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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur
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ThesisItem Open Access Tapping wild Cicer species for enriching variability in cultivated genepool for chickpea improvement(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2019) Verma, Vikas; Babbar, AnitaThesisItem Open Access Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in field pea(JNKVV, 2014) Verma, Vikas; Dubey, R.K.ABSTRACT Present research work on “Study on the Seasonal incidence of insect pests complex of Gram and their management through bio-pesticides and chemical pesticides” was conducted in Rabi 2013-14 at J.N.K.V.V., Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.).The experiment was conducted with the following objectives. 1. To note the seasonal incidence of major insect pests of gram. 2. To find out the efficacy of some bio-pesticides and chemical pesticides against major insect pests of gram. 3. To work out the economics of the management of major insect pests . of gram. Study on seasonal incidence of major insect pests and their management of gram through bio-pesticides and chemical pesticides was studied and it was revealed that gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) was only a major and most devastating insect which cause damaged 65 per cent to the crop. The infestation of H. armigera was started from the 49th SMW (03 December to 09 December) and it was continued up to 13th SMW (26 March to 1 April). During the peak activity of the pest, the maximum population (5.00 larvae/mrl) was recorded in the 10th SMW (05 March to 11 March). During this period the maximum and minimum temperature respectively were 27.00 0C and 11.50 0C, relative humidity in the morning and evening was respectively 87% and 44%. Correlation studies revealed that maximum temprature exhibited significantly positive correlation (r= +0.49) with Helicoverpa armigera larval population. A negative but very weak correlation between Helicoverpa larval population and morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity and rainfall (r = -0.25, -0.44 and -0.05 respectively), were observed to non significantly level. Where as positive correlation between Helicoverpa larval population and abiotic parameters viz. minimum temperature and evaporation (r = +0.32 and r = +0.42 ), were also found to be non-significant. Under chemical control eleven insecticides including some newer one were tested against Helicoverpa armigera larvae in the field. All the insecticidal treatments proved to be effective in reducing overall larval population. Flubendiamide 39.35SC performed best recording lowest population (0.66 larvae per metre row length), followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (0.84 larvae/mrl), emamectin benzoate 5SG (0.87 larvae/mrl) cypermethrin 25EC (0.98 larvae/mrl), fipronil 5SC (1.11 larvae/mrl), quinalphos 25EC (1.15 larvae/mrl), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (1.22 larvae/mrl), NPV (1.32 larvae/mrl),B.t. (1.44 larvae/mrl) and NSKE (1.52 larvae/mrl). Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP treated plots recorded higher population (1.1.64 larvae/mrl). The untreated plots recorded highest larval population (3.18 larvae/mrl) of gram pod borer. With regard to pod damage, flubendiamide 39.35SC was found best recording significantly minimum pod damage (8.32%) followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (9.24%), emamectin benzoate 5SG (9.44%) cypermethrin25EC (10.70%), fipronil 5SC (11.42%), quinalphos 25EC (12.21%), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (12.75%), NPV (13.00%), NSKE (13.17%) and B.t. (13.48%) . Among the treatments the Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP recorded highest pod damage (13.90%). The untreated plots recorded highest pod damage (21.33%). Flubendiamide 39.35SC recorded significantly highest yield (1789 kg/ha). followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (1700 kg/ha), emamectin benzoate (1689 kg/ha) cypermethrin 25EC (1501 kg/ha), fipronil 5SC (1473 kg/ha), quinalphos 25EC (1470 kg/ha), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (1395 kg/ha), NPV(1355 kg/ha), B.t. (1294 kg/ha) and NSKE (1283 kg/ha). Among the treatments the Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP was recorded lowest yield (1278 kg/ha). The untreated plots recorded lowest yield of (1078 kg/ha). Treatment flubendiamide 39.35SC gave maximum net profit (19852 Rs/ha) among all the treatments followed by emamectin benzoate 5SG (17252 Rs/ha), whereas Incremental cost benefit ratio was maximum with the treatment of cypermethrin 25EC (1:9.40). The minimum net profit and Incremental cost benefit ratio was recorded in the treatment of Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP (3100 Rs/ha and 1:1.94), respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Response of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield onion (Allium Capa L.) cv. N-53(2014) Verma, Vikas; Bose, U.S.ABSTRACT Onion(Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable crop grown all over world. Onion belong to the family Amaryllidaceae. Its genus is Allium and species is cepa. Its is bulbous annual plant for bulb production and biennial for seed production. The crop is very useful for human beings because it has several nutritional and medicinal values. It contains vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, iron, fibers, pungency, is onion is due to volatile oil contain i.e. Allylpropyl disulphide (C6H12O2). The onion is useful throughout the year as salad, culinary purposes for flavouring as spices in pickles, sauce and vegetables. Keeping to the above facts in view, the present research work “Response of different nitrogen levels and spacing on growth and yield of onion(Allium cepa L.)” cv. N-53 has been undertaken with the following objectives: 1. To find out the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of onion. 2. To study the optimum plant spacing for quality bulb production. 3. To evaluate the combined effect of nitrogen doses & spacing of onion. The present investigation entitled “Respones of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield of onion ( Allium cepa L.) var.N-53 was conducted at Nusery area Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rewa during rabi 2012-13. The experimental was to work out the optimum requirement of spacing and nitrogen along with economic viability of the best treatment for onion. The soil of the experimental field was medium black with pH 7.5, organic carbon 0.56 percent , available nitrogen 238.33 kg/ha, available phosphorus 18.0 kg/ha available potassium 304 kg/ha and available sulphur 2.166 kg/ha. The four levels of nitrogen (0,40,80,120 kg/ha) and three spacing (15x5,15x10,15x15cm) were tasted in randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The sowing was done on 08/11/2012. Forty five days old seedlings were transplanted in main field 23/12/2012. The row to row and plant to plant distance were as per treatments. Proper water management, plant protection and weed control measures were followed uniformly in all the plots. The crops was harvested during the end of april 2013 by up rooting the matured plants in each treatment. The observations on growth parameters viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant and diameter of neck were recorded at the successive growth stages at the interval of 15 days from after transplanting upto 90 days. The yield and yield attributing characters viz. bulb weight(fresh and dry) and bulb diameter were recorded chlorophyll content and leaf area index were also recorded. The economic viability of treatment was also determined. Tabulation and statistical analysis of data recorded on previous characters was done for the interpretation of result. The salient findings of the present investigation are summarized as below. Growth parameters The growth parameter viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, width of neck were increased steadily and multi-fold, general in all treatments, with the advancement of plant growth and development up to the crop maturity. At 75 days stage, the plant height ranged from 54.96 to 68.22cm, number of leaves 11.02 to 14.73 plant, with of neck 1.55 to 1.78cm and in different treatments. This may be due to differences in the supply of nutrients and other factors from different plant spacing and nitrogen levels. Effect of plant spacings The different plants densities 15x5, 15x10 and 15x15cm spacing between plants(5,10 and 15cm) exerted significant impact upon the plant height, number of leaves/plant as well as width of neck at all the stages of observation. Adoption of wider spacing gives more space to plants, which can derive more nutrients from the soil and may help in more photosynthetic activities. Ten cm plant spacing gave 285.82q/ha yield as compared to 15x5 and 15x15cm plant spacing, whereas maximum bulb diameter(6.02cm), number of roots(74.07 plant) and fresh bulb weight(95.71g) were obtained from 15x15cm plant spacing. Length and weight of roots was also found maximum under 15x15cm spacing. Effect of nitrogen doses The nitrogen levels revealed significant changes in plant height, number of leaves and neck width at every stage of observations. The N level up to 120kg/ha increased the height(68.25cm), number of leaves(14.73/plant) and width of neck(1.78cm). The nitrogen levels revealed significantly maximum changes in chlorophyll content index and leaf area index. The significantly higher differences were recorded in fresh and dry weight of leaves, number and length of roots and fresh weight of roots. The significantly maximum bulb yield(305.95q/ha) was obtained from 120 kg N/ha. Yield attributing parameters The yield attributing characters viz., diameter of bulb and fresh weight of bulb were found to significantly due to plant spacing and nitrogen levels as well as their interactions. 120kg N/ha with 15x15cm plant spacing provided 5.75cm diameter of bulb as well as 77.74g fresh weight of bulb which were significantly maximum to other interactions. Productivity of onion The increase in plant spacing up to 15x15cm significantly increased the weight of bulb and diameter of bulb but the maximum yield(285.82q/ha) was obtained at 15x10cm plant spacing due to maximum number of plants. Each increase in nitrogen levels resulted in significantly increase in bulb yield. Thus at 120kg N/ha, the bulb yield was highest(305.95q/ha). Economical gain The crop sown in 15x10cm plant spacing applied with 120kg N/ha registered highest bulb productivity up to 321.68q/ha with the highest net income up to Rs.109307/ha with B:C ratio 3.12. The 15x10cm plant spacing gave net income of Rs.92113/ha and 120kg N/ha gave Rs. 101447/ha which were maximum with B:C 2.81 and 2.96, respectively. CONCLUSION The onion variety N-53 transplanted at 15x10cm plant spacing applied with 120kg N/ha gave the maximum bulb yield (321.68q/ha), net income (Rs.109307/ha) with B:C ratio up to 3.21. The second best combination was 15x5cm plant spacing with 120kg N/ha (315.65q/ha), Rs.106292/ha income and 3.06 B:C ratio under the existing agro-climatic condition of kymore plateau of Madhya Pradesh. SUGGESTIONS 1. In order to confirm the validity of these results the experiment should be repeated for few more years at different location in sulphur deficient soils. 2. The nitrogen doses may be increased up to 140 kg/ha in soils having higher N deficiency.ThesisItem Open Access Response of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield onion (Allium Capa L.) cv. N-53(JNKVV, 2014) Verma, Vikas; Bose, U.S.ABSTRACT Present research work on “Studies on mass production of Beauveria bassiana ,its efficacy and compatibility with some new generation insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was carried out in the experimental field of Department of Entomology, Live Stock Farm, Adhartal, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during rabi 2012-13. The experiments were conducted with the following objectives: 1. To evaluate some local substrates for mass production of Beauveria bassiana 2. To study the population dynamics of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera on normal sown chickpea. 3.a To evaluate the efficacy and combatibility of Beauveria bassiana with some new generation insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera in feild. 3.b Invitro studies on compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with some new generation insecticides. Among the different substrates evaluated highest conidial count (19.07 × 107 spores/ml) was observed on per media followed by Rajma ( 17.03 × 107 spores/ml). It was seen that the pod borer egg population appeared from 49th SW (02/12/2012 to 08/12/2012) and was available upto the 14th SW (31-03-2014 to 6-04-2014). Pod borer egg population attained its maximum peak (0.75 egg/mrl) during 12th SW (17-03-2014 to 23-03-2014), when maximum and minimum temperature were 34 and 13.4oC, respectively, whereas morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity were 79 and 27%, respectively. It was seen that the pod borer larval population appeared from 50th SW (09/12/2013 to 15/12/2013) and was available upto the 15th SW (07-04-2014 to 13-04-2014). Pod borer larval population attained its maximum peak (2.75 larvae/mrl) during 14th SW (31-03-2014 to 6-04-2014), when maximum and minimum temperature were 37.4 and 18.5oC, respectively, whereas morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity were 55 and 16%, respectively. On the basis of the effectiveness of different treatments against pod borer and the grain yield obtained, it can be said that emamectin benzoate 5 SG, flubendiamide 20 SG and rynaxypyr 20 SC proved to be the most effective treatment, not only in reducing the damage due to pod borer complex but also recorded higher grain yields.(1166.67,1120.37,1035.19 kg /ha ,respectively) The quantity and cost of chickpea grain saved by applying emamectin benzoate 5SG, flibendiamide 20 SC, rynaxypyr 20SC comes to 752.78 kg/ha , 706.4 kg/ha 621.35 kg/ha worth Rs 20641.00 per ha ,Rs 15696.50 per ha and Rs 15694.40 per ha. Taking in account the cost of plant protection inputs, the cost benefit ratio value of sole chemicals and combination treatments were close to each other. ie 1:8.62,1:7.64,1:4.79 for emamectin benzoate ,B..bassiana + emamectin benzoate ,and B..bassiana +rynaxypyr respectively. It means that a farmer likely to get a profit of Rs 8.62, Rs 7.46 and Rs 4.79 after investing n amount of Rs 1/- in plant protection measure by applying emamectin, rynaxypyr and flubendiamide respectively.. The effect of insecticides on the mycelial growth of B.bassiana was conducted invitro .amoung the tested emamectin benzoate 5 SG was found to be most compatible with least inhibition percentage followed by flubendiamide 20SC and rynaxypyr 20SC. .