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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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2016 - 20183
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Author: Kumar, Chandan × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Management of Maydis leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium maydis
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2018) Kumar, Chandan; Chand, Phool
    Maize (Zea mays L.) popularly known as queen of cereals because of its high genetic yield efficiency, important human nutrient, element for animal feed etc. Maydis leaf blight disease of maize causes considerable losses to the maize crop. The present investigations on “Management of Maydis leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium maydis” were undertaken to explore the possibilities of fungicides in vitro and in vivo for the management of Maydis leaf blight disease of maize. Out of the 224 genotypes including 3 sus. check for each maize hybrid were screened under artificial inoculated conditions, 1 genotype appeared resistant, 37 genotypes were moderately resistant to Maydis leaf blight, 87 genotypes were rated as moderately susceptible and 102 genotypes were found susceptible. Among nine fungicides evaluated at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250) in vitro against H. maydis by poisoned food technique, Propiconazole showed 100 per cent inhibition of mycelia growth were recorded at 150, 200 and 250 ppm followed by Mancozeb which caused 93.88 per cent inhibition at 250 ppm and minimum inhibition was recorded in copper Oxychloride at all the concentrations except 200 ppm . All fungicides screened under in vitro, were further evaluated under field conditions against Maydis leaf blight disease. Propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1% and Mancozeb 75%WP@0.2% were found most effective in reducing the Maydis leaf blight (PDI of 18.51% and 29.62% respectively), as compared to control (85.17% PDI). Effect of date of sowing and plant spacing on maydis leaf blight disease were also observed and recorded. Among all the treatments D2S3 (Sowing date 15 July with 70 cm. row spacing), D3S3 (Sowing date 25 July with 70 cm. row spacing) and D2S2 (Sowing date 15 July with 60 cm. row spacing) were found most effective in reducing the Maydis leaf blight (PDI of 33.33%, 40.73% and 44.44% respectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Hetoric grouping for photo-thermal response in relation to yield and yield attributes in green gram (vigna radiata L. Wilczek)”
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Kumar, Chandan; Mishra, S. B.
    The present investigation in green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) was undertaken with a view to examine the extent of heterosis and to elucidate the combining ability effects of parents and their hybrids using half diallel (excluding reciprocal) mating design. The initial experimental materials consisted of forty genotypes selected from different sources. Based on morpho-physiological traits and agro-meteorological indices, six diverse parents exhibiting differential response to heat stress were selected and their fifteen crosses were evaluated in randomised block design for terminal heat stress during summer, 2016 at Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur. Analysis of variance of forty genotypes for the first season clearly indicated that, there were highly significant difference among the genotypes for all the traits studied. The range of difference in mean value was comparatively wide for almost all the morpho-physiological traits and agro-meteorological indices showed greater extent of variability among the genotypes for these traits. Heat use efficiency (HUE) showed significant and positive association with seed yield (SY) and indicated that their effective utilization for screening of heat tolerant lines in green gram. Most of the characters were mutually and significantly correlated with each other and these characters must be considered to enhance their yield potential and selection for terminal heat tolerant genotypes in green gram. Regression analysis revealed that the traits like, photo thermal index (PTI) and heat use efficiency (HUE) recorded maximum values of R2. The step-down regression analysis showed 93.30 per cent adjusted R2 indicating the sufficient variation possessed by these traits/indices. Based on index score two tolerant genotypes from index IV (Pusa Baisakhi and SML-668), two moderately tolerant genotypes from index XV (NDM-12-308 and Pusa Vishal) and two susceptible genotypes from index X (IPM-99-01-10 and Pusa-1231) were selected as diverse parents with Samrat as heat tolerant check and were used in crossing programme. Analysis of variance for parents and hybrids showed highly significant mean sum of square due to genotypes for all the characters. It indicated existence of significant difference among the genotypes for the characters studied. An examination of per se performance of parents and crosses revealed that parents viz., Pusa Baisakhi, SML-668, NDM-12-308 and Pusa Vishal had exhibited high mean performance for seed yield and other yield attributes. The analysis of variance for combining ability showed that gca and sca variances were highly significant for most of the characters. The ratio of σ 2g/σ 2s revealed that all the characters manifested less than unity which indicated preponderance of non-additive genetic effect for inheritance of these characters. The estimates of general combining ability suggested that parents Pusa Baisakhi and SML-668 were good general combiner for seed yield and yield attributes. As regards to specific crosses combinations Pusa Baisakhi X IPM-99-01-10, Pusa Vishal X IPM-99-01-10, Pusa Baisakhi X SML-668 and Pusa Baisakhi X Pusa Vishal recorded high per se performance along with significant sca effects. These crosses also exhibited highly significant standard heterosis for seed yield and its component traits which may be utilized for further breeding programme. Based on parental diversity and heterotic response the parents separated by high genetic distance (D2) showed high heterobeltiosis in their hybrid combinations. However, the parents separated by medium to low genetic distance exhibited medium to low heterobeltiosis for seed yield. So for planning future breeding programme for higher seed yield under terminal heat stress in green gram, diverse parents should be taken into consideration.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Design, Development and Evaluation of Continuous type Ohmic Heating Unit for Liquid Foods
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2016) Kumar, Chandan; Kumar, Vishal
    The concept of ohmic heating obeys Ohm’s law (V = IR). The passage of electric current through an electrically conductive food material results in heat generation due to the electrical resistance of the foods on basis of joule’s law [H= I2Rt = .A continuous type ohmic heating unit was designed for volumetric/processing capacity of 10±5 l/s and which can be able to elevate the temperature up to 25±5 0C. Concentric tubes (2 Nos) with inner tube diameter 5 cm; outer pipe 7.5 cm and length 1.25 m was selected based on preliminary trials (Joule’s law and Ohms law) for considering various piping combinations to get the desired capacity and elevated temperature. The selected pipe sizing provided a 1.25 cm gap between the pipes for the liquid flow. The thickness of the two stainless steel pipes were calculated using Lame’s stress analysis and it was found that pipe thickness of 1.15 mm is sufficient against the pressure exerted by liquid food. The velocity head loss was determined using Darcy-Weisbach equation and Bernoulli’s law. The support frame was designed considering the various loads at the different section in the frame, shear force acting and the bending moments. All the sections of the frame including the legs were fabricated using angle iron plates 37.5 mm width and 2.25 mm thickness. The designed and fabricated ohmic heating section was tested for its performance in batch mode and continuous mode at different potential difference (25, 30 and 35 V). The experiments were done in triplicate. The unit was tested for three liquid foods i.e. sugarcane juices, milk and watermelon juice at a voltages 25, 30 and 35 V and temperature increase was measured at every three minute interval at 3, 6 and 9 minutes using the thermocouples. The ohmic heating was evaluated for its performance in continuous mode on sugarcane juice, milk and watermelon juice at frequency (A) of alternating current at 40, 45 and 60 Hz; applied voltage (B) at 25, 30 and 35 Volts and volumetric flows rate (C) at 12, 18 and 24 l/h. Experiments were performed for each liquid food as per the experimental combination of Behnken design. All the observed data from 17 combinations of Box Behnken design were used to calculate the effect of different dependent parameters for ohmic heating of liquid foods by developing multiple regression polynomial equations.. For ohmic heating of sugarcane juice in continuous mode, the optimized process conditions emerged out as frequency (A) – 45 Hz, applied voltage (B) – 31.1 V and flow rate (C) – 12 l/h in order to obtain optimized yield as temperature (T) – 19.840C; and system performance coefficient (SPC)-67.12 % with desirability of 0.699. For ohmic heating of milk juice in continuous mode, the optimized process conditions emerged out frequency (A) – 38.75 Hz, applied voltage (B) – 30 V and flow rate (C) – 24 l/h in order to obtain optimized yield as temperature (T) – 25.160C; ; and system performance coefficient (SPC)-89.16 % with desirability of 0.967. For ohmic heating of watermelon juice in continuous mode, the optimized process conditions emerged out as frequency (A) – 42 hertz, applied voltage (B) – 30 V and flow rate (C) –24 l/h in order to obtain optimized yield as temperature (T) – 31.540C; ; and system performance coefficient (SPC)- 76.84 % with desirability of 0.825.