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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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201320
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Subject: Horticulture × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Effect of Post Harvest Treatment on Shelf-Life and Quality of Langra Mango
    (JNKVV, 2013) Ahirwar, Dinesh Kumar; Singh, Rajesh
    ABSTRACT Present experiment entitled “Comparative performance of summer green gram (Vigna radiata, (L.) Wilczek) varieties against insect pest complex.” was carried out at Experimental Field of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, during summer season 2012. The experiment was conducted with the following objectives: 1. Recording seasonal incidence of insect pests on summer green gram and observing the correlation of pest population with temperature and R.H. 2. Evaluation of comparative performance of different green gram varieties against insect pests during summer. 3. Recording the incidence level of yellow mosaic virus and whitefly as a vector in different varieties of green gram. 4. Observing the influence of morphological features and chemical composition of green gram varieties on population level of insect pests. In present experiment six insect species were observed infesting green gram crop at different stages of crop growth during summer season of 2012. These pests included sap feeders viz., white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), jassids Empoasca kerri, thrips Taeniothrips sp., green stink bug, Nezara viridula, pod sucking bug, Anoplocnemis phasiana and Field cricket, Gryllus sp. Out of these, the first three pests were recorded on different varieties. The infestation of jassids started from third week of April at 15 days after sowing (DAS) with an average population of 1.28 adults/6 leaves. Highest population was observed in fourth week of May with an average 3.88 adult/6 leaves at 50 DAS and thereafter population of the pest declined gradually till the maturity of the crop. The infestation of thrips started from third week of April at 15 DAS with the average population of 0.80 adults/6 leaves and continued till the end of the crop season. Highest population (6.96 adults) was observed in third week of May at 42 DAS. Thereafter population of the pest decreased gradually till the end of crop season. The infestation of white fly started from third week of April (15 DAS) with an average population of 2.40 flies/10 cm twig. The population of the pest gradually increased up to third week of May (5.55 flies/10 cm twig) at 50 DAS and the pest remained active till the maturity of the crop. Jassid population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r=0.79), thrips population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and evaporation (r=0.93 and 0.86 respectively) whereas significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r=-0.78). Whitefly population did not show significant correlation with any of the abiotic factors studied. Eight varieties namely Pusa Vishal, PDM-11, K-851, HUM-1, Ganga-8, TJM-3, TM-37 and LGG-460 were sown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. Population of insect pests namely jassids, Empoasca kerri , thrips, Taeniothrips sp. and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, were recorded at 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50 and 57 days after sowing. Overall mean population of these pests indicated significant differences on different varieties. Significantly lower jassid population per 6 leaves was recorded on K-851 (1.32), followed by Pusa Vishal (1.48), and PDM-11 (1.57) that were at par. Highest jassid population per 6 leaves was recorded on variety Ganga-8 (2.06). Significantly lowest thrips population per 6 leaves was recorded on K 851 (1.25), followed by PDM-11(1.38) and Pusa Vishal (1.41) that were at par. Highest thrips population per 6 leaves was recorded on variety TM-37 (1.93). Significantly lowest white fly population per sample (10 cm twig) was recorded on HUM-1 (2.00) followed by PDM-11 (2.25) and LGG-460 (2.35) that were at par. Highest white fly population per sample was recorded on variety TM 37 (3.30). Yellow Mosaic Virus incidence were observed to work out the percent leaves infected/sample plants. Significant differences were observed in percent leaf infestation by YMV among varieties. Lowest leaf infestation was observed on HUM-1 (7.49%), followed by PDM-11 (8.98%), which was at par with LGG-460 (13.05%), Pusa Vishal (19.76%), and K-851 (21.67%). Highest percent leaf infestation was observed on variety TM-37 (32.54%), which was at par with, Ganga-8 (30.28%) and TJM-3 (25.07). No specific morphological character, in different varieties of green gram was found to influence the pest population. The highest amount of phenol content was estimated in leaves of variety HUM-1 (14.77 mg/g) that had the minimum incidence of whiteflies population (2.00/10cm twig) and MYMV disease (7.49%). It revealed that the variety was tolerant one. The highest amount of total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar was estimated in variety TM-37 (3.57 mg/g, 2.27 mg/g and 1.30 mg/g respectively) and this variety was highly susceptible to MYMV incidence. Whereas the lowest amount of total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar were estimated in variety K-851 (2.55 mg/g, 1.19mg/g and 1.36mg/g respectively) and this variety was tolerant one to MYMV incidence.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Inorganic, Organic and Biological Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-323
    (JNKVV, 2013) Dhakad, Neerendra Singh; Bose, U.S.
    ABSTRACT The present research experiment entitled: “Study the effect of different insecticides with plant growth regulators on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea” was conducted during rabi season 2012-13 at breeding farm, Adhartal college of Agriculture, JNKVV Jabalpur (M.P.).The research experiment was analyzed in a R.B.D. design. The research experiment studied on population dynamics, per cent parasitization and control of the gram pod borer with some insecticides with plant growth regulators. To record the population dynamics of pest, weekly observations on larval population were made on per mrl. The early instar larvae of H. armigera were observed on chickpea plants during 52nd (fifth week of December 2012), at vegetative stage of the crop (0.20 larva/mrl). Pest activity continued till 13th SW (fifth week of March, 2013) i.e. maturity of the crop. Maximum (2.93) larvae/mrl were observed during 8th SW. Thereafter gradual decreasing trend in larval population was observed. Significant positive correlation between Helicoverpa armigera larval population and minimum temperature, rainfall, Vapour pressure morning and evening, (0.667, 0.608, 0.992 and 0.806) was observed. In natural per cent parasitization studies only one species of parasitoid Campoletis chlorideae was found to parasitize on Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea. The peak per cent parasitization (35 %) was recorded in the month December, 2012 (5th SW) at vegetative stage of crop. The minimum per cent parasitization (10 %) was recorded two times in the 6th SW (2nd week of February 2013) and 13th SW (5th week of March 2013). All the insecticidal treatments proved to be effective in reducing overall larval population, chlorantraniliprole performed best recording lowest population (0.61 larva/mrl), followed by NAA + Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Emamectin benzoate, NAA + Indoxacarb, Indoxacarb, NAA + Flubendiamide, NAA + Profenophos, NAA + Emamectin benzoate and Profenophos (0.69, 0.72, 0.81, 0.87, 0.88, 0.92, 0.93, 0.96 and 0.97 larva/mrl) respectively. Where as NAA + Urea treated plots recorded higher larval population i.e. (2.42 larvae/mrl). The untreated control recorded significantly highest larval population (4.09 larvae/mrl). The lowest larval population, highest seed yield, maximum net return and highest B:C ratio was recorded in that treatments hence to control the Helicoverpa armigera pest Chlorantraniliprole, NAA + Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide Emamectin benzoate and Indoxacarb can be recommended.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Studies on the Effect of Different Dates of Pruning on Growth Yield and Fruit quality of Guava Under High Density Planting Cv. Allahabad Safeda
    (JNKVV, 2013) Pandey, Shalini; Singh, Jagdish
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled Studies on the seasonal incidence and eco-friendly management of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci L.) was conducted at Vegetable research farm , Maharajpur , Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswavidyalaya Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during Rabi season of 2010-11. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications .The treatments consisted of three botanicals(i.e.Neem crude oil, Pongamia crude oil and Dasparni ), to microbials (i.e. Bauvaria bassiana and spinosad ), a chemical check (Profenofos) and a control . All the recommended agronomical practices were followed to raise onion crop ( variety Agri-found light red) . Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 100:50:50:50 kg/ha of NPKS respectively Level of pest incidence was significantly high in field and the crop did not receive any insecticidal treatment till start of the treatment. The seasonal incidence of T. tabaci was studied by recording the thrips population per plant at weekly interval after transplantation till the harvest of the crop. The insect incidence was correlated with weather factors to understand the population dynamics. Efficacy of different botanicals and microbial insecticide against T. tabaci was evaluated using different treatment .Foliar application of pesticides on the crop was carried out five times at interval of 10 days. First pesticide application was done 30 days after transplanting. The sprayer was calibrated before use to regulate the quantity of spray solution as per requirement. Observations on thrips were recorded before and after each spray. there were seven mentioned treatments replicated thrice. Observations were taken one day before treatments (pre-treatment) on 5th and 10th days after each spray.The sampling unit for recording the thrips population was innermost leaves of per plant and 10 plant selected from each plot and replications . Mean thrips population under different treatments was subjected to the analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. The marketable yield from each treatment was recorded and analyzed using standard statistical procedure of variance at 5% level of significance. To know the most economical and effective insecticides for the management of thrips the cost of treatments were worked out us per prevailing market rates. The first appearance (1.60 thrips/plant) of T. tabaci on the onion crop was observed during 6th standerd metrological week (1st week of February) when the crop was 44 days old. During this period maximum and minimum temperature was 29.6 and 9.90 C, respectively. The relative humidity was 85% (morning) and 36% (evening). The sunshine, rainfall and number of rainy days were 9.5 hrs , 0.00 mm and 0 days respectively . After the initial low population,there was and increase (7.63 thrips/plant) up to 7th standard meteorological week (2nd week of February ). The peak population (42.33 thrips /plant) was noticed during 10th standard meteorological week (1st week of March) during this period maximum and the minimum temperature was 32.1 and 13.60C,respectively.The relative humidity 82% (morning) and 34% (evening). The sunshine, rainfall and number of rainy days were 8.8 hrs, 0.00 mm and 0 days respectively. When the crop was 72 days old the population began to decline (23.79 thrips/plant) in the 11th standard meteorological week (2nd week of march) when the crop was 79 days old. There was positive and significant correlation between onion thrips with maximum temperature (0 C) and rainy days. Mean of 10 observations had shown significantly difference with respect to nymphs and adult population of thrips under different insecticidal treatments. All the treatments were found to be statistically superior to untreated control (30.13 thrips/plant). However among all the treatments, lowest thrips population (1.78 thrips/plant) was recorded in Spinosad 4.5 ml/litre of water, followed by Profenofos 2 ml/litre of water with 3.77 thrips/plant. Neem crude oil 40 ml/litre of water was next better treatment having 5.85 thrips/plant. Pongamia crude oil, Dasparni and B. bassiana were less effective for controlling of thrips with 13.73, 15.19 and 15.70 thrips/plant. Highest cost benefit ratio 1:5.70 was recorded in the treatment of Spinosad 4.5 ml/litre of water. Application of Profenofos 2 ml/litre of water registered the cost benefit ratio 1:3.43, the cost of benefit ratio in remaining treatments are 1:2.25, 1:1.48, 1:1,44 and 1:1.06 and hence these treatments proved less economical.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Growing Media and GA3 on Seed Germination, Growth and Survival of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia swingle ) var. Kagzi
    (JNKVV, 2013) Vishwakarma, Deepshikha; Sharma, T.R.
    ABSTRACT Present research work on “Ecofriendly management of major insect pests of soybean” (Glycine max (L.) Merrill was carried out in the experiment field of Department of Plant breeding and genetics, Adhartal, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P) during kharif season 2011-12 with the objectives, to study the seasonal incidence of major insect pests of soybean, screening of soybean varieties/genotypes against major insect pests and to study the impact of integration of biopesticides and chemical insecticides for the management of major insect pests of soybean Incidence of whitefly started from 30th SW (4th week of July) with an average population of 0.83 whitefly/trifoliate leaf and remained active till the maturity of the crop.Correlation of whitefly population with meteorological parameters did not exhibit significant influence. Incidence of Jassid started from 32nd SW (1st week of August) with an average population of 0.36 jassids/trifoliate leaf. The population of the pest gradually increased up to 36th SW (1st week of September). Maximum population was observed 1.0 jassid/trifoliate leaf during 37th SW (2nd week of September).Correlation of jassid population with meteorological parameters did not exhibit significant influence. The incidence of Gesonia gemma started in the 32nd SW (1st week of August) with an average of 0.66 larvae/mrl. The maximum activity was noticed during 35th SW (4th week of August) 1.33 larvae/mrl.Correlation of Gesonia gamma with meteorological parameters indicated that minimum temperature and morning relative humidity exhibit significant positive correlation Incidence of the Chrysodeixis acuta during the season was very low, it started in the 33rd SW (Second week of August) with an average of 0.22 larvae/mrl. The maximum activity was noticed during 37th SW (second week of September) with an average of 0.66 larvae/mrl. Correlation of Chrysodeixis acuta population with meteorological parameters did not exhibit significant influence. The incidence of Spodoptera litura started in the 34th SW (3rd week of August) with an average of 0.22 larvae/mrl. However, attained its peak during 38thSW (third week of september) 2.33 larvae/mrl. Correlation of S. litura with meteorological parameters indicated that, minimum temperature, evening relative humidity exhibited significant negative correlation. The incidence of stem fly observed in 32nd SW (1st week of August) and recorded 30% infested plants with 4.87% stem tunneling. Correlation of stemfly with meteorological parameters did not exhibit significant influence. On the basis of sucking pest population JS-20-38, JS-97-52, JS-95-60, JS-20-35 and JS-20-41 were less susceptible against whitefly. While NRC-37 and JS-335 were less susceptible against jassids. On the basis of larval population of soybean defoliators JS-93-05, JS-20-29, JS-95-60, JS-20-34, JS-20-41, JS-335, JS-97-52 and JS-20-38 were less susceptible against G. gemma. JS-93-05, JS-97-52, JS-20-41, JS-95-60, JS-20-29, JS-335 and JS-20-38 were less susceptible against C. acuta. Variety/genotype JS-93-05, JS-95-60, NRC-37, JS-20-35, JS-20-34 and JS-20-29 were less susceptible against S.litura. JS-93-05, JS-97-52, NRC-37 and JS-335 recorded significantly higher grain yields i.e. 2733.33, 2263.33, 2223.33 and 2186.67kg/ha respectively, in compression to rest of the varieties/genotypes. While significantly lower yield was recorded from JS-95-60, JS-20-41, JS-20-38, JS-20-35, JS-20-29 and JS-20-34. Maximum grain yield was recorded in JS-93-05, (2733.33 kg/ha) followed by JS-97-52, NRC-37 and JS-335 (2263.33, 2223.33 and 2186.67kg/ha respectively), in compression to rest of the varieties/genotypes. While significantly lower yield was recorded from JS-20-34 (1950.00kg/ha) and was on par with that recorded from rest of the varieties/genotypes. Treatment Triazophos 40EC @ 800ml/ha sprays twice at 10 days interval, Beauveria bassiana @ 1kg/ha and after 10 days Triazophos 40EC @ 800ml/ha and Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 3kg/ha and after 10 days Triazophos 40EC @ 800ml/ha were found to be most effective in controlling defoliators and sucking pest. Also, these treatments recorded higher grain yield (1610.93 kg, 1590.62 and 1559.92 kg kg/ha respectively) with net return Rs. 8134.9, Rs. 6304.6 and Rs. 6939.6/ha and CBR 1:4.06, 1:2.74 & 1:2.68 respectively.