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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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1994 - 199912010 - 20192
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Author: Kumari, Suman × Start date: 1975 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on women work participation in rural area Pusa Block, samastipur district
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 1994) Kumari, Suman; Tiwari, R.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Production and marketing of Banana crop in Vaishali district of Bihar
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), 2019) Kumari, Suman; Mishra, R.R.
    The present study aim at studying the production and marketing of banana in vaishali district of Bihar, both primary and secondary data formed the base of the study. Primary data were collected from 100 banana growers, located in five randomly selected villages of purposively selected Bidupur block and Hajipur block of Vaishali district. The respondents were grouped into four size categories Viz. marginal, small, medium and large farmers based on their size of holding. The secondary data were collected from various published and unpublished sources. The data related to area, production and productivity of banana crop were collected for the period of 2006 – 07 to 2015 – 16. For detailed analysis the whole period was divided into two sub periods i.e. period I (2006-07 to 2011-12) and period II (2011-12 to 2015 -16). The study was designed with the main objective of estimating the costs involved in banana cultivation and returns from banana production. Significant positive growth in area production and productivity of banana in Bihar was observed during the overall period 2006-07 to 2015 -16, The area under banana increased at the rate of 0.96 per cent per annum and 0.84 per cent per annum in period I and period II for the state of Bihar. Growth in productivity of banana registered an increasing trend during period II but it decreased at the rate of -0.75 per cent during period I. Growth of production of banana also showed increasing trend production of banana increases at the rate of 2.97 per cent and 0.08 per cent per annum in period I and period II respectively. The growth in area, production and productivity of banana exhibited almost similar trend in area case of Vaishali district. But production (-2.13 per cent) and productivity (-2.54 per cent) decreased during period II probably because of infestation of viral disease are „fusarium wilt and panama wilt. It was observed that total cost of cultivation for marginal, small, medium and large banana grower was RS.129244, Rs. 126103, Rs. 135937 and Rs. 142114 respectively. On an average 55.00 of banana was produced on one hectare of land. The same time no. of banana was 4518. Gross income from per hectare of banana cultivation was estimated at 423694 Rs./ha and net return was 290544 Rs. per hectare. Cost of production of banana fruits was calculated at Rs. 221.0/ qtls. Cost of production of sucker was estimated at Rs.2.60 per suckers. Cost benefit ratio on an average was found out to be 1:3.17 About 98.46 per cent of produce was found to be marketable surplus in banana. Three marketing channels were identified for marketing of banana in the study area. The channels were, channel -1 (Producer – village trader – wholesaler –Retailer – Consumer), channel –II (Producer – wholesaler – Retailer – consumer) and channel –III (Producer – v8illage trader – wholesaler – consumer). Out of three channels channel – I was observed to be most important channel as more than ( 78.11 per cent) of produce was disposal off through channel I and remaing (73.50 per cent ) of produce was marketed through this channel III, than that channel – II ( 71.78 per cent ) channel –I (67.06 per cent). The marketing efficiency of channel – I, channel – II and channel – III was observed to be 1.16, 1.46 and 1.50, respectively. It indicated that marketing channel – III operated more efficiency in comparison with channel –II and channel –I. On an average cultivation of banana generated 149.64 man days per hectare per year. Out of that 102.23 man days i.e. (68.39 per cent) was claimed by male labours whereas 47.41 man days (31.69 per cent) was share of female labours. Operation wise analysis of the number of man days generated in cultivation of banana indicated that male labours played a dominant role in activities like land preparation, irrigation, ear thing -up, spraying of plant protection chemicals, fencing and harvesting. On the other hand female labours had a larger share in employment in weeding of banana (72.78 per cent) and a substantial share (46.98 per cent) in fertilizer application. However, male labours had also a substantial share (32.81 man days per hectare) employment generated in pit digging. The major constraints in production of banana were inadequate amount of rainfall during summer season, incidence of viral diseases and damage of crop due to high wind velocity. In the marketing of banana, farmers face the problems such as location of markets far away from farm, frequent fluctuation in prices of banana about prices of banana in different markets intermediaries and delays in payment after sale etc.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physio-biochemical Response of Salt Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes during Germination
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) Kumari, Suman; Mandal, M. P.
    The present investigation was carried out to screen different genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during seedling growth stage and to identify some useful physiological parameters for selection of the tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes against salt stress. The salt solution was prepared by using NaCl:CaCl2:Na2SO4 in the ratio of 7:2:1(w/v) and its electrical conductivity of different salinity levels were maintained on direct reading conductivity meter. Paddy seeds were sterilized by soaking in 0.1% HgCl2for four minutes thoroughly washed with de-ionized water and germinated in petri-dishes with blotting paper at 25±2°C. Screening of 22 genotypes was done on the basis of Germination per cent, Germination Relative Iindex (GRI), Vigour index (VI) & Mobilization efficiency (ME). Out of these four rice genotypes belonging to two groups viz. tolerant and susceptible were subjected to different salt stress condition 0.0, 8.0, 12.0 dSm-1 .The impact of salt stress on 10-day-old seedling of rice genotypes was evaluated on the basis of certain physiological and biochemical parameters under laboratory condition. Salt stress of paddy was examined on seed germination and seedling growth of four (kishori, Rajshree, Marcha & Jeeravati) rice genotypes, the salt solution reduced seed germination and seedling growth of rice seeds. On the value of per cent reduction in seed germination, GRI, ME and VI the inhibitory effect of different salt stress was maximum in susceptible genotypes ( Marcha and Jeeravati ) followed by tolerant genotypes ( Kishori and Rajshree). On an average, the germination percentage, germination relative index, vigour index of tolerant genotypes was 86.22, 595.39, 918.09 and 43.41 significantly higher than that of susceptible genotypes 77.22, 512.33, 745.98 and 46.27, respectively. Salt stress of paddy showed inhibitory effect on reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugar, peroxidase, soluble protein content, catalase activity, potassium and phosphorus content and stimulatory effect on starch content, total free amino acids, protease activity, proline content, sodium content and sodium potassium ratio of rice seedlings.