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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur
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ThesisItem Open Access ThesisItem Open Access Studies of the effect of nitrogen levels on yield and economics of direct seeded rice varieties(JNKVV, 2015) Chaturvedi, Mudita; Mishra, C.M.ThesisItem Open Access A study on attitude of rural youth regarding participation in agricultural activities of Patan block of Jabalpur district (M.P.)(JNKVV, 2015) Jayapuria, Debasis; Khare, N.K.According to population census 2011, India had total youth population of 325.2 millions, which is 35% of the total population. Out of this, about 70% were rural youth and remaining 30% were urban youth. As majority of the youth comes from rural areas, they are considered as the nation builders of tomorrow. This important section of the rural population can respond to the needs of country only if they are offered fruitful opportunities for growing up as useful citizens. With a growing world population and a decreasing agricultural productivity in combination with a rural exodus, India is losing more than 2000 farmers every single day and that since 1991, the overall number of farmers has dropped by 15 million (Sainath, 2013). This has several implications for the future of Indian agriculture and India’s food security. Rural youth can play an important role in ensuring food security if they are encouraged to involve in farming and the challenges they face are addressed. Over the past few years, rural youth have been shying away from agriculture and globally there is an increasing interest in finding ways of engaging youth in agriculture (IFAD, 2012; Paisley, 2013). Currently, there is a challenge of retaining youngsters in agriculture due to various socio-economic factors, including profitability in agricultural pursuits. It has become imminent to reorient agricultural practices to make them intellectually satisfying and economically rewarding for the youth. Nearly 70% of India's population is below the age of 35 years making India the youngest nation in the world and interestingly 70% of them live in rural areas. In 2020, the average Indian will be only 29-years-old, whereas in China and the United States of America the average age is estimated to be 37 years. We may utilize this demographic dividend for taking Indian agriculture to new heights by channelizing the creative energies of the youth through development of skills, knowledge and attitudes. The study was taken as Jabalpur district, Patan block revealed that maximum of rural youth had favourable attitude regarding participation in agricultural activities. Though youth have desirable qualities that can promote agriculture, most of them have strong apathy toward it. The age, caste, type of family, size of family, education, marital status, farming experience, involvement in decision making, social participation, annual income, cosmopoliteness, contact with extension agent, source of information, economic motivation, scientific motivation and risk preference had significant association with attitude of rural youth regarding participation in agriculture only size of land holding found to be non significant. This study revealed that various constraints were found among the rural youth. So, categorizations were made i.e. in social constraints, participation in other social activities and lack of inclination towards traditional job considered to be the major social constraints. Similarly, in psychological and technical constraints, lack of patience and lack of appropriate technology and its use considered to be the major one. Further in economical, extension related and other constraints, price fluctuation, untimely reaching of message and migration of rural youth considered as major constraints. As per suggestions are concerned categorization were made i.e. in technical and economical suggestions, special concerns should be taken on climate change and prices of crops should be change according to the farmers’ convenience considered to be the most frequent suggestion given by the respondents. Similarly in case of extension related and psychological suggestions, Scientists should visit the farm and solve problems with proper demonstrations and be motivated for innovation in agriculture considered to be the major suggestions to be concerned. Finally in other and social suggestions, timely diffusion of adoption process for enhancing agriculture and seniors should guide rural youth emerged as the major suggestions replied by the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access A study on impact assessment of adoption of weed management practices by the farmers of Saikheda block of Narsinghpur district(JNKVV, 2015) Shrivastava, Varsha; Khare, N.N.ABSTRACT Weeds are the most severe and widespread biological constraint to crop production and causes invisible damage till the crop is harvested. They compete with crops for soil moisture, nutrients, solar radiation and space, and thus reduces the crop yield and degrade the quality of produce besides raising cost of production. Weeds also act as alternate hosts that harbour insects, pests and diseases and other micro-organism. Total losses caused by the agricultural pests, weed contribute to as high as 37 per cent. Enhancing food and feed production to meet the demands of increasing population is possible only when biological constraints such as weed are understood properly and alleviated by evolving and implementing appropriate management strategies. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to evaluate impact on adoption of weed management practices among the farmers and identify constraint by the farmers while adopting weed management practices. The present study “A study on impact assessment of adoption of weed management practices by the farmers of Saikheda block of Narsinghpur District (M.P.)” has been undertaken with the following specific objectives :- 1. To know the profile of selected farmers. 2. To assess the impact of weed management practices. 3. To determine the extent of adoption of weed management practices. 4. To work out association between dependent and independent variable. 5. To identify constraint in adoption of weed management practices and suggestions to overcome them. In order to achieve these objectives, the investigation was carried out in Saikheda block of Narsinghpur district. Khursipar, Kamti, Pittehra, Gardha and Khairi villages were selected randomly for study. By using random sampling method 120 farmers were selected from 5 villages, from each villages respondents were selected by proportionate random sampling method. Data were collected with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. These were analysed by investigator using frequency, percentage, mean, Z test, chi- square and rank order. Conclusion In case of profile of selected farmers most of the farmers were belong to middle age group, acquired up to higher secondary education, having medium operational land holding, having farming as an occupation and having low annual income. In case of farm power most of the farmers have medium farm power, grown 3-4 crops in a year, having medium information source, having low extension participation and majority of farmers had high knowledge about weed management practices. In case of economic viability on the basis of cost of cultivation and cost of specific IWM practices, maximum farmers had medium economic viability and had medium drudgery level. In case of impact assessment of weed management practices most of the farmers had high adoption of weed management practices and due to adoption of weed management practices major weed, severity of weed and production losses was decreased. Due to adoption of weed management practices Farmers were growing more 3-4 crops and 5 crops in a year and yield of crops were increased and area, in sugarcane crop has been increased than other crops. In case of extent of adoption of weed management practices it is cleared from study that before intervention all respondents were doing hand weeding while after intervention of weed management practices almost all farmers were adopted chemical method to control weeds. After intervention of weed management practices more than half of the farmers adopted hand weeding and before intervention of weed management practices most of the farmers used bakhar to control weed, whereas after intervention most of the farmers used tractor drawn implement for mechanical weeding. It is concluded from study that before intervention of weed management practices some of the farmers applied 24-D in wheat crop and no one used herbicide to control weed and after intervention soybean growers and pigeon pea growers applied pursuit herbicide, very few farmers applied nomineegold to control weed in paddy, in wheat farmers were applied 24-D and sugarcane growers applied 24-D and metribuzin. The association between independent variable like education , operational land holding, occupation, annual income, farm power, cropping pattern, information source of utilization, knowledge of weed management practices, economic viability based on cost of cultivation and cost of specific integrated weed management practices were found to be significant with adoption of weed management practices, whereas age, extension participation and drudgery level found to be non-significant association with adoption of weed management practices. In case of reactions of the farmers all the respondents said that weed is major obstacles in crop production and integrated weed management gives better weed control and yield than traditional method. Most of them said that integrated weed management was not time consuming and costly affairs. Farmers were also aware about the preventive measures, where no one farmers known about quarantine law. While all the farmers agreed with that weeds gave shelter to insect and deteriorate quality of seed. All selected farmers said that chemical method was most economical than other methods. It is also found in the study that no one farmers applied herbicide during high wind and cloudy weather and farmers applied spray when moisture present in the field. Most of the farmers applied herbicide at recommended dose, used less than required quantity of water and most of the farmers used knapsack sprayer and flat fan nozzle to spray herbicides. All the herbicide adopters used fresh water for herbicide application and most of the respondents express that labourer availability is to some extent. The major constraint reported by the farmers for adoption of weed management practices was there is no recovery mechanism to recouped the crop if anything happened wrong due to use of herbicide, fear about residual effect on next crops, supply of spurious/adulterated material, high cost of herbicide, lack of knowledge about the precautions during spray, lack of awareness about IWM practices, less risk bearing capacity about new technology, social fear about use of herbicide, high labour charges, lack of proper technical knowledge about herbicides, lack of information on method of herbicide application. To overcome from these constraint training and demonstration should be provide regular basis and information about herbicide application and IWM practices should be publicise regularly.ThesisItem Open Access A study on impact of drip irrigation technology on income of vegetable growers in Chhindwara block, district Chhindwara, (M.P.)(JNKVV, 2015) Ojha, Uttam Chand; Singh, Kinjulck C.The drip irrigation is one of the new devices for the judicious use of water especially in fruit and Vegetable crops. It saves 30-70 percent water than other methods and has water use efficiency (WUE) of about 90-95 per cent (Narayanmoorthy 2010). Vegetable crops require frequent irrigation and wetted soil condition, if they are grown in sandy soil that has low water holding capacity and high infiltration rate. Under these circumstances, drip irrigation is only suitable method than other. By using this method the vegetables can be grown in area where the water is limited. If the irrigation water is saline then drip irrigation method is useful. This method provides water directly to the root zone therefore crop is escaped from the incidence of weeds and diseases resulting increase in yield automatically. This method is useful for the area where the vegetables are grown on hilly/sloppy places. Among the vegetables, Tomato crop is growing successfully under drip irrigation system and has beneficial effect of it on tomato crop. under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system, tomato was the most popular followed by lettuce, peas, sweet corn, melons, potato, cabbage, beans, squash, carrot, onion, broccoli, and asparagus (Singh et al 2010). Objectives 1. To study the socio-economic and personal characteristics of selected vegetable growers using drip and non-drip irrigation technology. 2. To determine the extent of adoption of drip irrigation technology. 3. To study the impact of drip irrigation technology on production and income of selected vegetable growers. 4. To assess the relationship of independent variables with income of selected vegetable growers. 5. To analyze the constraints faced by selected vegetable growers in adopting drip and non-drip irrigation technology. Methodology To a c h i e ve t h e s e o b j e c t i ve s , t h e r e s e a r c h i n ve s t i g a t i o n wa s c o n d u c t e d i n C h h i n d wa r a b l o c k o f C h h i n d wa r a d i s t r i c t ( M . P . ) . T h e d i s t r i c t c o m p r i s e s o f 11 b l o c k s . O u t o f wh i c h C h h i n d wa r a b l o c k w a s s e l e c t e d p u r p o s i ve l y b e c a u s e t h e b l o c k h a d s u f f i c i e n t n u m b e r o f ve g e t a b l e g r o w e r s u s i n g b o t h d r i p a n d n o n - d r i p i r r i g a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y. F i v e vi l l a g e s we r e s e l e c t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f c r o p g r o wn b y t h e s e l e c t e d r e s p o n d e n t s . T wo t yp e s o f f a r m e r s w e r e s e l e c t e d i n e q u a l n u m b e r f r o m t h e e a c h s e l e c t e d v i l l a g e wh o w e r e u s i n g d r i p a n d n o n - d r i p i r r i g a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y . T h e s i z e o f s a m p l e wa s 8 0 i . e . 4 0 d r i p ve g e t a b l e g r o w e r s a n d 4 0 n o n - d r i p ve g e t a b l e g r o w e r s . F o r t h e r e s e a r c h p u r p o s e 1 4 i n d e p e n d e n t va r i a b l e s n a m e l y a g e , e d u c a t i o n , s i ze o f l a n d h o l d i n g , a r e a u n d e r d r i p i r r i g a t i o n s ys t e m , f a r m i n g e x p e r i e n c e o f d r i p i r r i g a t i o n , a n n u a l i n c o m e f r o m a l l s o u r c e s , e c o n o m i c m o t i va t i o n , s o u r c e o f i n f o r m a t i o n , e xt e n t o f a d o p t i o n r e g a r d i n g d r i p i r r i g a t i o n , c o n t a c t w i t h e xt e n s i o n a g e n c i e s , s c i e n t i f i c o r i e n t a t i o n , c r e d i t f a c i l i t i e s a va i l e d , t r a i n i n g r e c e i v e d a n d a t t i t u d e t o wa r d s d r i p i r r i g a t i o n . T h e p r i m a r y d a t a we r e c o l l e c t e d w i t h t h e h e l p o f p r e - t e s t e d i n t e r v i e w s c h e d u l e . The collected data was analyzed through the statistical methods viz. frequency, percentage, mean, S.D., t-test, and correlation etc. 1. Socio-economic and personal characteristics of selected vegetable growers using drip and non-drip irrigation technology. The study revealed that majority of the respondents from both the groups belonged to middle age (36 -55 years). As regard to education, majority of the drip users (55.00 %) possessed higher secondary and above level of education whereas higher percentage of non -drip users (60.00%) were h aving education up to high school education. It indicates that drip users possessed more formal education than non -drip users. The findings regarding size of land holdings, majority of both the groups drip and non-drip users owned medium size (2.1 to 4 ha) of land holdings The findings regarding area under drip irrigation system, majority (42.50%) of the drip users had area up to 1 ha under drip irrigation system. As regard to farming experience of drip irrigation, higher percentage of drip users (50.00%) were having medium (3 to 4 years) experience of drip system. The result of present study reveals that the higher percentage of drip users (42.50%) had medium income from all sources whereas higher percentage of non-drip users (52.50%) had low income from all sources. The findings regarding economic motivation, majority of both the groups drip and non-drip users had high level of economic motivation. As regard to source of information both the group of drip and non - drip users (57.50%) had medium level of source of information. Nearly half of the drip users (47.50%) had the medium level of adoption of drip irrigation technology. The higher percentage of drip users (55.00%) was having medium level of extension contact whereas higher percentage of non -drip users (42.50.00%) was having less contact with extension agencies. The findings regarding scientific orientation, majority of both the groups drip and non-drip users had medium level of scientific orientat ion. The majority of drip users (82.50%) and non -drip users (65.00%) availed credit facilities. The majority of drip users (62.50%) had received training whereas majority of non-drip users (67.50%) had not received training. The higher percentage of drip users (60.00%) had medium favorable attitude towards drip irrigation and also non -drip users (50.00%) were having medium favorable attitude towards drip irrigation. T-value for the variable like, age, size of land holding, and credit facilities availed had non-significant differences between drip and non-drip users and education, annual income from all sources, scientific orientation, attitude towards drip irrigation, production and income had found to be significant at 0.01 probability level and had significant differences while economic motivation, source of information, contact with extension agencies and training received had to be found significant at 0.05 probabality level and had significant differences. 2. Extent of adoption of drip irrigation technology Nearly half of the drip users (47.50%) had the medium extent of adoption of drip irrigation technology. 3. Impact of drip irrigation technology on production and income of selected vegetable growers The drip using farmers had got 62.13 per cent more production of tomato crop than the farmers who had used another method of irrigation except drip for irrigating tomato crop. And the drip using farmers had got 69.41 per cent more income from tomato crop than the farmers who had used another method of irrigation except drip for irrigating tomato crop. 4. Relationship of independent variables with income of selected vegetable growers Regarding drip users, age had negative and non-significant relationship with income and annual income from all sources, had positive and non- significant relationship with income and education, size of land holdings, economic motivation, source of information, contact with extension agencies, credit facilities availed, scientific orientation, training received and attitude towards drip irrigation system had positive and significant relationship with income of vegetable growers. Similarly, in case of non-drip users, age, education, annual income from all sources and sources of information had positive and non-significant relationship with their income and size of land holdings, economic motivation, contact with extension agencies, scientific orientation, credit facilities availed, training received and attitude towards drip irrigation system had positive and significant relationship with income. 5. Constraints faced by selected vegetable growers in adopting drip and non-drip irrigation technology Economic constraints High rate of wages (87.50% and 72.50%) had perceived as a major constraint by both drip and non-drip user. Higher cost of liquid fertilizers (85.00%) was the major constraints for drip users. Lack of money for purchasing drip unit (57.50% and 75.00%) was another major constraint for both drip and non-drip users and lack of credit facilities (22.50% and 37.50%) was the last major economic constraint for both the group. Market related constraints Low market rate (85.00% and 95.00%) was perceived a major constraint by drip and non-drip users. High initial cost of drip unit (75.00% and 90.00%) was the second major constraint. Lack of good quality spare parts (32.50%) was another major constraint for drip users. Lack of dealers of drip unit (17.50% and 30.00%) was last major market related constraint for both drip and non-drip user. Technical constraints Clogging of drippers and emitters after some time (87.50%), damaging and cracking of laterals (75.00%) and lack of training about drip system were found to be major constraints for drip farmers. Lack of knowledge about drip system (30.00%) and lack of training facilities about drip system (17.50%) perceived as a major problems by the non-drip farmers. Extension related constraints No availability of information from RHEO (35.00% and 50.00%) were the major constraints for both drip and non-drip users. Another major constraint was no help from agriculture department (30.00% and 45.00%) for both types of farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the effect of crop establishment methods and weed control measures on growth and yield of little millet (Panicum sumatrense)(JNKVV, 2015) Tripathi, Preeti; Mahajan, G.