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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: Kumari, Ranju × Start date: 1977 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Hemiptera Lophopidae) – Biology and resistance in sugarcane genotypes
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumari, Ranju; Chand, Hari
    Pyrilla perpusilla biology and resistance in sugarcane genotypes experiments were conducted during 2016-17. The biology of Pyrilla perpusilla was conducted in the laboratory in the Department of Entomology and the field experiment was laid out at Pusa Farm Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa to assess the resistance in different genotypes of sugarcane. Biology of pyrilla under laboratory condition revealed that the eggs were oval and laid in cluster on the under surface of leaves near midrib. Egg cluster length ranged from 12 to18 mm and covered with white fibrils of wax. Freshly laid eggs were white in colour and turning pale yellow prior to hatching. The incubation period were recorded 7 to 9 (8+ 0.4) days. Fecundity was recorded 600 to 800 with an average of 700 + 44.7. The per cent hatching of eggs ranged from 79.2 to 93 (86.1 ± 3.0) per cent. The nymph passed through five nymphal instars to complete the nymphal stage. Total nymphal period ranged from 38 to 56 (47 + 4) days. Nymphs were soft bodied possessing two anal filaments and they gradually increased in size and their colour also changed with an increase in size. Pyrilla perpusilla male and female adults both were almost similar only differ in their size and longevity. Female adults were found to be bigger and also longer longevity than male. Total life cycle of pyrilla from egg to adult was completed within a period of 71 to 99 days with an average of 85 + 6.2 days. The maximum (26/leaf) population of nymphs and adults of pyrilla were recorded on the genotype BO 130 followed by CoP 11438 (23.2/leaf), 23.0/leaf on BO 91 and 21.0/leaf population on CoP 9301 genotype which were highly susceptible based on grade scale, while three genotypes weremoderately susceptible (CoP 11436, CoLK 09204 and CoLK 12209) and remaining seven genotypes were less susceptible (CoP 11437, CoSe 11451, CoSe 95422, CoP 13438, CoP 13439, CoSe 13453 and CoSe 13454) among 14 selected sugarcane genotypes on the basis of nymph and adult population build-up. The absolute population of egg masses, nymphs and adults of pyrilla were noticed in the field from first fortnight of April to second fortnight of November, first fortnight of March to second fortnight of November and second fortnight of March to second fortnight of November, 2016, respectively. The peak population of egg masses (6.6/leaf) and nymph (5.3/leaf) were recorded in the second fortnight of August, 2016, while peak population of adult (21/leaf) was recorded in the first fortnight of August, 2016. The relationship between population of insect (egg, nymph and adult) and weather parameters showed highly significant positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature i.e. temperature increased the corresponding population of insect also increased. Remaining weather facters(relative humidity at 07 and 14 hrs and rainfall) showed non-significant correlation with population of pyrilla. Various physio-morphic plant-characters(leaf width, leaf length, leaf spines density, cane length, cane diameter)were determined from the fourteen selected genotypes in a view to ascertain the role of these factors towards the resistance/susceptibility against the pest.The leaf-spine density showed highly significant negative correlation with population (egg masses, nymph and adult) of the insect whereas, leaf -width and leaf-length showed highly significant positive correlation. It is clearly indicated that thesugarcane varieties having less leaf spine density;longer and wider leaves are more susceptible for pyrilla population build-up.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Manifestation of heterosis in relation to genetic divergence and isozyme pattern in maize
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, 2012) Kumari, Ranju; Sharma, Vinoy Kumar
    An investigation was carried out to assess the extent of genetic divergence, heterosis manifestation, relation between heterosis and genetic divergence and inbreeding depression using eight inbred lines of maize. These eight parental lines including five quality protein maize (QPM) and three non-QPM inbreds were crossed in all possible combinations excluding reciprocal to generate twenty eight experimental hybrids. Twenty eight advanced generation (F2) progenies were developed by selfing. The experimental materials consisting of eight inbreds, 28 F1’s , 28 F2’s and a check were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications under timely and late sown conditions. The observations for plant height, ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernels weight were recorded on five random plants in each replication, whereas observations for days to 50 % tassel emergence, days to 50% silk emergence and days to 50% maturity were recorded on plot basis. An analysis of variance indicated the existence of highly significant differences among the entries in respect of all the characters studied under timely and late sown conditions and across the dates of sowing. Six isozyme systems, namely peroxidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, catalase, amylase and alcohol dehydrogenase were used for characterization of eight maize inbred lines. Isozyme pattern of peroxidase, catalase and amylase were also compared amongst the eight parental lines and fifteen single cross experimental hybrids generated from these eight inbreds. Peroxidase and catalase isozyme patterns were found to be useful in distinguishing hybrids from parental lines. An analysis of divergence using isozyme patterns based similarity coefficients and morpho-agronomical traits based average taxonomic distances reflected the existence of considerable genetic divergence among the eight inbred lines. A comparison of dendrograms obtained under timely and late sown conditions and across the date of sowing indicated a close correspondence in the clustering patterns of inbred lines. The effect due to variation in the date of sowing in the form of timely and late sown conditions did not influence the clustering pattern of maize inbreds to a considerably greater extent. Eleven experimental hybrids recorded significantly higher mean performance and significant standard heterosis for grain yield. Heterosis manifestation in most of the cases was found to be associated with simultaneous heterosis in ear length, number of kernels per row and 100 kernels weight. Keeping into consideration greater magnitude of heterosis, higher mean performance and lesser magnitude of inbreeding depression in respect of yield per plant, five crosses, namely, CM 300 x CML 142, CM 300 x CML 144, CM 300 x CML 150, CM 300 x CML 176 and CML 150 x CML 144 were identified for their further utilization in maize improvement programme for the development of superior inbred lines.