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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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2013 - 20143
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Subject: Agroforestry × End date: 2016 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Production potential of turmeric under different cultural practices in guava based agrihorticulture practice of agroforestry
    (JNKVV, 2014) Hembram, Jayashree; Jain, K.K.
    ABSTRACT It is needless to emphasize the importance of agroforestry, at the present time when the country is facing a great shortage of fodder, fuelwood, timber etc. In addition, there is also a need for environmental and nutritional security through planting fruits. In this situation, agroforestry system will bring about sustained production and risk minimization due to failure of agriculture crop. In agrihorticulture system of Agroforestry, yield of field crop reduced gradually with increase in tree age. This is because of spreading in tree canopy resulting into reduced crop yield grown underneath the tree. Yield of crop can be increased by manipulation of agronomical practices like selection of appropriate variety, increasing seed rate and fertilizer dose. Thus, the development of agro-techniques for underneath growing crop like turmeric is urgently needed to increase the production under agroforestry systems. A proper understanding of the crop character, plant height, stem diameter, length and width of fingers per rhizome is important. The study was carried out at Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) to evaluate the effect of planting method, time of earthing and environmental condition on the production of turmeric (Curcuma longa). The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations consisting of methods of planting viz., raised bed, flat bed, furrow bed and time of earthing (30 and 45 DAP) under open and shaded condition in all possible combinations were tested in RBD (factorial) with three replications. Planting of turmeric cv. Suroma with raised bed method of planting gave maximum fresh rhizome yield (9279.4 kg ha-1) under agrihorticulture practices of agroforestry.The time of earthing at 30 DAP increased the yield attributing characters and fresh rhizome yield to 8430.9 kg ha-1 of turmeric under agrihorticulture practices.The shaded environmental condition produced maximum fresh rhizome yield (8491.2 kg ha-1). The increased in yield under raised bed method of planting was due to more favourable environmental condition viz., aeration, root proliferation, light interception, drainage, better nutrient uptake and availability of better soil condition which has helped in increasing the growth and yield attributing characters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of fingers per rhizome. The net monetary returns and profitable cost benefit ratio was maximum in raised bed method of planting turmeric under agrihorticulture practice.Growing of turmeric with guava i.e., Agroforestry system produced higher net returns (Rs 596740/ha) under raised bed method of planting than growing of turmeric alone (Rs 556740/ha) and guava (Rs 41000/ha) under agrihorticulture practice.On the basis of above findings it may be concluded that the increase in yield of turmeric could be predicted more under shaded condition as compared to open condition. Hence, more productivity of turmeric may be achieved if grown under shaded condition of agroforestry compared with open condition. Under shaded condition the correlation coefficient amongst different growth characters on fresh yield of turmeric has significant positive association with stem diameter (0.9605) followed by length of fingers (0.9579). The width of fingers had negative correlation ( 0.2115), but it was non-significant. Different growth characters viz., plant height, stem diameter, LAI, number of fingers and Length of fingers had positive and significant association except number of fingers. Width of fingers had negative and non-significant correlation with plant height ( 0.3443), stem diameter ( 0.2311), LAI ( 0.2830), number of fingers ( 0.3197) and length of fingers (-0.2535). The regression analysis revealed that, the linear increase in fresh turmeric yield was predicted with plant height, stem diameter, LAI, number of fingers, length of fingers and the increase in yield of turmeric could be predicted by 0.04, 0.39, 1.16, 0.49 and 1.57, kg ha-1, respectively with the increase of one unit of each parameter (Table 11). The decline in fresh turmeric yield could be predicted by 0.70 kg ha-1 with increase in width of fingers by one unit under shaded condition in guava based agrihorticulture practice of agroforestry. Stem diameter followed by length of fingers, plant height and LAI are the most important character towards the prediction of yield. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) for stem diameter is 0.92 followed by length of fingers is 0.91, plant height is 0.89 and for LAI is 0.87 which approaches to 1 and is found to be highly significant so it may be called as best predictor towards the contribution of fresh turmeric yield. Under open condition the correlation coefficients amongst different growth characters on fresh yield of turmeric had significant positive association with plant height (0.9314), stem diameter (0.7937), LAI (0.8551), and number of fingers (0.7129). The length of fingers (0.6364) whereas, the width of fingers (0.0930) was found to have positive association but it was non-significant. The width of fingers has negative association with length of fingers (-0.1396) but it was non-significant. The regression analysis revealed that the linear increase in fresh turmeric yield was predicted with plant height, stem diameter, LAI, number of fingers, length of fingers, and width of fingers/rhizome, the increase in yield of turmeric could be predicted by 0.16, 0.43, 1.57, 0.60, 0.49, 0.21 kg ha-1, respectively with the increase of one unit of each parameter under open condition in guava based agrihorticulture practice of agroforestry. Plant height is the most important character towards the production of yield. The value coefficient of determination (R2) for plant height is 0.86 which approaches to 1 and is found to be highly significant here so it may be called as the best predictor towards the contribution in fresh turmeric yield. Merely the 14% variation in the turmeric yield can be explained by other independent characters towards the fresh turmeric yield. On the basis of above going finding it may be concluded that the increase in yield of turmeric could be predicted more under shaded condition as compared to open condition. Hence, more productivity of turmeric may be achieved if grown under shaded condition of agroforestry compared with open condition.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of different pruning intensities of dalbergia sissoo on wood biomass production and yield of paddy verieties under agrisilvicultre sstem agrogorestry
    (JNKVV, 2014) Thakur, Anand; Koshta, L.D.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Influence of different pruning intensities of Dalbergia sissoo on wood biomass and yield of paddy varieties under agrisilviculture system of agroforestry” was carried out during Kharif season 2012 at Dusty Acre Area, Department of Forestry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.). The main objectives of this study was to find out the most appropriate pruning intensity Dalbergia sissoo for maximum production of paddy under agrisilviculture system, assessment and identification of the suitable paddy variety grown under D. sissoo and evaluation of economic viability of the system. The total 15 treatments viz. 5 pruning intensities (4 pruning treatments + 1 open) in main plot and 3 paddy varieties in subplot IR 36, MR 219, WGL 32100 were tested in strip plot design with 4 replications. Various observations on growth parameters in crop viz., germination percentage plant height; number of tillers/meter row length and yield attributes viz., effective tillers/meter row length, panicle length, number of grains/panicle, number of filled grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were recorded. In tree, various parameters viz., height, dbh, canopy spread in N-S, E-W direction, pruned biomass, cylindrical volume and stand biomass of trees were recorded. The economics of the treatments were also determined in terms of cost of cultivation, gross monetary return, net monetary returns per hectare area basis and benefit : cost ratio. Significantly highest grain and straw yield of paddy was recorded under open condition (32.40 q ha-1 and 67.70 q ha-1 respectively) where no pruning recorded Significantly lowest grain and straw yield (14.10 q ha-1 and 35.50 q ha-1 respectively) and the reduction in grain and straw yield due to shade was 56.48 % and 47.56% respectively. Among different pruning intensities, 75% pruning produced Significantly maximum grain yield (27.10q ha-1) and straw yield (58.90q ha-1) followed by 50% and 25% pruning. No pruning recorded lowest grain (14.10q ha-1) and straw yield (35.50 q ha-1). The percent reduction in grain yield under no pruning, 25%, 50% and 75% pruning over open (no tree) was 56.48%, 45.37%, 33.02% and 16.35% respectively. Paddy Variety MR-219 recorded significantly higher grain yield (26.33 q ha-1) than IR-36 (22.13 q ha-1) which in turn was significantly superior to WGL-32100 (19.30 q ha-1). The percent reduction in grain yield under IR-36 and WGL-32100 as compared to MR-219 was 15.95% and 26.69% respectively. 25% pruning recorded highest dbh (23.10cm), cylindrical volume (187.26m3 ha-1) and stand biomass (173116 kg ha-1) but at par with no pruning. Managed agroforestry system i.e. growing of crop with D. sissoo in different pruning intensities i.e. paddy + sissoo in 25% was more profitable (Rs. 39935 ha-1) as compared to crop alone (34642 ha-1) , unmanaged agroforestry system i.e. no pruning (Rs 34201ha-1) and tree alone (Rs 22400 ha-1).