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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: KUMAR, DEEPAK × Start date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM IN EAST-CHAMPARAN DISTRICT OF BIHAR
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) KUMAR, DEEPAK; SINGH, S. P
    India is the world largest producer of sugar accounts for 19.14 per cent of the world production. India achieved a record of 414.20 million tonnes production of sugarcane in 2018-19 from an area about 5.50 million hectares.Populationgrowth across the globe and diminishing arable land on account of urbanization has created needs for searching alternative ways to enhance crop productivity and boost the economicreturns per unit land for feeding such a huge population. Sugarcane cultivation is done having wide spaces among rows and is a long duration crop and gives late net returns. Intercropping in sugarcane has received much attention and could be helpful in gettingoptimum net returns from same unit area with proper management practices. East Champaran district of Bihar is the second largest sugarcane growing district and farmers in the district are practising various intercropping systems with sugarcane. Hence, the present study "An economic analysis of sugarcane based intercropping system in East-Champaran district of Bihar"wascarried out to assess the socio-economic characteristics, identification of the existing sugarcane based intercropping system, to estimate the cost and return, access the employment pattern and to identify the constraints faced by the farmers in sugarcane based intercropping system in the study area. The study is based on primary data collected for the agricultural year 2019-20 keeping in mind the objectives of the study. A list of farmers growing sugarcane based intercrops was prepared and thereafter, altogether 120 farmers from two blocks of the district were randomly selected. The result clearly pointed out that small farmer put more area under sugarcane cultivation and were regarded as dominant sugarcane grower in the study area as compared to the medium and large farmers. It wasalso observed thatonly 88.33 per cent sample farmers were literate and rest 11.67 per cent were illiterate. Existing sugarcane based intercropping system indicated that majority of sample sugarcane growers cultivated CS-I (sugarcane + potato), followed by CS-II(sugarcane + mustard) in autumn season and CS-III (sugarcane + green gram) in spring season.It was observed that sugarcane + potato was the most prominent intercrop in the study area. Comparative costs and returns analysis under different cropping system revealed that the total cost of cultivation per hectare (cost A) was found to be high in CS-I, (Rs 1,60,032.45 ha-1), followed by CS-III, (Rs 1,26,703.38 ha-1), CS-II (Rs1,25,931.39 ha-1) and lowest on CS-IV(Rs1,17,994.02 ha-1), whereas total cost of cultivation over (cost B) was highest in CS-I (Rs 2,01,529.56 ha-1), followed by CS-III (Rs 1,64,489.85 ha-1), CS-II (Rs 1,63,675.79 ha-1) and lowest in CS-IV (Rs 1,51,519.63 ha-1) sole crop.The total cost of cultivation per hectare over (cost C) was estimated to be the highest in CS-I (Rs 2,29,736.70ha-1), followed by cropping system III (Rs 1,89,351.36 ha-1) and lowest on (Rs 1,71,642.52 ha-1) on cropping system IV (sugarcane sole crop). The gross return wascalculated to be the larger in case of CS-I (Rs 5,86,170.36 ha-1), followed by CS-II (Rs 4,03,253.87 ha-1), CS-III (Rs 3,79,212.58 ha-1) and CS-IV sole crop (Rs 2,90,529.66 ha-1), the net returns per hectare over cost A and cost C were found to be relatively high in CS-I being (Rs 4,26,137.91 ha-1) & (Rs 3,56,433.60 ha-1) followed by CS-II (Rs 2,77,322.48 ha-1) & (Rs 2,17,774.91 ha-1), CS III (Rs 2,52,509.20 ha-1) & (Rs 1,89,861.22 ha-1) and CS-IV (Rs 1,72,535.64 ha-1) & (Rs 1,18,887.14 ha-1), respectively.Thus, it may be opined from above findings that CS-I (sugarcane +Potato) wasobserved more profitable on account of high productivity and remunerative for main crop as well as intercrops as compared to other cropping systems followed in the study area. Employment generation underfour intercropping systems in study area revealed that CS-I per hectare employment creation under sugarcane based intercropping system was found to be higher(251.56 mandays) followed by CS-III (221.30 mandays), CS-II (209.57mandays) and lowest in CS-IV (206.64mandays) per hectare. The cultivation of sugarcane based intercropping systems which werelabour intensive farming in the area under consideration. The constraints associated with different cropping systems under study were identified as the major constraint like unavailability of labour during peak season, resulting in high labour wage rate during peak season and scarcity of labour also on account of engagement under MANREGA during production of sugarcane under different cropping systems in the study area. Further,unavailability of fertilizersin time was ranked as the second major constraint as it was identified by the farmers during production of sugarcane under different cropping systems under study. Besides these major constraints, the other less severe problem were also observed like damage by animal, unavailability of improved verities of seeds, high cost of production, pest and disease infestation and expenses on improved technology.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    RESPONSE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) KUMAR, DEEPAK; Kumar, Amrendra
    This field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of year 2020-21 on potato crop with variety Kufri Lalit to test the “Response of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” at Research farm of TCA, Dholi (Muzaffarpur), Bihar. The treatment combination is i.e., T1 - control, T2 – 50 % RDF, T3 – 100 % RDF, T4 - Crop residue incorporation (Rice straw 5t/ha) + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter, PSB, Trichoderma viride 5kg/ha each), T5 - T4 + FYM 25t/ha, T6 - T4 + Vermicompost 7.5 t/ha, T7 - T4 + Neem cake 5t/ha, T8 - T4 + Poultry manure 3 t/ha. This experiment has conducted in randomized block design and thrice replicated it. The texture of experimental site was sandy loam with slightly alkaline in reaction (pH 8.31), low in organic carbon (0.47%) and available N (254 kg/ha). However, moderate in availability of P (17.4 kg/ha) and K (129.3 kg/ha), respectively. All growth and yield parameter like percent emergence, plant's height, shoot's number/plant, leave's number/plant, dry matter accumulation, tuber's bulking rate, yield attributes and yield were significantly influenced by the organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Among all treatments, treatment T6 - T4 + Vermicompost 7.5 t/ha recorded higher per cent emergence (95.99 %), plant's height (43.10), shoot's number/plant (5.47), leave's number/plant (54.60), dry matter accumulation (84.80 g/plant), tuber's bulking rate (7.48 g/plant/day), tuber yield (24.12 t/ha) and treatment T6 also recorded statistically at par with treatment T3, T5. Total uptake of N (142.75 kg/ha), P (25.41 kg/ha) and K (140.37 kg/ha) by crop and available N (248 kg/ha), P (23.1 kg/ha) and K (174 kg/ha) in soil after harvest of the crop recorded highest in treatment T6. In case of economic study, the highest net returns (2,11,587 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.77) recorded from inorganic treatment T3 (100 % RDF). However, uppermost tuber yield (24.12 t/ha) and gross return (2,91,535 ₹/ha) were obtained from treatment T6 - Crop residue incorporation (Rice straw 5t/ha) + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter, PSB, Trichoderma viride 5kg/ha each) + Vermicompost (7.5t/ha). Treatment T6 also found statistically at par in terms of tuber's yield, gross return with treatment T3 (100 % RDF- 150:90:100 kg/ha NPK) tuber's yield (23.83 t/ha), gross return (2,88,099 ₹/ha) and with treatment T5 - Crop residue incorporation (Rice straw 5t/ha) + Biofertilizer (Azotobacter, PSB, Trichoderma viride 5kg/ha each) + FYM (25t/ha) tuber's yield (22.53 t/ha), gross return (2,72,380 ₹/ha). Conclusively organic treatments were not comparable with inorganic RDF treatment in terms of benefit cost ratio due to higher cost of organic inputs.