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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: Kumari, Archana × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An impact study of male migration on role of women in rural society.
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumari, Archana; Singh, Meera
    Migration is a form of movement from one location to another. Migration of the male from rural areas to the urban areas is a common phenomenon and is on the rise. Migration is the barometer of changing socio-economic condition at the state, national and international level. Migration is essential for development. Migration occurs mainly due to differences in the levels of the living and employment opportunities between the rural areas and the urban growth centres. Migration from the state is almost exclusively that of the male population and is embedded in the lives and life choices of the people under the given circumstances. Male migration from the rural areas may make heavy demand on women who are left behind and are required to shoulder all household responsibilities and production activities. It has been found that the decision making pattern of women of all category of households have also changed due to male out- migration. Women have been more active in absence of their husbands who have migrated to other places. Women of out- migrant nuclear household enjoy more freedom and actively participate in all decisions related to home in general and farming & livestock in particular.Male migration has been quite a catalyst in enhancing women's mobility. Women of migrants family have greater physical mobility and find increased opportunities for dealing with various activities.However the changed circumstances of women in the migrant families have made them more confident and independent in managing their lives.Keeping in the view of above facts, the present study is undertaken with the following objectives: Objectives 1. To know the socio-economic profile of the women heading migrants and non-migrants family. 2. To study the impact of migration on role and status of women in family and society. 3. To understand the constraints faced by migrants family. 4. To assess the factors influencing the role and status of women in migrants and non-migrants family. Methodology The study on impact of male migration on role of women in rural society has been conducted in the Samastipur District of Bihar state.There are altogether 20 blocks in Samastipur district. Out of which two blocks Pusa and Kalyanpur were selected purposively. From the two selected blocks two villages from each block were selected. A total number of 4 villages were selected purposively from the selected blocks. Fifteen migrants family from Dighra and 15 non-migrants family from BirauliKhurd were selected from Pusa block.From Kalyanpur block 15 sample respondents from migrants family were selected from Ladaura and 15 non-migrants family selected from Fulhara.Thus total 30 respondents from each of migrants and non-migrants family were randomly selected, further making a total of sixty(60) sample from the villages. Major findings The study reveals that majority of migrants family respondents were of middle age group(36.66%)and belonged to schedule caste(40%)followed by non-migrants respondents (43.33%) were old age group and belonged to backward caste (53.33%) migrants and non-migrants both respondents were illiterate(70%) and (53.33%) respectively and both having nuclear families(63.33%) and (60%) respectively. migrants and non-migrants both respondents were having marginal land (53.33%) and (63.33%) respectively, migrants family respondents had up to 2 children whereas non-migrants family respondents had 3-5 children.Majority of migrants family respondents (60%) were having income in the range of 50,001-1,00,000/- and non-migrants family respondents (63.33%) were having income in the range of up to 50,000/-.Migrants family respondents were engaged in labour work i.e. 63.33 per cent .Whereas (60%) non-migrants family respondents were engaged in agriculture work.Majority of migrants (50%) were having income in the range of Rs. 50,001-1, 00,000/ and they had migrated in search of job/better opportunities. Majority (26.66%) of migrants were engaged in construction work, (56.66%) were contract labourer, (66.66 %) were working 6-8 hours daily and 53.33 per cent worker had get monthly payment.(60%) respondents had communicated with migrants weekly and cent percent respondents using mobile/telephone as mode of communication. The migrants family respondents had participated more in household as well as farm and allied activities. They have become more involved in taking decisions. Women who live in nuclear families make more household decisions than women in joint families.Migrants family women have greater physical mobility. They had gone alone outside the home to carry out the various activities. The socio-economic variables such as family size, family type and number of children had negative impact on the decision-making role of migrants family women whereas family type had negative and social participation had positive impact on the decision-making role of non-migrants women. Caste, number of children and family size had negative impact on the migrants family women’s mobility whereas family income, family occupation and social participation had positive impact on women’s mobility. The extent of participation of non-migrants family was affected by family occupation.Among social and personal constraints, increased work burden (86.66%), lack of education (76.66%) and lack of land –holding were major constraints faced by migrants family women. Unavailability of remittances when necessary was major economic constraints and feeling of anxiety due to absence of male member was also a major psychological constraints faced by the respondents of migrants family. Conclusion Based on findings of this research migration of men has brought about several changes in the work women do-within and outside their household.Womenof migrants family had taken all household responsibilities besides farm and other activities on their shoulder. They had more managerial ability than the women of non-migrants family. They had more involved in decision-making as well as they had more physical mobility.