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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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201615
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Subject: Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 15
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of different levels of nitrogen and azospirillum inoculation on direst seeded rice in a vertisol
    (JNKVV, 2016) Namdeo, Varsha; Mitra, N.G.
    The present investigation entitled “Influence of different levels of nitrogen and Azospirillum inoculation on direct seeded rice in a Vertisol” was carried out in the experimental filed (Vertisol) of the Department of Soil Science & Agrilcultural Chmeitry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Kharif 2015. The experiment was laid out with total 8 treatment combinations replicated thrice under randomized block design in different 24 plots each of 3 m x 4 m. The treatments were constituted with different combinations of 3 levels of fertilizer nitrogen (50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of N) and inoculation of carrier based Azospirillum (as inoculated and uninoculated) including one control of unfertilized and uninoculated. The observations were recorded for plant growth parameters viz., length of root and shoot, leaf chlorophyll content, and number of tillers/hill. Different yield parameters were recorded viz., number of grains/ear, test weight of grains and yields of grain and straw. Diazotrophic population of Azospirillum was also counted in the rhizospheric soil. Besides these, chemical and microbial analyses of soil samples (initial and individual plot wise) and plant samples for the different parameters were performed. The data on various parameters were processed and computed statistically for test of significance. The response from the treatment of RDN75%+Azospirillum was recorded statistically superior in enhancing growth of the crop viz., length of root and shoot, chlorophyll content, number of tiller/hill and other plant growth parameters. The same treatment combination of RDN75%+Azospirillum was found statistically and economically best to increase available N content in soil at 45 DAS and at harvest of the crop by 27.05 and 26.04%, respectively over control; total N content in soil at the respective growth stages by 28.22 and 30.31%; N content in plant at 65 DAS stage, grain and straw at maturity by 39.28 ,44.66 and 42.30%, respectively; azospiral population in rhizospheric soil at 65 DAS and at harvest by 2.13 , 1.92 and 1.91 log folds, respectively and yields of grain and straw of paddy by 110.58and 39.44%, respectively. While the treatment of RDN100%+Azospirillum exhibited numerically higher values for the above parameters but these were at par to that of RDN75%+Azospirillum. The improvement in growth parameters and yield components of paddy under study was plausibly attributed to supplementation of nitrogen at moderate level along with inoculation of Azospirillum in combination which made nitrogen and other nutrients and growth factors more available either abiotic and/or biotic means. Further, Azospirillum inoculation might biologically increased production of more plant biomass and development of the root system and finally the yield. Development of root system might increase root length and number of lateral roots, root density and more number of root hairs and its length and consequently the volume of root zone; these all dramatically contributed in greater uptake ability and utilization of nutrients and water.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Appraisal of spatial variability of soil properties for identification of management zones in cropped areas of anuppur district using geo-spatial techniques
    (JNKVV, 2016) Sethy, Sumit Kumar; Tagore, G.S.
    ABSTRACT Soil fertility fluctuates throughout the growing season each year due to alteration in the quantity and availability of mineral nutrients. The fertility of soil depends on types of soils, nature of irrigation facilities, pH, organic matter content and addition of fertilizer. The evaluation of soil fertility includes the measurement of available macro and micronutrients are essential to maintain ecosystems and high crop yields. Hence, evaluation of fertility status of the soils of an area or a region is an important aspect in the context of sustainable agriculture. Soils are inherently heterogeneous in nature because of the many factors that, contribute to their formation and the complex interactions of these factors. Soil heterogeneities may arise from management activities and can occur from land use and management strategies. Small-scale farmers, who cultivate the lands, are often unable to afford very costly fertilizers and instead, apply animal manure as per their availability. The differential allocation of manure or other source of nutrients creates a nutrient gradient across the cultivated lands. The resulting spatial variability of soil fertility poses great challenge to land management and reflects in variable yields over farmlands. Traditionally, researchers have attempted to remove spatial variability by blocking and/or statistical averaging procedures. However, these attempts have often resulted in the failure to understand the spatial interdependence of the soil properties. Geo-statistics has been used extensively to characterize the spatial variability of soil attributes due to its ability of quantifying and reducing sampling uncertainties and minimizing investigation costs. Multivariate classification by cluster analysis enables the identification of sub- region in the fields that internally have similar characteristics. Currently, use of zone management technique emerged as the most popular approach to manage spatial variability within agricultural fields. In this technique, the field is subdivided into different zones that have relatively homogeneous attributes in landscape and soil conditions and can be used for direct variable rate fertilizer application. Keeping above in view, the present investigation entitled “Appraisal of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties for Identification of Management Zones in Cropped Areas of Anuppur district using Geo- spatial Techniques” was carried out under AICRP on MSN at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during 2015-16. Geographically, Anuppur district lies in between 220 70’-230 25’ North latitude and 810 10’-820 10’ East longitude with an area of 3701 km2. Administratively, the district divided into four blocks, Pushparajgarh, Kotma, Anuppur and Jaithari. The sites decided randomly distributed over agricultural areas by considering land use and heterogeneity of the soil types. From the area of interest, a total of 283 surface soil samples were collected using GPS. These soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, available N, P, K, S and micronutrients. After data arrangement, spatial variability maps of soil properties were generated using geo-statistical tool in Arc GIS 10.2 software. Correlations between variables, one-way ANOVA test for comparison mean of groups. PCA to reduce the dimensionality of a data set carried out using SPSS 16.0 software and FuzME software was used for delineation of management zones. Fuzzy k-means clustering algorithm were performed to delineate the management zones based on optimum clusters identified using fuzzy performance index (FPI) and normalized classification entropy (NCE). Result obtained from present study using appropriate methodology summarized below: In the district as a whole, the mean bulk density and CEC of soil were found 1.58 Mg m-3 and 19.33 meq/100 g soil, respectively and the soils were found slightly acidic in reaction, safe in electrical conductivity, low to medium in organic carbon content and non-calcareous in nature. The deficiency of macronutrients i.e. N, P, K and S were recorded by 65.02%, 32.16%, 33.57% and 70.67% soil samples, respectively. Micronutrients mainly DTPA-Zn (54.06%) and HWS B (9.89%) were found deficient while DTPA-Fe, Cu and Mn content sufficient in whole district. The exponential model was best fitted for pH, CaCO3, AN, ln(AP), ln(Zn) and ln(B) and spherical model for ln(EC), OC, ln(Fe), yield, sand, ln(silt) and clay. However, the circular model was fitted for ln(AK), Cu, Mn, bulk density and CEC while Gaussian model fitted only for ln(S). The NS ratios of variogram models for AK, B, clay and CEC falls between 9 to 16%, which exhibit strong spatial dependency. The pH of soil had significant positive relation with N and K, while significant negative relationship with micronutrients i.e. Zn, Cu, Mn & Fe and B in soil. In addition, the EC had positive and significant relationship with N, P, K, S and B. The OC of soil showed significant and positive relation with available N and Mn. The colour parameter, hue had significant positive relationship with B content. The value had significant positively related with Fe and Mn while negatively related with N, P and Zn. The chroma of soil positively related with Fe and B, while significant negatively related with N. Result showed the yield of wheat showed significant positive relationships with available N in soil, HWS B in soil, P in wheat straw, K and S in wheat grain. The Zn content in wheat grain showed significant negative relationship with the pH of soil and Zn in wheat straw showed significant negative relationship with EC and available P in soil. Multivariate analysis results, showed the most important factors governing variation in soil composition were BD, sand, silt, clay & CEC, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn, OC and N, B, S and EC, pH and CaCO3, P and K, respectively. Result showed that seven management zones were identified by PCA & Fuzzy k-means algorithm in whole district. The ANOVA indicated that significant statistical difference existed among the seven MZs for all properties. Overall, it was concluded that the differentiation into seven management zones may be very useful for farmers to adopt site-specific nutrient management, which satisfies the criteria of management zones to be simple, functional, easy to understand and economically feasible. The mean values of soil nutrients in each zone can be used as a reference for variable- rate fertilization.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficiency evaluation of liquid and carrier based rhizobium inoculants at different levels of phosphorus on soybean
    (JNKVV, 2016) Jakhar, Shish Ram; Mitra, N.G.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Rhizobium cultures with supplementation of inorganic P fertilizer on soybean (cv. JS 97-52) growth, yield, nutrient uptake, rhizobial population and major nutrients in a black soil. In view to this, an investigation entitled “Efficiency evaluation of liquid and carrier based Rhizobium inoculants at different level of phosphorus on soybean” was laid out in the research field of the Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Kharif season 2015. The field soil was initially low in N and rhizobial population. The experiment comprised of 12 different treatments including 2 types soybean rhizobial inoculations (liquid and carrier based) in combination with 3 different levels of inorganic P supplementation (@ 40, 80 and 120 kg P2O5/ha) and one control of unfertilized+uninoculated (UFUI). The treatments were tried in plots of 3 replications under randomized block design. Gross plot size used was 3m x 2m = 6m2 maintaining row to row and plot to plot distance 1 and 0.5 m, respectively. Other package of practices including application of fertilizers @ 20:20 kg/ha (N: K2O) were followed as recommended, application of phosphorus was taken as parts of scheduled treatments. As per programme of the experimentation, the crop was sown on 14thJuly 2015 and harvested on 27thOctober 2015 and observations were recorded for plant height and biomass and leaf chlorophyll content at 45 DAS, nodulation attributes at 21 and 45 DAS, N and P contents and uptakes by the crop and yields of grain and stover at harvest and status for pH, OC and available NPK in post-harvest soil samples. The data on various parameters were processed and computed statistically for test of significance of treatment means. Form the experimental observations on the different parameters, the significant findings were interpreted as the influence of Rhizobium inoculum (liquid and carrier based) at different level of inorganic phosphorus on crop growth and yield, major nutrients and rhizobial population in soil at different crop growth stages. The treatment of P80+LRh (inorganic fertilizer @ 80 kg P2O5 +liquid inoculum of Rhizobium) responded statistically better for enhancing plant height (45.00%), chlorophyll content (54.95%), plant biomass (59.93%), nodules number (81.17%), weight (89.10% fresh and 78.55% dry), and N content (64.42%). The same treatment combination increased available N and P in soil at harvest by 42.85 and 92.85%, respectively over control (189 kg N and 14 kg P/ha, respectively) and the uptakes of N and P in the crop by 143.56 and 158.10%, respectively over the control (90.2 kg N and 7.4 kg P/ha, respectively). The treatment of P80+LRh also economically increased grain yield of soybean by 75.41% over the control (1025 kg/ha) and straw yield by 88.80% over the control (2206 kg/ha). Population of Rhizobium in rhizospheric soil of soybean was found more with the treatment of P80+LRh by 1.69, 1.55 and 1.57 log folds, respectively over the control [3.297 log cfu = 1.98×103 cfu/g soil at 21 DAS, 5.499 log cfu = 3.15×105 cfu/g soil at 45 DAS and 4.619 log cfu = 4.15×104 cfu/g soil at harvest]. While the treatment of P120+LRh exhibited numerically higher values but statistically non-significant to that of the former. Further, P80+LRh responded better than P80+CRh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access