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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: Kumar, Bishawajit × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for grain micronutrients and yield components
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) Kumar, Bishawajit; Singh, M.K.
    The present research programme entitled “Genetic evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for grain micronutrients and yield components”, consisting of 38 genotypes, was conducted at RPCAU Research Farm, Pusa in RCBD with 2 replications, during Kharif (2021-2022). The goal of research was to assess variability for yield and yield components including grain Iron and Zinc content, to workout the causal relationship of yield components including grain Iron and Zinc content with grain yield and to workout genetic divergence across rice genotypes. The research was performed with many genetic parameters viz. heritability, variability, genetic advances, association among the different traits, their effects like indirect & direct effects grain yield, and genetic divergence was worked out using mean values of 13 quantitative traits. The ANOVA showed existence of extremely significant variations between the all genotypes for all the thirteen traits under experiment. The GCV and PCV differed slightly with narrow gap for all the traits and were showing the very small effect of environment on the expression of these thirteen quantitative traits. Further, the traits, Number of panicles per plant, Plant height, Flag leaf length, Number of grains per panicle, Days to 50% flowering, Test weight, Grain yield per plant and Grain Zinc content showed high heritability together with high genetic advance as percent of mean and it is suggesting that simple selection measures would be successful for these quantitative traits to carry out genetic advancement in the specific direction. The traits Grain Iron content, Plant height and Grain Zinc content showed negative significant correlation with grain yield per plant. While, the traits, Number of grains per panicle, Panicle length, Test weight, Number of panicles per plant and Kernel breadth showed positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. For yield advancement these traits may be given preference in the selection activity for yield improvement, for the reason that they showed strong association with trait grain yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis was used to divide the phenotypic correlation coefficient into measures of direct and indirect effect. The results of phenotypic path coefficient study supported the inference from correlation study revealed that the traits, Flag leaf length , Panicle length, Number of grains per panicle, Number of panicles per plant, and Test weight are main determinants of Grain yield per plant. Owing to that, they showed direct positive effect (0.123, 0.283, 0.156, 0.211, & 0.287 respectively). Diversity study was carried out using Mahalonobis’s D2 analysis, and the clustering of genotypes was carried out using Euclidean’s method. All the 38 genotypes were divided into seven clusters. The trait Panicle length were found maximum contribution towards varietal diversity and all other traits found approximate equal minor contribution towards varietal diversity. The genotypes that were placed in separate clusters were more diverse than those included in the same cluster, as according to the findings that the inter-cluster distances were larger than the intra-cluster distances. Inter-cluster distance was exhibited in between cluster number VII and cluster IV (537.17) was found to be highest, after that in between cluster II and cluster VII (339.91). Cluster I and VI was found as the lowest inter cluster distance (116.89). So, genotypes from these cluster-pairs with larger cluster mean difference may be utilized for crossing to get better recombinants. Considering the per se performance and CD at 5%, R-RHZ-SK-128 (26.97 g.), CR 2818-1-11-1-B-1-1-2-B-1 (26.22 g.), Samba Mahsuri (26.04 g.), R-RH2-M1-93 (24.62 g.) and R-RHZ-IR-140 (23.14 g.) outyielded the local check Rajendra Bhagwati(18.98 g.) while ten entry i.e. R-RHZ-SM-14 (32.75 ppm), Zinco rice (31.375 ppm), CGZR-1 (28.3 75 ppm), R-RHZ-IR-132 (27.5 ppm), CSR HZR 17-8 (26.85 ppm), R-RHZ-IH-82 (26 ppm), CSR HZR 17-42 (25.95 ppm), R-RHZ-IB-80 (25.35 ppm), DRR Dhan 49 (25.25 ppm) and CR Dhan 311 (25.15 ppm) possessed higher grain zinc content than Rajendra Bhagwati (22.20 ppm). Out of these ten genotypes superior for grain Zinc content, seven genotypes namely R-RHZ-IH-82 (26.00 ppm), DRR Dhan 49 (25.25 ppm), R-RHZ-IR-132 (27.5 ppm), CSR HZR 17-42 (25.95 ppm), CGZR-1 (28.3 ppm), R-RHZ-IB-80 (25.35 ppm) & CR Dhan 311 (25.15 ppm) were also founds at par with grain yield per plant. Only one of the entry i.e. R-RGY-MH-113 (11.8 ppm) was found superior for grain Fe content than local check Rajendra Bhagwati (9.55 ppm). This suggests the potential of this genotype as biofortified rice variety.