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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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20141
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Subject: Horticulture × Author: Verma, Vikas × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2014 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield onion (Allium Capa L.) cv. N-53
    (2014) Verma, Vikas; Bose, U.S.
    ABSTRACT Onion(Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable crop grown all over world. Onion belong to the family Amaryllidaceae. Its genus is Allium and species is cepa. Its is bulbous annual plant for bulb production and biennial for seed production. The crop is very useful for human beings because it has several nutritional and medicinal values. It contains vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, iron, fibers, pungency, is onion is due to volatile oil contain i.e. Allylpropyl disulphide (C6H12O2). The onion is useful throughout the year as salad, culinary purposes for flavouring as spices in pickles, sauce and vegetables. Keeping to the above facts in view, the present research work “Response of different nitrogen levels and spacing on growth and yield of onion(Allium cepa L.)” cv. N-53 has been undertaken with the following objectives: 1. To find out the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of onion. 2. To study the optimum plant spacing for quality bulb production. 3. To evaluate the combined effect of nitrogen doses & spacing of onion. The present investigation entitled “Respones of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield of onion ( Allium cepa L.) var.N-53 was conducted at Nusery area Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rewa during rabi 2012-13. The experimental was to work out the optimum requirement of spacing and nitrogen along with economic viability of the best treatment for onion. The soil of the experimental field was medium black with pH 7.5, organic carbon 0.56 percent , available nitrogen 238.33 kg/ha, available phosphorus 18.0 kg/ha available potassium 304 kg/ha and available sulphur 2.166 kg/ha. The four levels of nitrogen (0,40,80,120 kg/ha) and three spacing (15x5,15x10,15x15cm) were tasted in randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The sowing was done on 08/11/2012. Forty five days old seedlings were transplanted in main field 23/12/2012. The row to row and plant to plant distance were as per treatments. Proper water management, plant protection and weed control measures were followed uniformly in all the plots. The crops was harvested during the end of april 2013 by up rooting the matured plants in each treatment. The observations on growth parameters viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant and diameter of neck were recorded at the successive growth stages at the interval of 15 days from after transplanting upto 90 days. The yield and yield attributing characters viz. bulb weight(fresh and dry) and bulb diameter were recorded chlorophyll content and leaf area index were also recorded. The economic viability of treatment was also determined. Tabulation and statistical analysis of data recorded on previous characters was done for the interpretation of result. The salient findings of the present investigation are summarized as below. Growth parameters The growth parameter viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, width of neck were increased steadily and multi-fold, general in all treatments, with the advancement of plant growth and development up to the crop maturity. At 75 days stage, the plant height ranged from 54.96 to 68.22cm, number of leaves 11.02 to 14.73 plant, with of neck 1.55 to 1.78cm and in different treatments. This may be due to differences in the supply of nutrients and other factors from different plant spacing and nitrogen levels. Effect of plant spacings The different plants densities 15x5, 15x10 and 15x15cm spacing between plants(5,10 and 15cm) exerted significant impact upon the plant height, number of leaves/plant as well as width of neck at all the stages of observation. Adoption of wider spacing gives more space to plants, which can derive more nutrients from the soil and may help in more photosynthetic activities. Ten cm plant spacing gave 285.82q/ha yield as compared to 15x5 and 15x15cm plant spacing, whereas maximum bulb diameter(6.02cm), number of roots(74.07 plant) and fresh bulb weight(95.71g) were obtained from 15x15cm plant spacing. Length and weight of roots was also found maximum under 15x15cm spacing. Effect of nitrogen doses The nitrogen levels revealed significant changes in plant height, number of leaves and neck width at every stage of observations. The N level up to 120kg/ha increased the height(68.25cm), number of leaves(14.73/plant) and width of neck(1.78cm). The nitrogen levels revealed significantly maximum changes in chlorophyll content index and leaf area index. The significantly higher differences were recorded in fresh and dry weight of leaves, number and length of roots and fresh weight of roots. The significantly maximum bulb yield(305.95q/ha) was obtained from 120 kg N/ha. Yield attributing parameters The yield attributing characters viz., diameter of bulb and fresh weight of bulb were found to significantly due to plant spacing and nitrogen levels as well as their interactions. 120kg N/ha with 15x15cm plant spacing provided 5.75cm diameter of bulb as well as 77.74g fresh weight of bulb which were significantly maximum to other interactions. Productivity of onion The increase in plant spacing up to 15x15cm significantly increased the weight of bulb and diameter of bulb but the maximum yield(285.82q/ha) was obtained at 15x10cm plant spacing due to maximum number of plants. Each increase in nitrogen levels resulted in significantly increase in bulb yield. Thus at 120kg N/ha, the bulb yield was highest(305.95q/ha). Economical gain The crop sown in 15x10cm plant spacing applied with 120kg N/ha registered highest bulb productivity up to 321.68q/ha with the highest net income up to Rs.109307/ha with B:C ratio 3.12. The 15x10cm plant spacing gave net income of Rs.92113/ha and 120kg N/ha gave Rs. 101447/ha which were maximum with B:C 2.81 and 2.96, respectively. CONCLUSION The onion variety N-53 transplanted at 15x10cm plant spacing applied with 120kg N/ha gave the maximum bulb yield (321.68q/ha), net income (Rs.109307/ha) with B:C ratio up to 3.21. The second best combination was 15x5cm plant spacing with 120kg N/ha (315.65q/ha), Rs.106292/ha income and 3.06 B:C ratio under the existing agro-climatic condition of kymore plateau of Madhya Pradesh. SUGGESTIONS 1. In order to confirm the validity of these results the experiment should be repeated for few more years at different location in sulphur deficient soils. 2. The nitrogen doses may be increased up to 140 kg/ha in soils having higher N deficiency.