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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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2013 - 201418
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Subject: Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2013 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 18
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterizing Rooting Behaviours of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum, L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Crops under Different Soil Compaction Levels
    (JNKVV, 2013) Choudhary, Kalu; Rawat, A.K.
    ABSTRACT The plant roots, popularly known as “hidden half” of plants are responsible for anchorage, supply the plants with water and nutrients, and exchange various growth substances with the shoots. Root traits such as root length, root depth, root diameter and biomass have been identified as most promising plant traits as these help in greater extraction of water and nutrients from soil. Plant roots are strongly affected by physical factors in soil such as mechanical impedance, caused mainly by natural processes as well as by the use of heavy machinery in soil cultivation. In the present investigation, a laboratory experiment was undertaken at Indian institute of soil science, Bhopal, India, to study the effect of different compaction levels on plant growth and various root parameters such as root length, root mass, no.of nodes, primary roots, main axis length and insertion angle and to understand the dynamic of rooting behavior of the two most important crop of central India i.e. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Different soil compaction levels viz., bulk density (BD) (i) 1.2 (ii) 1.4 (iii) 1.5 and (iv) 1.6 Mg m-3 were taken for this study. The data were analysed according two factor CRD with crop cultivars as the main factor, compaction level (i.e. BD) as the subplot factors. Result showed that the plant height and root length of chickpea and wheat cultivar decreased with increased bulk density. Between two cultivars of chickpea, root length, root biomass, main axis length, no.of primary axis, insertion angle and no. of nodes were found greater in JG130 compared to JG11. And similar results were also obtained in case of wheat, cultivar Malwa Shakti as compared to Sujata. When the BD was increased from 1.2 Mg m-3 to 1.6 Mg m-3, there was 58% and 44% reduction in plant height of cv JG 11 and JG 130, respectively. Similarly, when the BD was increased from 1.2 Mg m-3 to 1.6 Mg m-3, there was 27% and 24% reduction in plant height of cv Sujata and Malwa Shakti, respectively. There was 59% and 45% reduction in root length of cv JG 11 and JG 130, with increase in BD from 1.2 Mg m-3 to 1.6 Mg m-3. Similarly there was 49% and 48% reduction in root length of cv Sujata and Malwa Shakti, with increase in BD. There was a negative correlation between root penetration rate and soil bulk density (R2 = 0.88 for chickpea, 0.86 for wheat and 0.77 overall). The critical growth limiting bulk densities for chickpea and wheat are considered to be 1.76 Mg m-3 and 1.89 Mg m-3, respectively. The overall critical bulk density for both the crop was found to be 1.82 Mg m-3. In this study the pattern of observed root length was fitted with the logistic growth model. The model fitted well with the observed dataset obtained from both cultivars of chickpea and wheat with a R2 of 0.98** (p = 0.01). The root characteristics and morphologies studied served as the criteria for selection of crop cultivars suitable for compaction studies. In this study the chickpea variety JG 130 and wheat cultivar Malwa Shakti proved to be better options while selecting chickpea and wheat cultivars for highly compacted soils
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Phosphorus Sulphur and Molybdenum in Enhancing Phosphorus use Efficiency and Productivity of Soybean in a Vertisol
    (JNKVV, 2013) Sharma, Yogesh; Kulhare, P.S.
    ABSTRACT Field experiment entitled ““Effect of Phosphorus, Sulphur and Molybdenum in enhancing Phosphorus use efficiency and productivity of soybean in a Vertisol” was conducted during Kharif 2009 at research farm of department of soil science J.N.K.V.V, Jabalpur (M.P.) to assess the effect of P and S (P0S0, P40S30, P80S60 and P120S90 kg ha-1) and Mo (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kg ha-1) levels on soybean (JS 97-52). The soybean was grown and yield parameters at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, yield, oil and nutrient N, P, K, S and Mo content in grain and stover and their uptake were estimated and post harvest available nutrients status in soil were recorded. The application of increasing level of P, S and Mo significantly increased the plant height and dry weight per plant over control at 30, 60 and 90 DAS and stover yield over control except plant height with 0.5 kg Mo and dry weight at 60 and 90 DAS. However, the plant height at P120S90 was found significantly superior to P40S30 level at 60 and 90 DAS.The application of P80S60 and P120S90 kg ha-1 significantly increased the root nodules per plant at 45 DAS over control. The root nodule at P80S60 was found significantly superior to P40S30 level.While the application of 0.5 and 1 kg Mo ha-1 significantly increased the test weight over control. The application of P80S60 significantly increased the grain yield, S and Mo uptake by grain of soybean over control. The maximum grain yield of 2.39 t ha-1 was observed with P80S60 kg ha-1. The application of Mo @ 1 kg ha-1 significantly increased the grain yield, N, S uptake by stover and total N and K uptake by soybean over control or 0.5 kg Mo level. However, the Mo uptake at P80S60 was found significantly superior to P40S30 or P120S90 levels. The increasing levels of P and S significantly increased the P and K content in soybean grain and N and S content in stover and Mo content in grain and stover except K content in grain and S content in stover at P40S30 level. However, the P content in grain at P80S60 and P content in stover at P120S90 and their uptake as well as total P uptake at the same level and total K uptake were found significantly superior to P40S30. The Mo content in stover at P80S60 and P120S90 was found significant over control. The increasing level of Mo application significantly increased the P, K, S and Mo content in soybean grain and stover and their uptake except 1.0kg Mo levels for Mo content. Increasing level of P and S significantly increased the N, P, K, and Mo uptake by grain and stover and total N and S uptake and S uptake by stover over control except N and K uptake by grain at P40S30. The total N uptake at P120S90 was found significantly superior to P40S30. Increasing levels of Mo significantly increased N, K, S and Mo uptake by grain, stover and total N uptake over control. The increasing level of P and S decreased the P efficiency. The maximum P use efficiency of 11.31% was found at P40S30 level which was significantly reduced at P120S90 but the P use efficiency between P80S60 and P120S90 was found at par. The maximum P use efficiency of 11.35% by soybean was observed at control which was significantly reduced at 1.0 kg Mo application. The application of higher than P40S30 levels significantly decreased the available P and S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Long Term Application of Fertilizers and Manure on Nitrogen Fractions in a Vertisol
    (JNKVV, 2013) Kushwaha, Satyabhan; Sawarkar, S.D.
    ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted during the year 2011-12 under All India Coordinated Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at the Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, College of Agriculture JNKVV, Jabalpur to study the “Effect of long term continuous application of fertilizers and manure on nitrogen fractions in a Vertisol” under soybean-wheat cropping scheme. The field experiment being conducted under AICRP on LTFE with 10 treatments only 8 were for this study Viz. 50%, 100%, 150% NPK, 100% NP, 100% N, 100% NPK+FYM, 100% NPK-S and Control, replicated four times in a randomized block design. The recommended dose (100%) of NPK for soybean and wheat is 20:80:20 and 120:80:40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. These nutrient were applied through urea, super phosphate (DAP for sulphur free treatment) and muriate of potash were applied to provide N, P and K respectively. Organic manure as FYM applied @ 15 t ha-1 only to soybean crop (kharif season). The finding of the experiment revealed that the physicochemical properties like soil pH and EC have not changed substantially even after repeated application of fertilizers for the last 39 years breaking the myth that fertilizers have adverse effect on soil health. The fertility of the soil appears to have been adversely affected due to the use of imbalanced fertilizers (elimination of either PK or K or S). However, the use of balanced fertilizers either alone or integrated with organic manure (FYM) have helped in improving the organic carbon content of the soil, which is an indicator of soil health improvement. The successive addition of N fertilizer increased the available N status and N fractions from its initial status and highest deposition (1912.96 Kg ha-1) in the treatment receiving 100% NPK+FYM followed by 150% NPK (1818.88 kg ha-1). While the lowest status was recorded where fertilizer was not added 1398.07 (kg N ha-1) at the 0-15 cm. Soil depth all the fractions decreased with increasing soil depth. The results on relationship between inorganic forms of N and availability of N showed that N application increased available N in the soil. Further, N fractions were significantly correlated with productivity of soybean and amongst the various forms of N, available-N, inorganic-N,total hydrolysable-N, hydrolysable ammonical-N, hexose amine and hydrolysable ammonical-N, hexose amine-N, amino acid N, unidentified hydrolysable-N and non-hydrolysable-N was positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon. The highest crop productivity of (soybean) was recorded with balanced NPK applied with FYM. Various forms of nitrogen fractions, total hydrolysable-N is the present on mineralizable forms as compared to other form.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Pratilachlore, Penoxsulam and Pyrazosulfuron Herbicides on Persistence and Yield of Paddy Grown on a Vertisol
    (JNKVV, 2013) Nagwanshi, Anil; Dwivedi, A.K.
    Abstract The present investigation were undertaken to know the in rotation and received pretilachlore 750 g a.i. ha-1, penoxsulam 25 g a.i. ha-1, and pyrazosulfuron 25 g a.i. ha-1, NPK @ 120:60:60, kg ha-¹ for the respective paddy crops, as per soil test value recorded at the start of the experiment. The fertilizers used are urea, di ammonium phosphate and murate of potash. An experiment was conducted on Evaluation of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron herbicide on persistence and yield of paddy grown on a vartisol. The study was carried out during Kharif season of 2012-2013 at experimental farm of Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur. The treatments included application of various herbicide applied to paddy crop @ pretilachlore 750 g a.i. ha-1, penoxsulam 25 g a.i. ha-1, and pyrazosulfuron 25 g a.i. ha-1 and weedy and hand weeding. The study was aimed to evalued the pattern of dissipation, persistence and residue in soil as well as in grain at harvest. The experiment was consisted of 5 treatment with 4 replications laid out in Randomized block design. In the present study soil samples were collected from 0- 20 cm depth at initial, during crop growth of the crop with an interval of 0, 5, 10, 30, 60,90 days and at harvest. The samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters The result revealed that there is no variation was found in the values of soil pH and EC due to application of variable amount of herbicide Thus, the opinion that herbicide and inorganic fertilizers deteriorate the soil health is disapproved. On the other hand organic carbon content in the surface soil was found to be increased with application of different treatments at harvest was found between 6.0 to 7.4 g kg-1 and highest organic carbon was found in weedy plots. Similarly data on soil available nitrogen content at 60 days was found 237.79, 238.39, 241.46, 235.14, and 239.83 kg ha-1 in T1 (pretilachlor 750 g a.i. ha-1), T2 (penoxsulam 25 g a.i. ha-1), and T3 (pyrazosulfuron 25 g a.i. ha-1) treatments respectively. While, the available P content was found a range 10.75 to 34.66 (kg ha-1) in 0-20 cm soil surface layer in all the treatments. The highest content was recorded with application of penoxsulam treatments. However, similar trend was noted in the content of soil available soil K status. High sulphur content was recorded in herbicide treated plots (T2 penoxsulam 25 kg ha-1 and weed free plots (T5) in comparison to the weedy plots (T4). As regarded to the observation on persistence residue and dissipation study reveals that higher content of residue was found in sample taken at initially as well as during growth period with an interval of 5 days exhibited successive depletion of herbicidal residue with progressive growth of the crop till harvest. HPLC method for detection for persistence residue and dissipation indicated that a first order kinetics was followed and the average half life values ranged for pretilachlor 750 g a.i. ha-1), T2 (penoxsulam 25 g a.i. ha-1), and T3 (pyrazosulfuron 25 g a.i. ha-1) were 15, 26 and 24 days respectively. It has also been found that residues of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron were not detected in grain and straw sample of paddy at harvest. .
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Different Levels of Zn on Yield and Quality of Soybean {Glycine max (L.)}
    (JNKVV, 2013) Aherwar, Hemlata; Kulhare, P.S.
    ABSTRACT The present study “Effect of different levels of Zn on yield and quality of soybean {Glycine max (L.)}.” during Kharif season of years 2011-12 was carried out in collaboration with All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Micro, secondary nutrients and pollutant elements in soils and plants. A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of JNKVV, Jabalpur during Kharif 2012-13. To study the effect of Zn levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg Zn ha-1) on growth and yield parameter of soybean, Zn content and uptake at various growth stages, yield, protein and oil content of soybean. The Zn treatments replicated five times in a randomized block design. The soybean (JS97-52) seed were sown @ 80 kg ha-1 on 13.7.12 with basal dose of 20-80-20 N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. The Zn doses as per treatments were applied at the time of sowing. The application of increasing levels of Zn in general significantly increased plant height, number of leaves per plant, dry matter weight per plant, Zn content and uptake at different growth stages of soybean and soybean yield over control. However, the plant height at 15 DAS, Zn content in grain, stover and their Zn uptake by soybean, oil content and grain yield significantly increased with 5.0, 7.5 and 10 kg Zn ha-1 over control. The significantly higher plant height was observed with 7.5 and 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 over control at 45 DAS. Whereas the plant height at 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 was found significant over control as 90 DAS. The increasing levels of Zn significantly increased the number of leaves over control at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS except with 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 at 15 DAS. However, the number of leaves with 7.5 and 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 were found significantly superior to 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 at 15 DAS. However, 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 was found significantly superior to 2.5 and 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 for number of leaves at 90 DAS. The number of pods per plant with 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 was found significantly superior to 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 at 60 DAS. The test weight of grain was found significantly at 7.5 and 10 kg Zn ha-1 over control. The Zn content in plant at 15 and 30 DAS and soil organic carbon with 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 were found significantly superior to 2.5 kg Zn ha-1. The Zn uptake at 30, 45 and 90 DAS with 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 was found significantly superior to 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 but it was found at par with 5.0 kg Zn ha-1. Crude protein content in grain was found significantly higher with 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 over control but it decreased significantly with 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 over 7.5 kg Zn ha-1. The oil content with 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 was found significantly higher than that at 5 kg Zn ha-1. The yard stick value of soybean significantly increased with 5 kg Zn ha-1 over control but decreased significantly with 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 over 5.0 kg Zn ha-1. However soil O.C with 10.0 kg Zn ha-1 was found significantly superior to 5.0 or 7.5 kg Zn ha-1. The available Zn in soil successively and significantly increased with increasing levels of Zn.