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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20201
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Author: Kumari, Shyama × End date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stability analysis and molecular profiling of drought tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Kumari, Shyama; Mishra, S.B.
    Thirty four genotypes of rice were evaluated for various morpho-physiological characters and to investigate the microsatellite markers based polymorphism for their profiling and differentiation using polymorphic and informative markers in order to estimate the extent of genetic diversity among these rice genotypes. Experimental materials were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2017-18 & 2018-19. Molecular characterization was done by targeted amplification of the genomic DNA using a panel of fifteen microsatellite primer pairs. Statistical methods and parameters used for deriving inference were analysis of variance, range, mean values, relative mean performance, variability parameters, correlation and path coefficients. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters evaluated during present study. Considerable extent of variability existed for all the attributes recorded among the genotypes. Analyses of variance revealed that 34 genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varied significantly for 21 mopho-physiological traits showing sufficient variability among themselves for all environments. Wider range was recorded for number of grains per panicle followed by straw yield per plant, grain yield per plant, fresh root weight, while minimum range was observed for the traits root volume, canopy temperature, panicle number per plant and leaf drying indicates the presence of variability among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of the characters in different proportion indicated influence of environment for expressions of traits. High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance (as percent of mean) for FRW, DRW, LR and LD indicated the preponderance of additive effects of gene. GYP-1 and SYP-1 had shown moderate heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance indicated that presence of additive and non-additive gene action while rest of the traits has shown low heritability coupled with low genetic advance indicated the expression of the traits are being influenced by the environments. Number of grains per panicle, straw yield per plant and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with grain yield comprising their positive and high direct effect on grain yield suggesting that these traits may be considered as a prime trait during the course of selection for the improvement of yield under drought stress condition; while leaf rolling and leaf drying exhibited negative and significant correlation with grain yield comprising their negative high direct effect suggesting that the genotype/genotypes having high score may not be encouraged for selection under drought stress condition. Based on multivariate analysis, maximum inter cluster distances were observed between cluster III and cluster IX. The genotypes viz., IR 91648-B-89-B-81-B, IR 95781-15-1-1-4 and IR 95122:13-B-7-4-7-3 were present in cluster III as well as the genotype present in cluster IX (GSR IR1-DQ139-R1-L2) so these genotypes may be intermated to develop heterotic recombinants for enhancing the number of tillers per plant, panicle number per plant, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant and straw yield per plant, root length, root volume, fresh root weight, dry root weight as well as to reduce the score of leaf rolling and leaf drying to develop the drought tolerant genotypes while to reduce the canopy temperature and to enhance the chlorophyll content as well as spikelet fertility genotype IR 96279-33-3-1-2 may be used in crossing programme. Pooled analysis of variance for different studied characters between the genotypes exhibited significant variation for most of the characters indicated the presence of genotypic variation in the studied rice genotypes. Significant environmental variation was observed for all the characters indicated environmental conditions were fluctuating in nature. The linear components of G x E interaction was found highly significant for most of morpho-physiological characters indicating that these characters were unstable and fluctuated in their expression with change in environment. Total eight stable genotypes out of 34 genotypes noticed for yield stability in poor/rich environments. In poor environment 4 genotypes viz. IR 83140-B-11-B, IR 95795-53-1-1-2, IR 95793-5-2-2-3 and IR 93849-22-3-1-1 had shown stability suggesting that these genotypes may be utilized for cultivation under drought stress condition with poor management whereas in rich environments IR 95785-31-2-1-2, GSR IR1-DQ62-D6-D1, IR 95785-15-2-1-2 and IR 93856-10-2-3-2 were found stable for grain yield indicating that these genotypes may show promise under drought stress condition with good management. One genotype IR 89889-34-2-1-1 exhibited average stability for panicle number per plant suggesting that this genotype may be used to have the optimum number of panicles per unit area for poor/rich environment under drought stress condition. It revealed from dendrogram that germplasm Rajendra Nilam falling with varieties Sahbhagi Dhan and Rajendra Bhagwati together there is possibility of existing many traits to be similar whereas, the genotypes Abhishek, IR95817-14-1 and GSRIRI-DQ12 falling extremely apart from whole of the cluster shows the possibility of discovering new traits in them which could be further assisted in breeding programme.