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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: Gharsiram × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of sole and sequential application of herbicides on weeds and productivity of Kharif Maize
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Gharsiram; Kumar, Mukesh
    Maize is an important cereal crop grown for food, feed and industrial purpose in the world and it occupy third position after rice and wheat in India. Maize will be third most popular food crop after wheat and rice to feed the day by day increasing population of the world. Because the productivity of maize is higher than the rice and wheat and C4 plant has higher adaptability to the environment. Nevertheless, maize productivity is affected by the weeds due to high competition between the crop and weed in early growth stage of crop. The weed pressure on crop is the most conspicuous in rainy (kharif) season due to 2-3 flushed of weed during crop duration. Therefore study of weed control through the herbicides needed to sustain the productivity of maize. In this experiment three type herbicides have been used viz; atrazine, topramezone and tembotrione in which all are broad spectrum herbicides but atrazine alone is less effective due to application as a pre-emergence and it could not affect to the weeds up to harvesting stages or second and third flushes of weeds. A field trial was conducted during the kharif season 2019 at Agricultural Research farm of TCA Dholi under the RPCAU Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar) to find out the efficiency of sole and sequential application of herbicides in maize. The treatments were viz; T1:-Weedy check, T2 :- Topramezone 25.2 g/ha,T3:- Tembotrione 120 g/ha, T4:- Atrazine 1 kg fb HW, T5:- Atrazine 0.75kg/ha fb topramezone 25.2 g/ha, T6 :- Atrazine 0.75 kg fb tembotrione 120 g/ha, T7 :- atrazine 1 kg fb topramezone 25.2 g/ha, T8 :- Atrazine 1 kg/ha fb tembotrione 120 g/ha, T9 :- Topramezone 25.2 g/ha + atrazine 0.75kg/ha, T10:- Tembotrione 120 g/ha + atrazine 0.75kg/ha, T11 :- Weed free. These eleven treatments were tested in randomized block design with three replication. The treatment T8 (Atrazine 1 kg/ha fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 25 DAS) was given the excellent result comparison to other treatment. It reduced the weed population and biomass of weed up to harvesting stage, though; weed free was superior from the all treatments. Mixed application of topramezone 25.2 g/ha and Tembotrione 120 g/ha with atrazine 0.75kg/ha applied at 15 DAS reduced the weed density and biomass of weed up to 25 DAS but thereafter this T8 superior from the all chemically treated plots. Weed free was obtained maximum grain and straw yield (6.42 t/ha and 8.79 t/ha) comparison to all other treatments but among all the chemically treated plot T8 was recorded significantly higher grain yield and straw yield (6.24 t/ha and 8.61 t/ha) compared to other treatments. Weed free uptake the huge amount of nutrients (59.61 % N, 63.04 % P and 65.86 % K uptake more than weedy check) from the soil by maize but the lowest with weedy check because in which weed uptake the highest nutrients. The nutrient uptake by crop was improved and uptake by weed was reduced with application of atrazine 1 kg/ha fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 25 DAS Maximum net return was recorded with the T8 (`92539 Rs/ha) but highest gross return with the weed free (`130512 Rs/ha).Higher benefit cost ratio was recorded with the T8 (2.68) and the lowest in weedy check (0.95). From the data recorded in the present experiment it may be concluded that application of atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 25 DAS effectively controlled the weeds thereby enhanced the productivity and cost effective weed control practice for maize crop.