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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Author: Gautam, Krishna Kumar × End date: 2019 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Bihar with special reference to Madhubani district
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), 2018) Gautam, Krishna Kumar; Mishra, R.R.
    The present study is assessing aimed at Performance of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme in Ghoghardhia block and Phulparas block of Madhubani district in Bihar. The study is based on primary data collected from 50 KCC and 50 non-KCC holder farmers from four villages namely, Ratoli, Sudai, Murli and Navtol. The study revealed that average age of KCC and non- KCC holder respondents was estimated as 48.76 years and 45.33 years respectively. The ages of majority of KCC and non-KCC holders were in the middle age group (41 to 55 years). Majority of KCC holders (27 out of 50 i.e 54.00 per cent) belonged to medium size families with 5 to 10 members. Majority of non-KCC holders also belonged to medium size families. Larger proportion of KCC holders were secondary educated followed by those educated upto primary level. Larger proportion of non-KCC holders were educated upto primary level followed by secondary educated respondents. Dominance of respondents belonging to Other Backward Castes was observed among KCC holder and non-KCC holder farmers. The average owned land holding of KCC and non-KCC holders in the study area was 1.16 ha and 1.14 ha, respectively. Majority of the KCC and non-KCC holders were having mixed type of houses. The overall annual income of KCC and non-KCC Rs 232600 and Rs 204040 respectively. It was observed that annual income of KCC holder and non-KCC holders increased with increasing size of farm. Agriculture and business and agriculture and dairy were the two most important occupation mixes adopted by the KCC holders. Agriculture, business and goatry and agriculture and dairy emerged as the two important occupation mixes for non-KCC holders. The cost of cultivation of paddy in the study area was found to be Rs 14856.45 and Rs 13621.22 per acre, out of that Rs 12534.18 (84.37 per cent) and Rs 11342.92 (83.27 per cent) was operational cost and remaining Rs 2322.27 (15.63 per cent) and Rs 2278.30 (16.73 per cent) was share of overhead cost for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The gross return per acre was Rs 20323.64 and Rs 18287.94 for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively and net income was Rs 5467.19 and Rs 4666.72 for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The output input ratio was calculated to be 1.37 and 1.34 for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The cost of production was Rs 821.95 and Rs 802.84 for main product and Rs 214.07 and Rs 214.04 for by-product for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The cost of cultivation of wheat in the study area was estimated to be Rs 15409.40 and Rs 14268.93 per acre, out of that Rs 13087.13 (84.93 per cent) and Rs 11990.63 (84.03 per cent) was operational cost and remaining Rs 2322.27(15.07 per cent) and Rs 2278.30 (15.97 per cent) was share of overhead cost for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The gross return per acre was Rs 18156.18 and Rs 16498.40 for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively and net income was Rs 2746.78 and Rs 2229.47 for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The output input ratio was calculated to be 1.18 and 1.16 for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. The cost of production was Rs 1122.28 and Rs 1089.70 for main product and Rs 330.29 and Rs 328.88 for by-product for KCC and non-KCC holders, respectively. KCC cards were issued to the farmers of Bihar by three financial institutions namely Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Co-operative Banks. The share of these institutions in total KCCs issued was 47.24 per cent, 39.69 per cent and 13.06 per cent respectively. The number KCCs issued increased at the rate of 9 per cent per annum in case of Commercial Banks, 15 per cent in case of Regional Rural Banks and declined at the rate of 3 per cent in case of Co-operative Banks. These three institutions accounted for 50.27 per cent, 7016 per cent and 64.59 per cent respectively in the total credit advanced to the KCC holders of the state. The credit given by these institutions grew at the rate of 4 per cent, 1 per cent and 7 per cent respectively. The share of Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Co-operative Banks in total KCCs issued to the farmers of Madhubani district was 18 per cent, 59 per cent and 23 per cent respectively. The number of KCCs changed at the rate of 9 per cent, 5 per cent and -2 per cent per annum in case of these three institutions respectively. Similarly, the share of these institutions in disbursement of KCC credit was 36.15 per cent, 50.68 per cent and 13.17 per cent per annum respectively which increased at the rate of 13 per cent, 86 per cent and -7 per cent respectively. Logit Model was used to identify the socio-economic characteristics affecting adoption of KCC Scheme. The effect of education and occupation of household heads was found positive and significant. Important constraints reported by KCC holders in adoption f KCC Scheme faced by them were high interest rate charged by the financial institutions, non-availability of loan on time, lengthy paper work etc. Important constraints reported by non-KCC holders were difficulty in opening bank account, easy access to non-institutional credit etc.