALLEVIATION OF MOISTURE STRESS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) THROUGH EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM NITRATE.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-20) Authors: KALE, SWAPNIL DILIP.; Advisor: Jaybhaye, Dr. C. P.Abstract: A field experiment entitled “Alleviation of moisture stress in soybean (Glycine max L.) through exogenous application of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate” was conducted at Integrated farming research unit , Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during Kharif season of 2018-19. The soil of experimental plot was clay in texture. Soil was slightly alkaline in reaction. As regards to fertility status, the soil was low in available Nitrogen (206.98 kg ha-1), available Phosphorus (16.32 kg ha-1), high in available Potassium (350.2 kg ha-1) and medium in organic carbon (0.57%). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment comprised of control (water spray), 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation stage (T2), 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation stage (T3), 1% KNO3 at flower initiation stage (T4), 15 ppm GA3 at pod formation stage (T5), 30 ppm GA3 at pod formation stage (T6), 1% KNO3 at pod formation stage (T7) ,15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage (T8), 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage (T9) and 1% KNO3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage (T10). Growth characters viz.,number of branches, number of functional trifoliate leaves, leaf area,chlorophyll content, dry matter were found significantly maximum with treatment 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Yield attributes and yield viz., number of pods per plant, seed yield plant-1, seed index (g), protein yield (kg ha-1) and seed yield (kg ha-1) were recorded significantly superior in treatment 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Whereas, straw yield was higher in treatment of 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Maximum harvest index was observed in 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was significantly maximum in 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Gross monetary returns were found significantly maximum in 30 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Net monetary returns were found significantly maximum in 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage. Maximum B:C ratio was observed in 15 ppm GA3 at flower initiation and pod formation stage.
